Establishment of the tree shrew as an alcohol-induced Fatty liver model for the study of alcoholic liver diseases
Currently, the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) is not clear. As a result, there is no effective treatment for ALDs. One limitation is the lack of a suitable animal model for use in studying ALDs. The tree shrew is a lower primate animal, characterized by a high-alcohol diet. This wor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0128253-e0128253 |
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| creator | Xing, Huijie Jia, Kun He, Jun Shi, Changzheng Fang, Meixia Song, Linliang Zhang, Pu Zhao, Yue Fu, Jiangnan Li, Shoujun |
| description | Currently, the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) is not clear. As a result, there is no effective treatment for ALDs. One limitation is the lack of a suitable animal model for use in studying ALDs. The tree shrew is a lower primate animal, characterized by a high-alcohol diet. This work aimed to establish a fatty liver model using tree shrews and to assess the animals' suitability for the study of ALDs. Tree shrews were treated with alcohol solutions (10% and 20%) for two weeks. Hemophysiology, blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolic enzymes and hepatic pathology were checked and assayed with an automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the normal group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly enhanced in alcohol-treated tree shrews. However, the activity of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined. Notable changes in alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH2), CYP2E1, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed. HE and oil red O staining showed that hepatocyte swelling, hydropic degeneration, and adipohepatic syndrome occurred in the tree shrews. Alcohol can induce fatty liver-like pathological changes and result in alterations in liver function, oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolism enzymes and Nrf2. Therefore, the established fatty liver model of tree shrews induced by alcohol should be a promising tool for the study of ALDs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0128253 |
| format | Article |
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As a result, there is no effective treatment for ALDs. One limitation is the lack of a suitable animal model for use in studying ALDs. The tree shrew is a lower primate animal, characterized by a high-alcohol diet. This work aimed to establish a fatty liver model using tree shrews and to assess the animals' suitability for the study of ALDs. Tree shrews were treated with alcohol solutions (10% and 20%) for two weeks. Hemophysiology, blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolic enzymes and hepatic pathology were checked and assayed with an automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the normal group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly enhanced in alcohol-treated tree shrews. However, the activity of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined. Notable changes in alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH2), CYP2E1, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed. HE and oil red O staining showed that hepatocyte swelling, hydropic degeneration, and adipohepatic syndrome occurred in the tree shrews. Alcohol can induce fatty liver-like pathological changes and result in alterations in liver function, oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolism enzymes and Nrf2. Therefore, the established fatty liver model of tree shrews induced by alcohol should be a promising tool for the study of ALDs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128253</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26030870</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alanine ; Alanine transaminase ; Alcohol ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects ; Alcohol use ; Alcoholic beverages ; Aldehyde dehydrogenase ; Animal diseases ; Animals ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; Biomedical research ; Biotechnology ; Care and treatment ; Cholesterol ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Degeneration ; Dehydrogenase ; Dehydrogenases ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease prevention ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Enzymes ; Ethanol ; Fatty liver ; Feasibility Studies ; g-Glutamyltransferase ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Glutathione ; Hepatology ; Histopathology ; Laboratory animals ; Lipid peroxidation ; Liver ; Liver - drug effects ; Liver - metabolism ; Liver - pathology ; Liver - physiopathology ; Liver cancer ; Liver cirrhosis ; Liver diseases ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - etiology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - metabolism ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - pathology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - physiopathology ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Medical research ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism ; Oils & fats ; Oxidative metabolism ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Oxygen ; Pathogenesis ; Physiological aspects ; Protein expression ; Proteins ; Reactive oxygen species ; Rodents ; Soricidae ; Staining ; Superoxide dismutase ; Superoxides ; Triglycerides ; Tupaiidae ; Veterinary colleges ; Veterinary medicine ; γ-Glutamyltransferase</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0128253-e0128253</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Xing et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Xing et al 2015 Xing et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-6f1252e813f3acb1c030ad7a198ffce8a04fc712a90e3a54a40db3354a92ded33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-6f1252e813f3acb1c030ad7a198ffce8a04fc712a90e3a54a40db3354a92ded33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451149/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451149/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030870$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Feng, Wenke</contributor><creatorcontrib>Xing, Huijie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Kun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Changzheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Meixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Linliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Jiangnan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shoujun</creatorcontrib><title>Establishment of the tree shrew as an alcohol-induced Fatty liver model for the study of alcoholic liver diseases</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Currently, the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) is not clear. As a result, there is no effective treatment for ALDs. One limitation is the lack of a suitable animal model for use in studying ALDs. The tree shrew is a lower primate animal, characterized by a high-alcohol diet. This work aimed to establish a fatty liver model using tree shrews and to assess the animals' suitability for the study of ALDs. Tree shrews were treated with alcohol solutions (10% and 20%) for two weeks. Hemophysiology, blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolic enzymes and hepatic pathology were checked and assayed with an automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the normal group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly enhanced in alcohol-treated tree shrews. However, the activity of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined. Notable changes in alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH2), CYP2E1, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed. HE and oil red O staining showed that hepatocyte swelling, hydropic degeneration, and adipohepatic syndrome occurred in the tree shrews. Alcohol can induce fatty liver-like pathological changes and result in alterations in liver function, oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolism enzymes and Nrf2. Therefore, the established fatty liver model of tree shrews induced by alcohol should be a promising tool for the study of ALDs.</description><subject>Alanine</subject><subject>Alanine transaminase</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcohol dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Alcoholic beverages</subject><subject>Aldehyde dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aspartate aminotransferase</subject><subject>Biomedical research</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450</subject><subject>Degeneration</subject><subject>Dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Dehydrogenases</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Fatty liver</subject><subject>Feasibility Studies</subject><subject>g-Glutamyltransferase</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Histopathology</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver - drug effects</subject><subject>Liver - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Liver - physiopathology</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver cirrhosis</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - etiology</subject><subject>Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - pathology</subject><subject>Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Oxidative metabolism</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Protein expression</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Soricidae</subject><subject>Staining</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxides</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Tupaiidae</subject><subject>Veterinary colleges</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><subject>γ-Glutamyltransferase</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11r2zAUhs3YWLtu_2BshsHYLpJJlj_km0Ep7RYoFPZ1K06k41hBtlJJ7pZ_PyVxSzx6MXQhIT3ve46OdJLkNSVzyir6aW0H14OZb2yPc0IznhXsSXJKa5bNyoywp0frk-SF92tCCsbL8nlykpWEEV6R0-T20gdYGu3bDvuQ2iYNLabBIaa-dfg7BZ9Cn4KRtrVmpns1SFTpFYSwTY2-Q5d2VqFJG-v2Uh8Gtd35jBItR0xpj-DRv0yeNWA8vhrns-Tn1eWPi6-z65svi4vz65msCh5mZUOzIkNOWcNALqmMGYOqgNa8aSRyIHkjK5pBTZBBkUNO1JKxuKgzhYqxs-TtwXdjrBdjtbygJc_rmlUVjcTiQCgLa7FxugO3FRa02G9YtxLggpYGBa-ZlHVNlgohB044RUlVQVnRxGAVj16fx2jDskMlYzEdmInp9KTXrVjZO5HnBaV5HQ0-jAbO3g7og-i0l2gM9GiHfd5FVVQ82-X97h_08duN1AriBXTf2BhX7kzFeZ4xzoqSZpGaP0LFobDTMn6tRsf9ieDjRBCZgH_CCgbvxeL7t_9nb35N2fdHbItgQuutGYK2vZ-C-QGUznrvsHkoMiVi1xn31RC7zhBjZ0TZm-MHehDdtwL7Cwx_Cco</recordid><startdate>20150601</startdate><enddate>20150601</enddate><creator>Xing, Huijie</creator><creator>Jia, Kun</creator><creator>He, Jun</creator><creator>Shi, Changzheng</creator><creator>Fang, Meixia</creator><creator>Song, Linliang</creator><creator>Zhang, Pu</creator><creator>Zhao, Yue</creator><creator>Fu, Jiangnan</creator><creator>Li, Shoujun</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150601</creationdate><title>Establishment of the tree shrew as an alcohol-induced Fatty liver model for the study of alcoholic liver diseases</title><author>Xing, Huijie ; Jia, Kun ; He, Jun ; Shi, Changzheng ; Fang, Meixia ; Song, Linliang ; Zhang, Pu ; Zhao, Yue ; Fu, Jiangnan ; Li, Shoujun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-6f1252e813f3acb1c030ad7a198ffce8a04fc712a90e3a54a40db3354a92ded33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Alanine</topic><topic>Alanine transaminase</topic><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Alcohol dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xing, Huijie</au><au>Jia, Kun</au><au>He, Jun</au><au>Shi, Changzheng</au><au>Fang, Meixia</au><au>Song, Linliang</au><au>Zhang, Pu</au><au>Zhao, Yue</au><au>Fu, Jiangnan</au><au>Li, Shoujun</au><au>Feng, Wenke</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Establishment of the tree shrew as an alcohol-induced Fatty liver model for the study of alcoholic liver diseases</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-06-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0128253</spage><epage>e0128253</epage><pages>e0128253-e0128253</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Currently, the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) is not clear. As a result, there is no effective treatment for ALDs. One limitation is the lack of a suitable animal model for use in studying ALDs. The tree shrew is a lower primate animal, characterized by a high-alcohol diet. This work aimed to establish a fatty liver model using tree shrews and to assess the animals' suitability for the study of ALDs. Tree shrews were treated with alcohol solutions (10% and 20%) for two weeks. Hemophysiology, blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolic enzymes and hepatic pathology were checked and assayed with an automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the normal group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly enhanced in alcohol-treated tree shrews. However, the activity of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined. Notable changes in alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH2), CYP2E1, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed. HE and oil red O staining showed that hepatocyte swelling, hydropic degeneration, and adipohepatic syndrome occurred in the tree shrews. Alcohol can induce fatty liver-like pathological changes and result in alterations in liver function, oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolism enzymes and Nrf2. Therefore, the established fatty liver model of tree shrews induced by alcohol should be a promising tool for the study of ALDs.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26030870</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0128253</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0128253-e0128253 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1684993771 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Alanine Alanine transaminase Alcohol Alcohol dehydrogenase Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Aldehyde dehydrogenase Animal diseases Animals Aspartate aminotransferase Biomedical research Biotechnology Care and treatment Cholesterol Cytochrome P-450 Degeneration Dehydrogenase Dehydrogenases Disease Models, Animal Disease prevention Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzymes Ethanol Fatty liver Feasibility Studies g-Glutamyltransferase Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Glutathione Hepatology Histopathology Laboratory animals Lipid peroxidation Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Liver - pathology Liver - physiopathology Liver cancer Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - etiology Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - metabolism Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - pathology Liver Diseases, Alcoholic - physiopathology Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance imaging Male Malondialdehyde Medical research Metabolism Metabolites NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism Oils & fats Oxidative metabolism Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Oxygen Pathogenesis Physiological aspects Protein expression Proteins Reactive oxygen species Rodents Soricidae Staining Superoxide dismutase Superoxides Triglycerides Tupaiidae Veterinary colleges Veterinary medicine γ-Glutamyltransferase |
| title | Establishment of the tree shrew as an alcohol-induced Fatty liver model for the study of alcoholic liver diseases |
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