A novel approach to identifying physical markers of cryo-damage in bull spermatozoa

Cryopreservation is an efficient way to store spermatozoa and plays a critical role in the livestock industry as well as in clinical practice. During cryopreservation, cryo-stress causes substantial damage to spermatozoa. In present study, the effects of cryo-stress at various cryopreservation steps...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0126232-e0126232
Hauptverfasser: Yoon, Sung-Jae, Kwon, Woo-Sung, Rahman, Md Saidur, Lee, June-Sub, Pang, Myung-Geol
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creator Yoon, Sung-Jae
Kwon, Woo-Sung
Rahman, Md Saidur
Lee, June-Sub
Pang, Myung-Geol
description Cryopreservation is an efficient way to store spermatozoa and plays a critical role in the livestock industry as well as in clinical practice. During cryopreservation, cryo-stress causes substantial damage to spermatozoa. In present study, the effects of cryo-stress at various cryopreservation steps, such as dilution / cooling, adding cryoprtectant, and freezing were studied in spermatozoa collected from 9 individual bull testes. The motility (%), motion kinematics, capacitation status, mitochondrial activity, and viability of bovine spermatozoa at each step of the cryopreservation process were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis, Hoechst 33258/chlortetracycline fluorescence, rhodamine 123 staining, and hypo-osmotic swelling test, respectively. The results demonstrate that the cryopreservation steps reduced motility (%), rapid speed (%), and mitochondrial activity, whereas medium/slow speed (%), and the acrosome reaction were increased (P < 0.05). Differences (Δ) of the acrosome reaction were higher in dilution/cooling step (P < 0.05), whereas differences (Δ) of motility, rapid speed, and non-progressive motility were higher in cryoprotectant and freezing as compared to dilution/cooling (P < 0.05). On the other hand, differences (Δ) of mitochondrial activity, viability, and progressive motility were higher in freezing step (P < 0.05) while the difference (Δ) of the acrosome reaction was higher in dilution/cooling (P < 0.05). Based on these results, we propose that freezing / thawing steps are the most critical in cryopreservation and may provide a logical ground of understanding on the cryo-damage. Moreover, these sperm parameters might be used as physical markers of sperm cryo-damage.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0126232
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Differences (Δ) of the acrosome reaction were higher in dilution/cooling step (P &lt; 0.05), whereas differences (Δ) of motility, rapid speed, and non-progressive motility were higher in cryoprotectant and freezing as compared to dilution/cooling (P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, differences (Δ) of mitochondrial activity, viability, and progressive motility were higher in freezing step (P &lt; 0.05) while the difference (Δ) of the acrosome reaction was higher in dilution/cooling (P &lt; 0.05). Based on these results, we propose that freezing / thawing steps are the most critical in cryopreservation and may provide a logical ground of understanding on the cryo-damage. 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Differences (Δ) of the acrosome reaction were higher in dilution/cooling step (P &lt; 0.05), whereas differences (Δ) of motility, rapid speed, and non-progressive motility were higher in cryoprotectant and freezing as compared to dilution/cooling (P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, differences (Δ) of mitochondrial activity, viability, and progressive motility were higher in freezing step (P &lt; 0.05) while the difference (Δ) of the acrosome reaction was higher in dilution/cooling (P &lt; 0.05). Based on these results, we propose that freezing / thawing steps are the most critical in cryopreservation and may provide a logical ground of understanding on the cryo-damage. Moreover, these sperm parameters might be used as physical markers of sperm cryo-damage.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25938413</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0126232</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Acrosome Reaction
Animal sciences
Animals
Biomarkers
Capacitation
Cattle
Chlortetracycline
Cooling
Cooling rate
Cryopreservation
Cryopreservation - methods
Cryoprotectors
Damage detection
Dilution
Fatty acids
Fertility
Fish
Flow Cytometry
Fluorescence
Freezing
Infertility
Kinematics
Livestock
Livestock industry
Male
Markers
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Motility
Nitrogen
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Physiological aspects
Rhodamine
Semen Analysis
Semen Preservation - methods
Sperm
Sperm Motility
Spermatozoa
Spermatozoa - cytology
Spermatozoa - physiology
Testes
Thawing
Viability
Zoology
title A novel approach to identifying physical markers of cryo-damage in bull spermatozoa
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