Osteological, biomolecular and geochemical examination of an early anglo-saxon case of lepromatous leprosy
We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21-35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DN...
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| creator | Inskip, Sarah A Taylor, G Michael Zakrzewski, Sonia R Mays, Simon A Pike, Alistair W G Llewellyn, Gareth Williams, Christopher M Lee, Oona Y-C Wu, Houdini H T Minnikin, David E Besra, Gurdyal S Stewart, Graham R |
| description | We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21-35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. This potentially sheds light on the origins of the strain in Britain and its subsequent spread to other parts of the world, including the Americas where the 3I lineage of M. leprae is still found in some southern states of America. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0124282 |
| format | Article |
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The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21-35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. This potentially sheds light on the origins of the strain in Britain and its subsequent spread to other parts of the world, including the Americas where the 3I lineage of M. leprae is still found in some southern states of America.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124282</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25970602</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Archaeology ; Biocompatibility ; Biomarkers ; Bones ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Care and treatment ; Causes of ; Cemeteries ; Centuries ; College campuses ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Epidemics ; Fibula - microbiology ; Fibula - pathology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic aspects ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Genotyping ; Geochemistry ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Infections ; Leprosy ; Leprosy, Lepromatous - history ; Leprosy, Lepromatous - microbiology ; Leprosy, Lepromatous - pathology ; Lipids - isolation & purification ; Male ; Mass spectrometry ; Medicine ; Metatarsal Bones - microbiology ; Metatarsal Bones - pathology ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Mycobacterium leprae - classification ; Mycobacterium leprae - genetics ; Mycobacterium leprae - isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium leprae - metabolism ; Osteology ; Osteology (Anatomy) ; Oxygen ; Pathogens ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk factors ; Scientific imaging ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Strontium ; Strontium isotopes ; Talus - microbiology ; Talus - pathology ; Tuberculosis ; United Kingdom</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0124282-e0124282</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Inskip et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Inskip et al 2015 Inskip et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-f2c364bfb887325f9416a938c40266bb774ecd99c5d2849fd48233a28e7613113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-f2c364bfb887325f9416a938c40266bb774ecd99c5d2849fd48233a28e7613113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4430215/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4430215/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970602$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Spigelman, Mark</contributor><creatorcontrib>Inskip, Sarah A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, G Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zakrzewski, Sonia R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mays, Simon A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pike, Alistair W G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Llewellyn, Gareth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Christopher M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Oona Y-C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Houdini H T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minnikin, David E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Besra, Gurdyal S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stewart, Graham R</creatorcontrib><title>Osteological, biomolecular and geochemical examination of an early anglo-saxon case of lepromatous leprosy</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21-35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Inskip, Sarah A</au><au>Taylor, G Michael</au><au>Zakrzewski, Sonia R</au><au>Mays, Simon A</au><au>Pike, Alistair W G</au><au>Llewellyn, Gareth</au><au>Williams, Christopher M</au><au>Lee, Oona Y-C</au><au>Wu, Houdini H T</au><au>Minnikin, David E</au><au>Besra, Gurdyal S</au><au>Stewart, Graham R</au><au>Spigelman, Mark</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Osteological, biomolecular and geochemical examination of an early anglo-saxon case of lepromatous leprosy</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-05-13</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0124282</spage><epage>e0124282</epage><pages>e0124282-e0124282</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21-35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. This potentially sheds light on the origins of the strain in Britain and its subsequent spread to other parts of the world, including the Americas where the 3I lineage of M. leprae is still found in some southern states of America.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25970602</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0124282</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1680706996 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Archaeology Biocompatibility Biomarkers Bones Carbon Radioisotopes Care and treatment Causes of Cemeteries Centuries College campuses Deoxyribonucleic acid Diagnosis DNA Epidemics Fibula - microbiology Fibula - pathology Genes, Bacterial Genetic aspects Genome, Bacterial Genomes Genomics Genotype Genotyping Geochemistry History, Medieval Humans Infections Leprosy Leprosy, Lepromatous - history Leprosy, Lepromatous - microbiology Leprosy, Lepromatous - pathology Lipids - isolation & purification Male Mass spectrometry Medicine Metatarsal Bones - microbiology Metatarsal Bones - pathology Mycobacterium leprae Mycobacterium leprae - classification Mycobacterium leprae - genetics Mycobacterium leprae - isolation & purification Mycobacterium leprae - metabolism Osteology Osteology (Anatomy) Oxygen Pathogens Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Risk factors Scientific imaging Sequence Analysis, DNA Strontium Strontium isotopes Talus - microbiology Talus - pathology Tuberculosis United Kingdom |
| title | Osteological, biomolecular and geochemical examination of an early anglo-saxon case of lepromatous leprosy |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-01T04%3A04%3A10IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Osteological,%20biomolecular%20and%20geochemical%20examination%20of%20an%20early%20anglo-saxon%20case%20of%20lepromatous%20leprosy&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Inskip,%20Sarah%20A&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0124282&rft.epage=e0124282&rft.pages=e0124282-e0124282&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124282&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA432014306%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1680706996&rft_id=info:pmid/25970602&rft_galeid=A432014306&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_4933049d30c0432b9114ae326c03da22&rfr_iscdi=true |