Auxin influx carriers control vascular patterning and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Auxin is an essential hormone for plant growth and development. Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribu...
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| creator | Fàbregas, Norma Formosa-Jordan, Pau Confraria, Ana Siligato, Riccardo Alonso, Jose M Swarup, Ranjan Bennett, Malcolm J Mähönen, Ari Pekka Caño-Delgado, Ana I Ibañes, Marta |
| description | Auxin is an essential hormone for plant growth and development. Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribution of influx carriers to the shoot vasculature remains unknown. Here, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to decipher the role of auxin influx carriers in the patterning and differentiation of vascular tissues in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima. In agreement, we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3. Furthermore, we show AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues. Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation. In addition to this cytoplasmic role of auxin, our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation. Altogether, our study shows that auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX regulate vascular patterning and differentiation in plants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005183 |
| format | Article |
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Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribution of influx carriers to the shoot vasculature remains unknown. Here, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to decipher the role of auxin influx carriers in the patterning and differentiation of vascular tissues in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima. In agreement, we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3. Furthermore, we show AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues. Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation. In addition to this cytoplasmic role of auxin, our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation. Altogether, our study shows that auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX regulate vascular patterning and differentiation in plants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7404</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7390</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1553-7404</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005183</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25922946</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Auxins ; Cell diferentiation ; Cell differentiation ; Cell Differentiation - genetics ; Colleges & universities ; Diferenciació cel·lular ; Experiments ; Fenotip ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetic aspects ; Grants ; Identification and classification ; Indoleacetic Acids ; Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plant Development - genetics ; Plant growth ; Plant Shoots - genetics ; Plant Shoots - growth & development ; Xylem ; Xylem - genetics ; Xylem - growth & development</subject><ispartof>PLoS genetics, 2015-04, Vol.11 (4), p.e1005183-e1005183</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>cc-by (c) Fabregas Vallvé, Norma et al., 2015 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es</a></rights><rights>2015 Fàbregas et al 2015 Fàbregas et al</rights><rights>2015 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: . PLoS Genet 11(4): e1005183. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005183</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c740t-61943f1852ad43cee6e50f89b8f048abafc7291f916a6e8e06e5d5aff3ae588b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c740t-61943f1852ad43cee6e50f89b8f048abafc7291f916a6e8e06e5d5aff3ae588b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414528/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414528/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,26953,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25922946$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Yu, Hao</contributor><creatorcontrib>Fàbregas, Norma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Formosa-Jordan, Pau</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Confraria, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siligato, Riccardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alonso, Jose M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swarup, Ranjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, Malcolm J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mähönen, Ari Pekka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caño-Delgado, Ana I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibañes, Marta</creatorcontrib><title>Auxin influx carriers control vascular patterning and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana</title><title>PLoS genetics</title><addtitle>PLoS Genet</addtitle><description>Auxin is an essential hormone for plant growth and development. Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribution of influx carriers to the shoot vasculature remains unknown. Here, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to decipher the role of auxin influx carriers in the patterning and differentiation of vascular tissues in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima. In agreement, we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3. Furthermore, we show AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues. Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation. In addition to this cytoplasmic role of auxin, our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation. Altogether, our study shows that auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX regulate vascular patterning and differentiation in plants.</description><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Auxins</subject><subject>Cell diferentiation</subject><subject>Cell differentiation</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - genetics</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Diferenciació cel·lular</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fenotip</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Grants</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids</subject><subject>Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Plant Development - genetics</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - growth & development</subject><subject>Xylem</subject><subject>Xylem - genetics</subject><subject>Xylem - growth & development</subject><issn>1553-7404</issn><issn>1553-7390</issn><issn>1553-7404</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>XX2</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVk11r2zAUhs3YWLtu_2BshsHYLpJZlmTLN4NQ9hEoK-zrVhzLR46CYqWSXdJ_P7lxQwK72DDGsvS8r450zkmSlySbE1qSD2s3-A7sfNtiNydZxomgj5JzwjmdlSxjj4_GZ8mzENZZRrmoyqfJWc6rPK9YcZ6oxbAzXWo6bYddqsB7gz6kynW9dza9haAGCz7dQt-j70zXptA16e7O4iZtjNbosesN9MaNLunCQ20atw0mpP0KrIEOnidPNNiAL6bvRfLr86efl19nV9dflpeLq5mKMfazglSMaiJ4Dg2jCrFAnmlR1UJnTEANWpV5RXRFCihQYBbXGw5aU0AuRE0vktd73611QU73EyQpBCeMclZGYrknGgdrufVmA_5OOjDyfsL5VoLvjbIoiW5KWjMGMRhWc4AyV1o3hBaZqLBuotfHabeh3mCj4jV4sCempyudWcnW3UrGCOO5iAZkb6DCoKRHhV5Bfy88_IxvnpW5zAvBBIuad9Om3t0MGHq5MUGhtdChG8azlqUQgpLR_s0ebSEeJybYxSjUiMsFI4IVPFZApOZ_oeLT4MbEKkBt4vyJ4P2JYKwU3PUtDCHI5Y_v_8F--3f2-vcp-_aIXSHYfhWcHcYiDKcgm67YuxA86kN6SCbHLnqoEjl2kZy6KMpeHaf2IHpoG_oHXkEZow</recordid><startdate>20150401</startdate><enddate>20150401</enddate><creator>Fàbregas, Norma</creator><creator>Formosa-Jordan, Pau</creator><creator>Confraria, Ana</creator><creator>Siligato, Riccardo</creator><creator>Alonso, Jose M</creator><creator>Swarup, Ranjan</creator><creator>Bennett, Malcolm J</creator><creator>Mähönen, Ari Pekka</creator><creator>Caño-Delgado, Ana I</creator><creator>Ibañes, Marta</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>XX2</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150401</creationdate><title>Auxin influx carriers control vascular patterning and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana</title><author>Fàbregas, Norma ; Formosa-Jordan, Pau ; Confraria, Ana ; Siligato, Riccardo ; Alonso, Jose M ; Swarup, Ranjan ; Bennett, Malcolm J ; Mähönen, Ari Pekka ; Caño-Delgado, Ana I ; Ibañes, Marta</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c740t-61943f1852ad43cee6e50f89b8f048abafc7291f916a6e8e06e5d5aff3ae588b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Arabidopsis - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - growth & development</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Arabidopsis thaliana</topic><topic>Auxins</topic><topic>Cell diferentiation</topic><topic>Cell differentiation</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - genetics</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Diferenciació cel·lular</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Fenotip</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Grants</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Indoleacetic Acids</topic><topic>Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Plant Development - genetics</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant Shoots - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Shoots - growth & development</topic><topic>Xylem</topic><topic>Xylem - genetics</topic><topic>Xylem - growth & development</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fàbregas, Norma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Formosa-Jordan, Pau</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Confraria, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siligato, Riccardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alonso, Jose M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swarup, Ranjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, Malcolm J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mähönen, Ari Pekka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caño-Delgado, Ana I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibañes, Marta</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Recercat</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS genetics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fàbregas, Norma</au><au>Formosa-Jordan, Pau</au><au>Confraria, Ana</au><au>Siligato, Riccardo</au><au>Alonso, Jose M</au><au>Swarup, Ranjan</au><au>Bennett, Malcolm J</au><au>Mähönen, Ari Pekka</au><au>Caño-Delgado, Ana I</au><au>Ibañes, Marta</au><au>Yu, Hao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Auxin influx carriers control vascular patterning and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana</atitle><jtitle>PLoS genetics</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Genet</addtitle><date>2015-04-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e1005183</spage><epage>e1005183</epage><pages>e1005183-e1005183</pages><issn>1553-7404</issn><issn>1553-7390</issn><eissn>1553-7404</eissn><abstract>Auxin is an essential hormone for plant growth and development. Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribution of influx carriers to the shoot vasculature remains unknown. Here, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to decipher the role of auxin influx carriers in the patterning and differentiation of vascular tissues in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima. In agreement, we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3. Furthermore, we show AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues. Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation. In addition to this cytoplasmic role of auxin, our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation. Altogether, our study shows that auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX regulate vascular patterning and differentiation in plants.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25922946</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pgen.1005183</doi><tpages>26</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana Auxins Cell diferentiation Cell differentiation Cell Differentiation - genetics Colleges & universities Diferenciació cel·lular Experiments Fenotip Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genetic aspects Grants Identification and classification Indoleacetic Acids Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism Phenotype Plant Development - genetics Plant growth Plant Shoots - genetics Plant Shoots - growth & development Xylem Xylem - genetics Xylem - growth & development |
| title | Auxin influx carriers control vascular patterning and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
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