Mortality, temporary sterilization, and maternal effects of sublethal heat in bed bugs
Adult bed bugs were exposed to the sublethal temperatures 34.0°C, 35.5°C, 37.0°C, 38.5°C, or 40.0°C for 3, 6, or 9 days. The two uppermost temperatures induced 100% mortality within 9 and 2 days, respectively, whereas 34.0°C had no observable effect. The intermediate temperatures interacted with tim...
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| description | Adult bed bugs were exposed to the sublethal temperatures 34.0°C, 35.5°C, 37.0°C, 38.5°C, or 40.0°C for 3, 6, or 9 days. The two uppermost temperatures induced 100% mortality within 9 and 2 days, respectively, whereas 34.0°C had no observable effect. The intermediate temperatures interacted with time to induce a limited level of mortality but had distinct effects on fecundity, reflected by decreases in the number of eggs produced and hatching success. Adult fecundity remained low for up to 40 days after heat exposure, and the time until fertility was restored correlated with the temperature-sum experienced during heat exposure. Three or 6 days of parental exposure to 38.5°C significantly lowered their offspring's feeding and moulting ability, which consequently led to a failure to continue beyond the third instar. Eggs that were deposited at 22.0°C before being exposed to 37.0°C for 3 or 6 days died, whereas eggs that were exposed to lower temperatures were not significantly affected. Eggs that were deposited during heat treatment exhibited high levels of mortality also at 34.0°C and 35.5°C. The observed negative effects of temperatures between 34.0°C and 40.0°C may be utilized in pest management, and sublethal temperature exposure ought to be further investigated as an additional tool to decimate or potentially eradicate bed bug populations. The effect of parental heat exposure on progeny demonstrates the importance of including maternal considerations when studying bed bug environmental stress reactions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0127555 |
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The two uppermost temperatures induced 100% mortality within 9 and 2 days, respectively, whereas 34.0°C had no observable effect. The intermediate temperatures interacted with time to induce a limited level of mortality but had distinct effects on fecundity, reflected by decreases in the number of eggs produced and hatching success. Adult fecundity remained low for up to 40 days after heat exposure, and the time until fertility was restored correlated with the temperature-sum experienced during heat exposure. Three or 6 days of parental exposure to 38.5°C significantly lowered their offspring's feeding and moulting ability, which consequently led to a failure to continue beyond the third instar. Eggs that were deposited at 22.0°C before being exposed to 37.0°C for 3 or 6 days died, whereas eggs that were exposed to lower temperatures were not significantly affected. Eggs that were deposited during heat treatment exhibited high levels of mortality also at 34.0°C and 35.5°C. The observed negative effects of temperatures between 34.0°C and 40.0°C may be utilized in pest management, and sublethal temperature exposure ought to be further investigated as an additional tool to decimate or potentially eradicate bed bug populations. The effect of parental heat exposure on progeny demonstrates the importance of including maternal considerations when studying bed bug environmental stress reactions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127555</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25996999</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Bedbugs ; Boxes ; Carbon dioxide ; Eggs ; Environmental stress ; Experiments ; Exposure ; Fecundity ; Female ; Fertility ; Hatching ; Heat ; Heat tolerance (Biology) ; Heat treatment ; Hemiptera ; Heteroptera ; Hot Temperature ; Insecticides ; Insects ; Low temperature ; Maternal effects ; Molting ; Mortality ; Offspring ; Pest control ; Physiological aspects ; Polyethylene ; Population ; Progeny ; Proteins ; Public health ; Sterilization ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Water pollution effects</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0127555-e0127555</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Rukke et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Rukke et al 2015 Rukke et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6ab436824d128b3ae565da936c198cee5090f1c4e41aadad85dd3389c80905583</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6ab436824d128b3ae565da936c198cee5090f1c4e41aadad85dd3389c80905583</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440821/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440821/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996999$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rukke, Bjørn Arne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aak, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edgar, Kristin Skarsfjord</creatorcontrib><title>Mortality, temporary sterilization, and maternal effects of sublethal heat in bed bugs</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Adult bed bugs were exposed to the sublethal temperatures 34.0°C, 35.5°C, 37.0°C, 38.5°C, or 40.0°C for 3, 6, or 9 days. The two uppermost temperatures induced 100% mortality within 9 and 2 days, respectively, whereas 34.0°C had no observable effect. The intermediate temperatures interacted with time to induce a limited level of mortality but had distinct effects on fecundity, reflected by decreases in the number of eggs produced and hatching success. Adult fecundity remained low for up to 40 days after heat exposure, and the time until fertility was restored correlated with the temperature-sum experienced during heat exposure. Three or 6 days of parental exposure to 38.5°C significantly lowered their offspring's feeding and moulting ability, which consequently led to a failure to continue beyond the third instar. Eggs that were deposited at 22.0°C before being exposed to 37.0°C for 3 or 6 days died, whereas eggs that were exposed to lower temperatures were not significantly affected. Eggs that were deposited during heat treatment exhibited high levels of mortality also at 34.0°C and 35.5°C. The observed negative effects of temperatures between 34.0°C and 40.0°C may be utilized in pest management, and sublethal temperature exposure ought to be further investigated as an additional tool to decimate or potentially eradicate bed bug populations. The effect of parental heat exposure on progeny demonstrates the importance of including maternal considerations when studying bed bug environmental stress reactions.</description><subject>Adaptation, Physiological</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bedbugs</subject><subject>Boxes</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Environmental stress</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fecundity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Hatching</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat tolerance (Biology)</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Hemiptera</subject><subject>Heteroptera</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Maternal effects</subject><subject>Molting</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Offspring</subject><subject>Pest control</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Progeny</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Sterilization</subject><subject>Sterilization, Reproductive</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Water pollution 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The two uppermost temperatures induced 100% mortality within 9 and 2 days, respectively, whereas 34.0°C had no observable effect. The intermediate temperatures interacted with time to induce a limited level of mortality but had distinct effects on fecundity, reflected by decreases in the number of eggs produced and hatching success. Adult fecundity remained low for up to 40 days after heat exposure, and the time until fertility was restored correlated with the temperature-sum experienced during heat exposure. Three or 6 days of parental exposure to 38.5°C significantly lowered their offspring's feeding and moulting ability, which consequently led to a failure to continue beyond the third instar. Eggs that were deposited at 22.0°C before being exposed to 37.0°C for 3 or 6 days died, whereas eggs that were exposed to lower temperatures were not significantly affected. Eggs that were deposited during heat treatment exhibited high levels of mortality also at 34.0°C and 35.5°C. The observed negative effects of temperatures between 34.0°C and 40.0°C may be utilized in pest management, and sublethal temperature exposure ought to be further investigated as an additional tool to decimate or potentially eradicate bed bug populations. The effect of parental heat exposure on progeny demonstrates the importance of including maternal considerations when studying bed bug environmental stress reactions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25996999</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0127555</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation, Physiological Animals Bedbugs Boxes Carbon dioxide Eggs Environmental stress Experiments Exposure Fecundity Female Fertility Hatching Heat Heat tolerance (Biology) Heat treatment Hemiptera Heteroptera Hot Temperature Insecticides Insects Low temperature Maternal effects Molting Mortality Offspring Pest control Physiological aspects Polyethylene Population Progeny Proteins Public health Sterilization Sterilization, Reproductive Temperature Temperature effects Water pollution effects |
| title | Mortality, temporary sterilization, and maternal effects of sublethal heat in bed bugs |
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