Effect of Furniture Weight on Carrying, Lifting, and Turning of Chairs and Desks among Elementary School Children
Rearranging furniture in elementary school classrooms encourages classroom activities. In elementary schools in Indonesia and some other developing countries, usually only one style of furniture is used for all children, and the furniture is heavy and oversized for younger children. This affects the...
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| creator | Purwaningrum, Lu'lu' Funatsu, Kyotaro Xiong, Jinghong Rosyidi, Cucuk Nur Muraki, Satoshi |
| description | Rearranging furniture in elementary school classrooms encourages classroom activities. In elementary schools in Indonesia and some other developing countries, usually only one style of furniture is used for all children, and the furniture is heavy and oversized for younger children. This affects their ability to carry it. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of elementary school furniture weight and children's age on performance of three carrying tasks (carrying a chair, lifting and turning a chair on a desk, and carrying both a chair and a desk together), from the ergonomics point of view. A total of 42 schoolchildren (ages 6-9; 17 Indonesian, 25 Japanese) participated in this study. Two types of Japanese chairs (Chair A and B, weight: 3.2 kg and 3.9 kg), one type of Indonesian chair (Chair C, weight: 5.0 kg), and two types of desks (height: 58 cm and 68 cm) were used. Indonesian chairs took significantly longer time to carry than the two Japanese chairs, and there was a significant negative relationship between age and task time for Chairs B and C, but not Chair A. Success rates for lifting and turning the chair declined as age decreased and chair weight increased, but were not significantly influenced by desk height. Success rates for carrying a chair and desk together significantly decreased with heavier furniture. Children aged six showed an extremely low success rate in almost all conditions. In conclusion, children's ability to carry furniture is affected by their age and furniture characteristics, especially weight. In order to encourage classroom activities in elementary school, school furniture should be of appropriate weight. Supervision for younger children is required during classroom furniture arrangement. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0128843 |
| format | Article |
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In elementary schools in Indonesia and some other developing countries, usually only one style of furniture is used for all children, and the furniture is heavy and oversized for younger children. This affects their ability to carry it. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of elementary school furniture weight and children's age on performance of three carrying tasks (carrying a chair, lifting and turning a chair on a desk, and carrying both a chair and a desk together), from the ergonomics point of view. A total of 42 schoolchildren (ages 6-9; 17 Indonesian, 25 Japanese) participated in this study. Two types of Japanese chairs (Chair A and B, weight: 3.2 kg and 3.9 kg), one type of Indonesian chair (Chair C, weight: 5.0 kg), and two types of desks (height: 58 cm and 68 cm) were used. Indonesian chairs took significantly longer time to carry than the two Japanese chairs, and there was a significant negative relationship between age and task time for Chairs B and C, but not Chair A. Success rates for lifting and turning the chair declined as age decreased and chair weight increased, but were not significantly influenced by desk height. Success rates for carrying a chair and desk together significantly decreased with heavier furniture. Children aged six showed an extremely low success rate in almost all conditions. In conclusion, children's ability to carry furniture is affected by their age and furniture characteristics, especially weight. In order to encourage classroom activities in elementary school, school furniture should be of appropriate weight. Supervision for younger children is required during classroom furniture arrangement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128843</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26053154</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Activity programs (Education) ; Age ; Chairs ; Chi-square test ; Child ; Children ; Children's furniture ; Classrooms ; Desks ; Developing countries ; Education ; Elementary school students ; Elementary schools ; Ergonomics ; Female ; Furniture ; Hoisting ; Humans ; Interior Design and Furnishings ; Internationality ; LDCs ; Lifting ; Male ; Manufacturing ; Motor ability ; Occupational safety ; Physical fitness ; Schools ; Science ; Students ; Studies ; Time Factors ; Walking</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0128843-e0128843</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Purwaningrum et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Purwaningrum et al 2015 Purwaningrum et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-42fef825df85cf8acbcb7bbbe05f4a5f3fb58ce0e84a300d6cd1568eafd2b0723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-42fef825df85cf8acbcb7bbbe05f4a5f3fb58ce0e84a300d6cd1568eafd2b0723</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4460133/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4460133/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053154$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Dalal, Koustuv</contributor><creatorcontrib>Purwaningrum, Lu'lu'</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Funatsu, Kyotaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Jinghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosyidi, Cucuk Nur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muraki, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Furniture Weight on Carrying, Lifting, and Turning of Chairs and Desks among Elementary School Children</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Rearranging furniture in elementary school classrooms encourages classroom activities. In elementary schools in Indonesia and some other developing countries, usually only one style of furniture is used for all children, and the furniture is heavy and oversized for younger children. This affects their ability to carry it. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of elementary school furniture weight and children's age on performance of three carrying tasks (carrying a chair, lifting and turning a chair on a desk, and carrying both a chair and a desk together), from the ergonomics point of view. A total of 42 schoolchildren (ages 6-9; 17 Indonesian, 25 Japanese) participated in this study. Two types of Japanese chairs (Chair A and B, weight: 3.2 kg and 3.9 kg), one type of Indonesian chair (Chair C, weight: 5.0 kg), and two types of desks (height: 58 cm and 68 cm) were used. Indonesian chairs took significantly longer time to carry than the two Japanese chairs, and there was a significant negative relationship between age and task time for Chairs B and C, but not Chair A. Success rates for lifting and turning the chair declined as age decreased and chair weight increased, but were not significantly influenced by desk height. Success rates for carrying a chair and desk together significantly decreased with heavier furniture. Children aged six showed an extremely low success rate in almost all conditions. In conclusion, children's ability to carry furniture is affected by their age and furniture characteristics, especially weight. In order to encourage classroom activities in elementary school, school furniture should be of appropriate weight. Supervision for younger children is required during classroom furniture arrangement.</description><subject>Activity programs (Education)</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Chairs</subject><subject>Chi-square test</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children's furniture</subject><subject>Classrooms</subject><subject>Desks</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Elementary school students</subject><subject>Elementary schools</subject><subject>Ergonomics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Furniture</subject><subject>Hoisting</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interior Design and Furnishings</subject><subject>Internationality</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Lifting</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Motor ability</subject><subject>Occupational safety</subject><subject>Physical 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Children</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-06-08</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0128843</spage><epage>e0128843</epage><pages>e0128843-e0128843</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Rearranging furniture in elementary school classrooms encourages classroom activities. In elementary schools in Indonesia and some other developing countries, usually only one style of furniture is used for all children, and the furniture is heavy and oversized for younger children. This affects their ability to carry it. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of elementary school furniture weight and children's age on performance of three carrying tasks (carrying a chair, lifting and turning a chair on a desk, and carrying both a chair and a desk together), from the ergonomics point of view. A total of 42 schoolchildren (ages 6-9; 17 Indonesian, 25 Japanese) participated in this study. Two types of Japanese chairs (Chair A and B, weight: 3.2 kg and 3.9 kg), one type of Indonesian chair (Chair C, weight: 5.0 kg), and two types of desks (height: 58 cm and 68 cm) were used. Indonesian chairs took significantly longer time to carry than the two Japanese chairs, and there was a significant negative relationship between age and task time for Chairs B and C, but not Chair A. Success rates for lifting and turning the chair declined as age decreased and chair weight increased, but were not significantly influenced by desk height. Success rates for carrying a chair and desk together significantly decreased with heavier furniture. Children aged six showed an extremely low success rate in almost all conditions. In conclusion, children's ability to carry furniture is affected by their age and furniture characteristics, especially weight. In order to encourage classroom activities in elementary school, school furniture should be of appropriate weight. Supervision for younger children is required during classroom furniture arrangement.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26053154</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0128843</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Activity programs (Education) Age Chairs Chi-square test Child Children Children's furniture Classrooms Desks Developing countries Education Elementary school students Elementary schools Ergonomics Female Furniture Hoisting Humans Interior Design and Furnishings Internationality LDCs Lifting Male Manufacturing Motor ability Occupational safety Physical fitness Schools Science Students Studies Time Factors Walking |
| title | Effect of Furniture Weight on Carrying, Lifting, and Turning of Chairs and Desks among Elementary School Children |
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