AICAR Enhances the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages towards Apoptotic Cells through P38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Recent studies have suggested that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increases macrophage phagocytosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, little information is available on the effects of AICAR on the clearance of apoptotic cells by ma...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0127885-e0127885
Hauptverfasser: Quan, Hui, Kim, Joung-Min, Lee, Hyun-Jung, Lee, Seong-Heon, Choi, Jeong-Il, Bae, Hong-Beom
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Kim, Joung-Min
Lee, Hyun-Jung
Lee, Seong-Heon
Choi, Jeong-Il
Bae, Hong-Beom
description Recent studies have suggested that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increases macrophage phagocytosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, little information is available on the effects of AICAR on the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, known as efferocytosis, which is essential in maintaining tissue homeostasis and resolving inflammation. AICAR increased p38 MAPK activation and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, which were inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, the TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and siRNA-mediated knock-down of p38α. AICAR increased phosphorylation of Akt, but the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity using LY294002 did not affect the AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis in macrophages. CGS15943, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, did not affect AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis, but dipyridamole, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, diminished the AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. AICAR-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, or siRNA-mediated knock-down of AMPKα1. Inhibition of AMPK using compound C or 5'-iodotubercidin did not completely block AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. Furthermore, AICAR also increased the removal of apoptotic neutrophils or thymocytes in mouse lungs. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which AICAR increases macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and suggest that AICAR may be used to treat efferocytosis-related inflammatory conditions.
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However, little information is available on the effects of AICAR on the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, known as efferocytosis, which is essential in maintaining tissue homeostasis and resolving inflammation. AICAR increased p38 MAPK activation and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, which were inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, the TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and siRNA-mediated knock-down of p38α. AICAR increased phosphorylation of Akt, but the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity using LY294002 did not affect the AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis in macrophages. CGS15943, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, did not affect AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis, but dipyridamole, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, diminished the AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. 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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Quan et al 2015 Quan et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-b614d27d5f68d9da715ea437249f064c313ca9aaa038d371a9cb15b245ec8ea03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-b614d27d5f68d9da715ea437249f064c313ca9aaa038d371a9cb15b245ec8ea03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447456/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447456/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020972$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Quan, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Joung-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hyun-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seong-Heon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Jeong-Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, Hong-Beom</creatorcontrib><title>AICAR Enhances the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages towards Apoptotic Cells through P38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Recent studies have suggested that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increases macrophage phagocytosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, little information is available on the effects of AICAR on the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, known as efferocytosis, which is essential in maintaining tissue homeostasis and resolving inflammation. AICAR increased p38 MAPK activation and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, which were inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, the TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and siRNA-mediated knock-down of p38α. AICAR increased phosphorylation of Akt, but the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity using LY294002 did not affect the AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis in macrophages. CGS15943, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, did not affect AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis, but dipyridamole, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, diminished the AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. AICAR-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, or siRNA-mediated knock-down of AMPKα1. Inhibition of AMPK using compound C or 5'-iodotubercidin did not completely block AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. Furthermore, AICAR also increased the removal of apoptotic neutrophils or thymocytes in mouse lungs. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which AICAR increases macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and suggest that AICAR may be used to treat efferocytosis-related inflammatory conditions.</description><subject>1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase</subject><subject>Adenosine</subject><subject>Adenosine kinase</subject><subject>Adenosine monophosphate</subject><subject>AKT protein</subject><subject>Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - analogs &amp; derivatives</subject><subject>Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - pharmacology</subject><subject>AMP</subject><subject>AMP-activated protein kinase</subject><subject>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics</subject><subject>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Apoptosis - genetics</subject><subject>Bone morphogenetic proteins</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Dipyridamole</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation - drug effects</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation - genetics</subject><subject>Enzyme inhibitors</subject><subject>Gene Knockdown Techniques</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Imidazoles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Leukocytes (neutrophilic)</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages, Peritoneal - enzymology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MAP kinase</subject><subject>MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - genetics</subject><subject>MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical schools</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Mitogens</subject><subject>Neutrophils</subject><subject>p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics</subject><subject>p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Penicillin</subject><subject>Phagocytes</subject><subject>Phagocytosis</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - genetics</subject><subject>Phosphorylation</subject><subject>Phosphorylation - drug effects</subject><subject>Phosphorylation - genetics</subject><subject>Protein kinases</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Pyridines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Ribonucleotides - pharmacology</subject><subject>siRNA</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>TAK1 protein</subject><subject>Thymocytes</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor-b</subject><subject>Transforming growth factors</subject><subject>Transporter</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk21r1TAUx4sobk6_gWhAEH1xr81Tm74Ryph6cWOX-fA2nKZpm9Gb1Cad7lv5EU23u7ErE6TQlnN-5-mfnCR5jtMlpjl-d-6m0UK_HJzVyxSTXAj-INnHBSWLjKT04Z3_veSJ9-dpyqnIssfJHslSkhY52U9-l6vD8gwd2Q6s0h6FTqN1B61Tl8EoVFamN-ESuQadgBrdEF0z5X7CWHtUDm4IbgYPdd_P0aOb2g6tqUAnJrhWW1SqYC4g6BqtRxe0seizseD1jcM4i1a21oOOLxvmUuXJevGvsKfJowZ6r59tvwfJtw9HXw8_LY5PP8ZRjhcq5yIsqgyzmuQ1bzJRFzXkmGtgNCesaNKMKYqpggIAUirqKCcUqsK8IoxrJXS0HiQvr_MOvfNyK7aXOBM0zyhmWSRW10Tt4FwOo9nAeCkdGHllcGMrYYza9FoSITDPC07zqmZzJxlglseeSJpVCkjM9X5bbao2ulZRiBH6naS7Hms62boLyRjLGZ-bebNNMLofk_ZBboxX8VDAajdd9c0Y5UKIiL76C71_ui3VQhzA2MbFumpOKktGCecUp7NKy3uo-NR6Y1S8mY2J9p2AtzsBkQn6V2hh8l6uvpz9P3v6fZd9fYftNPSh866f5uvld0F2Dcbb7P2om1uRcSrnxbpRQ86LJbeLFcNe3D2g26CbTaJ_AEjNHj0</recordid><startdate>20150528</startdate><enddate>20150528</enddate><creator>Quan, Hui</creator><creator>Kim, Joung-Min</creator><creator>Lee, Hyun-Jung</creator><creator>Lee, Seong-Heon</creator><creator>Choi, Jeong-Il</creator><creator>Bae, Hong-Beom</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150528</creationdate><title>AICAR Enhances the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages towards Apoptotic Cells through P38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase</title><author>Quan, Hui ; Kim, Joung-Min ; Lee, Hyun-Jung ; Lee, Seong-Heon ; Choi, Jeong-Il ; Bae, Hong-Beom</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-b614d27d5f68d9da715ea437249f064c313ca9aaa038d371a9cb15b245ec8ea03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase</topic><topic>Adenosine</topic><topic>Adenosine kinase</topic><topic>Adenosine monophosphate</topic><topic>AKT protein</topic><topic>Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - analogs &amp; derivatives</topic><topic>Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - pharmacology</topic><topic>AMP</topic><topic>AMP-activated protein kinase</topic><topic>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics</topic><topic>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Apoptosis - genetics</topic><topic>Bone morphogenetic proteins</topic><topic>Cell activation</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Dipyridamole</topic><topic>Enzyme Activation - drug effects</topic><topic>Enzyme Activation - genetics</topic><topic>Enzyme inhibitors</topic><topic>Gene Knockdown Techniques</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Imidazoles - pharmacology</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inhibition</topic><topic>Inhibitors</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Leukocytes (neutrophilic)</topic><topic>Lungs</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages, Peritoneal - enzymology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MAP kinase</topic><topic>MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - antagonists &amp; 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However, little information is available on the effects of AICAR on the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, known as efferocytosis, which is essential in maintaining tissue homeostasis and resolving inflammation. AICAR increased p38 MAPK activation and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, which were inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, the TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and siRNA-mediated knock-down of p38α. AICAR increased phosphorylation of Akt, but the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity using LY294002 did not affect the AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis in macrophages. CGS15943, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, did not affect AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis, but dipyridamole, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, diminished the AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. AICAR-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, or siRNA-mediated knock-down of AMPKα1. Inhibition of AMPK using compound C or 5'-iodotubercidin did not completely block AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. Furthermore, AICAR also increased the removal of apoptotic neutrophils or thymocytes in mouse lungs. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which AICAR increases macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and suggest that AICAR may be used to treat efferocytosis-related inflammatory conditions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26020972</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0127885</doi><tpages>e0127885</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Adenosine
Adenosine kinase
Adenosine monophosphate
AKT protein
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - analogs & derivatives
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - pharmacology
AMP
AMP-activated protein kinase
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Anesthesiology
Animals
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Apoptosis - genetics
Bone morphogenetic proteins
Cell activation
Cell cycle
Dipyridamole
Enzyme Activation - drug effects
Enzyme Activation - genetics
Enzyme inhibitors
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Imidazoles - pharmacology
Inflammation
Inhibition
Inhibitors
Kinases
Laboratory animals
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Lungs
Macrophages
Macrophages, Peritoneal - enzymology
Male
MAP kinase
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - genetics
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - metabolism
Medical schools
Medicine
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mitogens
Neutrophils
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Pain
Penicillin
Phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - drug effects
Phagocytosis - genetics
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation - drug effects
Phosphorylation - genetics
Protein kinases
Proteins
Pyridines - pharmacology
Ribonucleotides - pharmacology
siRNA
Stem cells
Studies
TAK1 protein
Thymocytes
Transforming growth factor-b
Transforming growth factors
Transporter
title AICAR Enhances the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages towards Apoptotic Cells through P38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
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