Adrenal Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
A northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) cetacean unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama began in February 2010 and continued into 2014. Overlapping in time and space with this UME was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil s...
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| creator | Venn-Watson, Stephanie Colegrove, Kathleen M Litz, Jenny Kinsel, Michael Terio, Karen Saliki, Jeremiah Fire, Spencer Carmichael, Ruth Chevis, Connie Hatchett, Wendy Pitchford, Jonathan Tumlin, Mandy Field, Cara Smith, Suzanne Ewing, Ruth Fauquier, Deborah Lovewell, Gretchen Whitehead, Heidi Rotstein, David McFee, Wayne Fougeres, Erin Rowles, Teri |
| description | A northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) cetacean unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama began in February 2010 and continued into 2014. Overlapping in time and space with this UME was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, which was proposed as a contributing cause of adrenal disease, lung disease, and poor health in live dolphins examined during 2011 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To assess potential contributing factors and causes of deaths for stranded UME dolphins from June 2010 through December 2012, lung and adrenal gland tissues were histologically evaluated from 46 fresh dead non-perinatal carcasses that stranded in Louisiana (including 22 from Barataria Bay), Mississippi, and Alabama. UME dolphins were tested for evidence of biotoxicosis, morbillivirus infection, and brucellosis. Results were compared to up to 106 fresh dead stranded dolphins from outside the UME area or prior to the DWH spill. UME dolphins were more likely to have primary bacterial pneumonia (22% compared to 2% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003) and thin adrenal cortices (33% compared to 7% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003). In 70% of UME dolphins with primary bacterial pneumonia, the condition either caused or contributed significantly to death. Brucellosis and morbillivirus infections were detected in 7% and 11% of UME dolphins, respectively, and biotoxin levels were low or below the detection limit, indicating that these were not primary causes of the current UME. The rare, life-threatening, and chronic adrenal gland and lung diseases identified in stranded UME dolphins are consistent with exposure to petroleum compounds as seen in other mammals. Exposure of dolphins to elevated petroleum compounds present in coastal GoM waters during and after the DWH oil spill is proposed as a cause of adrenal and lung disease and as a contributor to increased dolphin deaths. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0126538 |
| format | Article |
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Overlapping in time and space with this UME was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, which was proposed as a contributing cause of adrenal disease, lung disease, and poor health in live dolphins examined during 2011 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To assess potential contributing factors and causes of deaths for stranded UME dolphins from June 2010 through December 2012, lung and adrenal gland tissues were histologically evaluated from 46 fresh dead non-perinatal carcasses that stranded in Louisiana (including 22 from Barataria Bay), Mississippi, and Alabama. UME dolphins were tested for evidence of biotoxicosis, morbillivirus infection, and brucellosis. Results were compared to up to 106 fresh dead stranded dolphins from outside the UME area or prior to the DWH spill. UME dolphins were more likely to have primary bacterial pneumonia (22% compared to 2% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003) and thin adrenal cortices (33% compared to 7% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003). In 70% of UME dolphins with primary bacterial pneumonia, the condition either caused or contributed significantly to death. Brucellosis and morbillivirus infections were detected in 7% and 11% of UME dolphins, respectively, and biotoxin levels were low or below the detection limit, indicating that these were not primary causes of the current UME. The rare, life-threatening, and chronic adrenal gland and lung diseases identified in stranded UME dolphins are consistent with exposure to petroleum compounds as seen in other mammals. Exposure of dolphins to elevated petroleum compounds present in coastal GoM waters during and after the DWH oil spill is proposed as a cause of adrenal and lung disease and as a contributor to increased dolphin deaths.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126538</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25992681</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adrenal Gland Diseases - etiology ; Adrenal Gland Diseases - mortality ; Adrenal Gland Diseases - pathology ; Adrenal glands ; Adrenal Glands - pathology ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Aquatic mammals ; Bacteria ; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - microbiology ; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - virology ; Brucellosis ; Brucellosis - etiology ; Brucellosis - microbiology ; Brucellosis - mortality ; Brucellosis - pathology ; Carcasses ; Cetacea ; Coastal waters ; Crude oil ; Dolphins ; Dolphins & porpoises ; Dolphins (Mammals) ; Exposure ; Fatalities ; Female ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Gulf of Mexico ; Health aspects ; Hydrocarbons ; Infections ; Laboratories ; Lesions ; Louisiana ; Lung - pathology ; Lung diseases ; Male ; Marine mammals ; Medical prognosis ; Morbillivirus Infections - etiology ; Morbillivirus Infections - mortality ; Morbillivirus Infections - pathology ; Morbillivirus Infections - virology ; Mortality ; Oil spills ; Pathology ; Petroleum ; Petroleum Pollution - adverse effects ; Physiological aspects ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Bacterial - etiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial - microbiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial - mortality ; Pneumonia, Bacterial - pathology ; Respiration ; Science ; Stranding ; Studies ; Tissues ; Tursiops truncatus ; Veterinary medicine ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0126538-e0126538</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”) Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-2be0f1d614913dc56463d38dc8db6ecdff5188d80f4a9429dff703b3dc35bf493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-2be0f1d614913dc56463d38dc8db6ecdff5188d80f4a9429dff703b3dc35bf493</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4439104/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4439104/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992681$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Venn-Watson, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colegrove, Kathleen M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Litz, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kinsel, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terio, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saliki, Jeremiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fire, Spencer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carmichael, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevis, Connie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hatchett, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pitchford, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tumlin, Mandy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Field, Cara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Suzanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ewing, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fauquier, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovewell, Gretchen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whitehead, Heidi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rotstein, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McFee, Wayne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fougeres, Erin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowles, Teri</creatorcontrib><title>Adrenal Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>A northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) cetacean unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama began in February 2010 and continued into 2014. Overlapping in time and space with this UME was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, which was proposed as a contributing cause of adrenal disease, lung disease, and poor health in live dolphins examined during 2011 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To assess potential contributing factors and causes of deaths for stranded UME dolphins from June 2010 through December 2012, lung and adrenal gland tissues were histologically evaluated from 46 fresh dead non-perinatal carcasses that stranded in Louisiana (including 22 from Barataria Bay), Mississippi, and Alabama. UME dolphins were tested for evidence of biotoxicosis, morbillivirus infection, and brucellosis. Results were compared to up to 106 fresh dead stranded dolphins from outside the UME area or prior to the DWH spill. UME dolphins were more likely to have primary bacterial pneumonia (22% compared to 2% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003) and thin adrenal cortices (33% compared to 7% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003). In 70% of UME dolphins with primary bacterial pneumonia, the condition either caused or contributed significantly to death. Brucellosis and morbillivirus infections were detected in 7% and 11% of UME dolphins, respectively, and biotoxin levels were low or below the detection limit, indicating that these were not primary causes of the current UME. The rare, life-threatening, and chronic adrenal gland and lung diseases identified in stranded UME dolphins are consistent with exposure to petroleum compounds as seen in other mammals. Exposure of dolphins to elevated petroleum compounds present in coastal GoM waters during and after the DWH oil spill is proposed as a cause of adrenal and lung disease and as a contributor to increased dolphin deaths.</description><subject>Adrenal Gland Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Adrenal Gland Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Adrenal Gland Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Adrenal glands</subject><subject>Adrenal Glands - pathology</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic mammals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - microbiology</subject><subject>Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - virology</subject><subject>Brucellosis</subject><subject>Brucellosis - etiology</subject><subject>Brucellosis - microbiology</subject><subject>Brucellosis - mortality</subject><subject>Brucellosis - pathology</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Cetacea</subject><subject>Coastal waters</subject><subject>Crude oil</subject><subject>Dolphins</subject><subject>Dolphins & porpoises</subject><subject>Dolphins (Mammals)</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Gulf of Mexico</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Louisiana</subject><subject>Lung - pathology</subject><subject>Lung diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Morbillivirus Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Morbillivirus Infections - mortality</subject><subject>Morbillivirus Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Morbillivirus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Oil spills</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>Petroleum Pollution - adverse 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Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill</title><author>Venn-Watson, Stephanie ; Colegrove, Kathleen M ; Litz, Jenny ; Kinsel, Michael ; Terio, Karen ; Saliki, Jeremiah ; Fire, Spencer ; Carmichael, Ruth ; Chevis, Connie ; Hatchett, Wendy ; Pitchford, Jonathan ; Tumlin, Mandy ; Field, Cara ; Smith, Suzanne ; Ewing, Ruth ; Fauquier, Deborah ; Lovewell, Gretchen ; Whitehead, Heidi ; Rotstein, David ; McFee, Wayne ; Fougeres, Erin ; Rowles, Teri</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-2be0f1d614913dc56463d38dc8db6ecdff5188d80f4a9429dff703b3dc35bf493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adrenal Gland Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Adrenal Gland Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Adrenal Gland Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Adrenal 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(Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Venn-Watson, Stephanie</au><au>Colegrove, Kathleen M</au><au>Litz, Jenny</au><au>Kinsel, Michael</au><au>Terio, Karen</au><au>Saliki, Jeremiah</au><au>Fire, Spencer</au><au>Carmichael, Ruth</au><au>Chevis, Connie</au><au>Hatchett, Wendy</au><au>Pitchford, Jonathan</au><au>Tumlin, Mandy</au><au>Field, Cara</au><au>Smith, Suzanne</au><au>Ewing, Ruth</au><au>Fauquier, Deborah</au><au>Lovewell, Gretchen</au><au>Whitehead, Heidi</au><au>Rotstein, David</au><au>McFee, Wayne</au><au>Fougeres, Erin</au><au>Rowles, Teri</au><au>Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Adrenal Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-05-20</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0126538</spage><epage>e0126538</epage><pages>e0126538-e0126538</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>A northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) cetacean unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama began in February 2010 and continued into 2014. Overlapping in time and space with this UME was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, which was proposed as a contributing cause of adrenal disease, lung disease, and poor health in live dolphins examined during 2011 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To assess potential contributing factors and causes of deaths for stranded UME dolphins from June 2010 through December 2012, lung and adrenal gland tissues were histologically evaluated from 46 fresh dead non-perinatal carcasses that stranded in Louisiana (including 22 from Barataria Bay), Mississippi, and Alabama. UME dolphins were tested for evidence of biotoxicosis, morbillivirus infection, and brucellosis. Results were compared to up to 106 fresh dead stranded dolphins from outside the UME area or prior to the DWH spill. UME dolphins were more likely to have primary bacterial pneumonia (22% compared to 2% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003) and thin adrenal cortices (33% compared to 7% in non-UME dolphins, P = .003). In 70% of UME dolphins with primary bacterial pneumonia, the condition either caused or contributed significantly to death. Brucellosis and morbillivirus infections were detected in 7% and 11% of UME dolphins, respectively, and biotoxin levels were low or below the detection limit, indicating that these were not primary causes of the current UME. The rare, life-threatening, and chronic adrenal gland and lung diseases identified in stranded UME dolphins are consistent with exposure to petroleum compounds as seen in other mammals. Exposure of dolphins to elevated petroleum compounds present in coastal GoM waters during and after the DWH oil spill is proposed as a cause of adrenal and lung disease and as a contributor to increased dolphin deaths.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25992681</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0126538</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0126538-e0126538 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1682212066 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adrenal Gland Diseases - etiology Adrenal Gland Diseases - mortality Adrenal Gland Diseases - pathology Adrenal glands Adrenal Glands - pathology Animal behavior Animals Aquatic mammals Bacteria Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - microbiology Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - virology Brucellosis Brucellosis - etiology Brucellosis - microbiology Brucellosis - mortality Brucellosis - pathology Carcasses Cetacea Coastal waters Crude oil Dolphins Dolphins & porpoises Dolphins (Mammals) Exposure Fatalities Female Fish Fisheries Gulf of Mexico Health aspects Hydrocarbons Infections Laboratories Lesions Louisiana Lung - pathology Lung diseases Male Marine mammals Medical prognosis Morbillivirus Infections - etiology Morbillivirus Infections - mortality Morbillivirus Infections - pathology Morbillivirus Infections - virology Mortality Oil spills Pathology Petroleum Petroleum Pollution - adverse effects Physiological aspects Pneumonia Pneumonia, Bacterial - etiology Pneumonia, Bacterial - microbiology Pneumonia, Bacterial - mortality Pneumonia, Bacterial - pathology Respiration Science Stranding Studies Tissues Tursiops truncatus Veterinary medicine Zoology |
| title | Adrenal Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill |
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