Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect
In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new metho...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0125605-e0125605 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0125605 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | e0125605 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 10 |
| creator | Rullo, Marika Presaghi, Fabio Livi, Stefano |
| description | In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0125605 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1679179163</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A430333416</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_340766490edb472190bab398e9be376e</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A430333416</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-bbdb32d6a89fbc73962ef34e5f9703357590248b7ba776e9e372b641af118ec93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk9tq3DAQhk1padJt36C0hkJpL3arkyWrF4UQelgIBNLDrZDksdep13IkOaRvX23WCeuSi2KD5dE3_2hGM1n2EqMVpgJ_uHSj73W3GlwPK4RJwVHxKDvGkpIlJ4g-PlgfZc9CuESooCXnT7MjUkjGMSuPM30B2sbW9SGPLm_7xrtxyHVf5W6M-58Krlvdx_AxmXO4GcC3W-ij7vL9_qC9rtpmm9fO56bT9nceNgBDDnUNNj7PntS6C_Bi-i6yn18-_zj9tjw7_7o-PTlbWi5JXBpTGUoqrktZGyuo5ARqyqCopUCUFqKQiLDSCKOF4CCBCmI4w7rGuAQr6SJ7vdcdOhfUVJ2gMBcSp5fTRKz3ROX0pRpSGtr_UU636tbgfKO0j63tQFGGBOdMIqgMEwRLZLShsgRpUmAOSevTFG00W6hsKojX3Ux0vtO3G9W4a8UYIYKIJPBuEvDuaoQQ1bYNFrpO9-DG3blLlMLukl9kb_5BH85uohqdEmj72qW4dieqThhNJaQsYYts9QCVngq2rU2tVLfJPnN4P3NITISb2OgxBLX-fvH_7PmvOfv2gN2A7uImuG687cU5yPag9S4ED_V9kTFSu0m4q4baTYKaJiG5vTq8oHunu9anfwEzIQMH</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1679179163</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Rullo, Marika ; Presaghi, Fabio ; Livi, Stefano</creator><contributor>McCormick, Cheryl</contributor><creatorcontrib>Rullo, Marika ; Presaghi, Fabio ; Livi, Stefano ; McCormick, Cheryl</creatorcontrib><description>In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125605</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25946148</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aggression - psychology ; Aggressive behavior ; Aggressiveness ; Behavior ; Behavior modification ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Cognition & reasoning ; College students ; Colleges & universities ; Deviance ; Female ; Group dynamics ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Intergroup relations ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Methods ; Norms ; Ovis aries ; Physiology ; Prejudice ; Psychological research ; Reaction time ; Reaction time (Psychology) ; Reaction time task ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Responses ; Sheep ; Social identity ; Social Perception ; Studies ; Threats ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0125605-e0125605</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Rullo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Rullo et al 2015 Rullo et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-bbdb32d6a89fbc73962ef34e5f9703357590248b7ba776e9e372b641af118ec93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-bbdb32d6a89fbc73962ef34e5f9703357590248b7ba776e9e372b641af118ec93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4422727/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4422727/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27323,27903,27904,33753,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25946148$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>McCormick, Cheryl</contributor><creatorcontrib>Rullo, Marika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Presaghi, Fabio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Livi, Stefano</creatorcontrib><title>Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level.</description><subject>Aggression - psychology</subject><subject>Aggressive behavior</subject><subject>Aggressiveness</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavior modification</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>College students</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Deviance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Group dynamics</subject><subject>Group Processes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intergroup relations</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relations</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Norms</subject><subject>Ovis aries</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Prejudice</subject><subject>Psychological research</subject><subject>Reaction time</subject><subject>Reaction time (Psychology)</subject><subject>Reaction time task</subject><subject>Rejection (Psychology)</subject><subject>Responses</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Social identity</subject><subject>Social Perception</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Threats</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9tq3DAQhk1padJt36C0hkJpL3arkyWrF4UQelgIBNLDrZDksdep13IkOaRvX23WCeuSi2KD5dE3_2hGM1n2EqMVpgJ_uHSj73W3GlwPK4RJwVHxKDvGkpIlJ4g-PlgfZc9CuESooCXnT7MjUkjGMSuPM30B2sbW9SGPLm_7xrtxyHVf5W6M-58Krlvdx_AxmXO4GcC3W-ij7vL9_qC9rtpmm9fO56bT9nceNgBDDnUNNj7PntS6C_Bi-i6yn18-_zj9tjw7_7o-PTlbWi5JXBpTGUoqrktZGyuo5ARqyqCopUCUFqKQiLDSCKOF4CCBCmI4w7rGuAQr6SJ7vdcdOhfUVJ2gMBcSp5fTRKz3ROX0pRpSGtr_UU636tbgfKO0j63tQFGGBOdMIqgMEwRLZLShsgRpUmAOSevTFG00W6hsKojX3Ux0vtO3G9W4a8UYIYKIJPBuEvDuaoQQ1bYNFrpO9-DG3blLlMLukl9kb_5BH85uohqdEmj72qW4dieqThhNJaQsYYts9QCVngq2rU2tVLfJPnN4P3NITISb2OgxBLX-fvH_7PmvOfv2gN2A7uImuG687cU5yPag9S4ED_V9kTFSu0m4q4baTYKaJiG5vTq8oHunu9anfwEzIQMH</recordid><startdate>20150506</startdate><enddate>20150506</enddate><creator>Rullo, Marika</creator><creator>Presaghi, Fabio</creator><creator>Livi, Stefano</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150506</creationdate><title>Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect</title><author>Rullo, Marika ; Presaghi, Fabio ; Livi, Stefano</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-bbdb32d6a89fbc73962ef34e5f9703357590248b7ba776e9e372b641af118ec93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Aggression - psychology</topic><topic>Aggressive behavior</topic><topic>Aggressiveness</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Behavior modification</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>College students</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Deviance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Group dynamics</topic><topic>Group Processes</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intergroup relations</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relations</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Norms</topic><topic>Ovis aries</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Prejudice</topic><topic>Psychological research</topic><topic>Reaction time</topic><topic>Reaction time (Psychology)</topic><topic>Reaction time task</topic><topic>Rejection (Psychology)</topic><topic>Responses</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Social identity</topic><topic>Social Perception</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Threats</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rullo, Marika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Presaghi, Fabio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Livi, Stefano</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rullo, Marika</au><au>Presaghi, Fabio</au><au>Livi, Stefano</au><au>McCormick, Cheryl</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-05-06</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0125605</spage><epage>e0125605</epage><pages>e0125605-e0125605</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25946148</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0125605</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0125605-e0125605 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1679179163 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Sociological Abstracts; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Aggression - psychology Aggressive behavior Aggressiveness Behavior Behavior modification Blood pressure Blood Pressure - physiology Cognition & reasoning College students Colleges & universities Deviance Female Group dynamics Group Processes Humans Intergroup relations Interpersonal Relations Male Methods Norms Ovis aries Physiology Prejudice Psychological research Reaction time Reaction time (Psychology) Reaction time task Rejection (Psychology) Responses Sheep Social identity Social Perception Studies Threats Young Adult |
| title | Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-22T10%3A27%3A24IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reactions%20to%20ingroup%20and%20outgroup%20deviants:%20an%20experimental%20group%20paradigm%20for%20black%20sheep%20effect&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Rullo,%20Marika&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0125605&rft.epage=e0125605&rft.pages=e0125605-e0125605&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125605&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA430333416%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1679179163&rft_id=info:pmid/25946148&rft_galeid=A430333416&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_340766490edb472190bab398e9be376e&rfr_iscdi=true |