Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Non-Native Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shanghai
Staphylococcus aureus is one predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), but little information exists regarding the characterization of S. aureus from non-native patients with SSTIs in China. In this study, we enrolled 52 non-native patients with S. aureus SSTIs, and 65 native con...
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description | Staphylococcus aureus is one predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), but little information exists regarding the characterization of S. aureus from non-native patients with SSTIs in China.
In this study, we enrolled 52 non-native patients with S. aureus SSTIs, and 65 native control patients with S. aureus SSTIs in Shanghai. 52 and 65 S. aureus isolates were collected from both groups, respectively. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, toxin gene detection, and molecular typing with sequence type, spa type, agr group and SCCmec type.
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 8 non-native patients and 14 native patients with SSTIs. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients were found higher than those from native patients. CC59 (ST338 and ST59) was found in a total of 14 isolates (4 from non-native patients; 10 from native patients), 9 of which were carrying lukS/F-PV (3 from non-native patients; 6 from native patients). ST7 was found in 12 isolates and all 12 isolates were found in native patients. The livestock-associated clone ST398 was found in 11 isolates (6 from non-native patients; 5 from native patients), and 5 ST398 lukS/F-PV-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were all discovered among non-native patients. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. lukS/F-PV was more frequent in isolates originating from non-native patients with SSTIs compared to native patients (31 vs. 7, P |
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In this study, we enrolled 52 non-native patients with S. aureus SSTIs, and 65 native control patients with S. aureus SSTIs in Shanghai. 52 and 65 S. aureus isolates were collected from both groups, respectively. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, toxin gene detection, and molecular typing with sequence type, spa type, agr group and SCCmec type.
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 8 non-native patients and 14 native patients with SSTIs. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients were found higher than those from native patients. CC59 (ST338 and ST59) was found in a total of 14 isolates (4 from non-native patients; 10 from native patients), 9 of which were carrying lukS/F-PV (3 from non-native patients; 6 from native patients). ST7 was found in 12 isolates and all 12 isolates were found in native patients. The livestock-associated clone ST398 was found in 11 isolates (6 from non-native patients; 5 from native patients), and 5 ST398 lukS/F-PV-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were all discovered among non-native patients. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. lukS/F-PV was more frequent in isolates originating from non-native patients with SSTIs compared to native patients (31 vs. 7, P <0.0001).
CC59 was the most common clonal complex among patients with SSTIs in Shanghai. The other most common sequence types were ST7 and Livestock ST398. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was more likely to carry lukS/F-PV.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123557</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25923531</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Bacterial Toxins - genetics ; China - epidemiology ; Drug resistance ; Epidemiology ; Exotoxins - genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infections ; Leukocidins - genetics ; Livestock ; Male ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance ; Multilocus sequence typing ; Patients ; Skin ; Skin - microbiology ; Soft Tissue Infections - diagnosis ; Soft Tissue Infections - epidemiology ; Soft Tissue Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections - diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections - diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections - epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus aureus - genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification ; Virulence Factors - genetics ; Virulence Factors - isolation & purification</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-04, Vol.10 (4), p.e0123557-e0123557</ispartof><rights>2015 Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Gu et al 2015 Gu et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-43dedefdcfa5dede29f021d1ad62367b5f0a662e1ce9e5be8b6257462d76bffe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-43dedefdcfa5dede29f021d1ad62367b5f0a662e1ce9e5be8b6257462d76bffe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414503/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414503/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923531$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>de Lencastre, Herminia</contributor><creatorcontrib>Gu, Fei-Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Hai-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Yue-Qiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Xiao-Kui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ni, Yu-Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Li-Zhong</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Non-Native Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shanghai</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Staphylococcus aureus is one predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), but little information exists regarding the characterization of S. aureus from non-native patients with SSTIs in China.
In this study, we enrolled 52 non-native patients with S. aureus SSTIs, and 65 native control patients with S. aureus SSTIs in Shanghai. 52 and 65 S. aureus isolates were collected from both groups, respectively. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, toxin gene detection, and molecular typing with sequence type, spa type, agr group and SCCmec type.
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 8 non-native patients and 14 native patients with SSTIs. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients were found higher than those from native patients. CC59 (ST338 and ST59) was found in a total of 14 isolates (4 from non-native patients; 10 from native patients), 9 of which were carrying lukS/F-PV (3 from non-native patients; 6 from native patients). ST7 was found in 12 isolates and all 12 isolates were found in native patients. The livestock-associated clone ST398 was found in 11 isolates (6 from non-native patients; 5 from native patients), and 5 ST398 lukS/F-PV-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were all discovered among non-native patients. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. lukS/F-PV was more frequent in isolates originating from non-native patients with SSTIs compared to native patients (31 vs. 7, P <0.0001).
CC59 was the most common clonal complex among patients with SSTIs in Shanghai. The other most common sequence types were ST7 and Livestock ST398. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was more likely to carry lukS/F-PV.</description><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Bacterial Toxins - genetics</subject><subject>China - epidemiology</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exotoxins - genetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Leukocidins - genetics</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methicillin</subject><subject>Methicillin Resistance</subject><subject>Multilocus sequence typing</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin - microbiology</subject><subject>Soft Tissue Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Soft Tissue Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Soft Tissue Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Skin Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Skin Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Skin Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - isolation & purification</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUsFuEzEQXSEQLYE_QGCJC5eEtb32bi5IKKIQqSpIKWdr1h5nHTZ2sHeLWvHxOE1atYjTjDzvPc88vaJ4TcsZ5TX9sAlj9NDPdsHjrKSMC1E_KU7pnLOpZCV_-qA_KV6ktClLwRspnxcnTMwzntPT4s-igwh6wOhuYHDBk2DJaoBdd90HHbQeE4ExYi7LFHoY0BAbw5ZcBD-9yIwrJN9zQT8k8tsNHVn9dJ6AN2QV7EAuXUojkqW3qPfyieTpqgO_7sC9LJ5Z6BO-OtZJ8ePs8-Xi6_T825fl4tP5VAsmh2nFDRq0RlsQ-47NbcmooWAk47JuhS1BSoZU4xxFi00rmagryUwtW2uRT4q3B91dH5I6GpcUlXWmUZFtmRTLA8IE2KhddFuI1yqAU7cPIa4VxMHpHpWpKyO4AahoVVGkc7B5saZpa0kbyL5Oio_H38Z2i0ZnayL0j0QfT7zr1DpcqSxXiZJngfdHgRh-jZgGtXVJY9-DxzDe7l03TSOkzNB3_0D_f111QOkYUopo75ehpdqH6Y6l9mFSxzBl2puHh9yT7tLD_wJji8uP</recordid><startdate>20150429</startdate><enddate>20150429</enddate><creator>Gu, Fei-Fei</creator><creator>Hou, Qi</creator><creator>Yang, Hai-Hui</creator><creator>Zhu, Yue-Qiu</creator><creator>Guo, Xiao-Kui</creator><creator>Ni, Yu-Xing</creator><creator>Han, Li-Zhong</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150429</creationdate><title>Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Non-Native Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shanghai</title><author>Gu, Fei-Fei ; Hou, Qi ; Yang, Hai-Hui ; Zhu, Yue-Qiu ; Guo, Xiao-Kui ; Ni, Yu-Xing ; Han, Li-Zhong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-43dedefdcfa5dede29f021d1ad62367b5f0a662e1ce9e5be8b6257462d76bffe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Bacterial Toxins - genetics</topic><topic>China - epidemiology</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exotoxins - genetics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Leukocidins - genetics</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methicillin</topic><topic>Methicillin Resistance</topic><topic>Multilocus sequence typing</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin - microbiology</topic><topic>Soft Tissue Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Soft Tissue Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Soft Tissue Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Skin Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Skin Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Skin Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Virulence Factors - genetics</topic><topic>Virulence Factors - isolation & purification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gu, Fei-Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Hai-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Yue-Qiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Xiao-Kui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ni, Yu-Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Li-Zhong</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gu, Fei-Fei</au><au>Hou, Qi</au><au>Yang, Hai-Hui</au><au>Zhu, Yue-Qiu</au><au>Guo, Xiao-Kui</au><au>Ni, Yu-Xing</au><au>Han, Li-Zhong</au><au>de Lencastre, Herminia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Non-Native Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shanghai</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-04-29</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0123557</spage><epage>e0123557</epage><pages>e0123557-e0123557</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Staphylococcus aureus is one predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), but little information exists regarding the characterization of S. aureus from non-native patients with SSTIs in China.
In this study, we enrolled 52 non-native patients with S. aureus SSTIs, and 65 native control patients with S. aureus SSTIs in Shanghai. 52 and 65 S. aureus isolates were collected from both groups, respectively. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, toxin gene detection, and molecular typing with sequence type, spa type, agr group and SCCmec type.
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 8 non-native patients and 14 native patients with SSTIs. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients were found higher than those from native patients. CC59 (ST338 and ST59) was found in a total of 14 isolates (4 from non-native patients; 10 from native patients), 9 of which were carrying lukS/F-PV (3 from non-native patients; 6 from native patients). ST7 was found in 12 isolates and all 12 isolates were found in native patients. The livestock-associated clone ST398 was found in 11 isolates (6 from non-native patients; 5 from native patients), and 5 ST398 lukS/F-PV-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were all discovered among non-native patients. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. lukS/F-PV was more frequent in isolates originating from non-native patients with SSTIs compared to native patients (31 vs. 7, P <0.0001).
CC59 was the most common clonal complex among patients with SSTIs in Shanghai. The other most common sequence types were ST7 and Livestock ST398. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was more likely to carry lukS/F-PV.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25923531</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0123557</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Antiinfectives and antibacterials Bacterial Toxins - genetics China - epidemiology Drug resistance Epidemiology Exotoxins - genetics Female Humans Infections Leukocidins - genetics Livestock Male Methicillin Methicillin Resistance Multilocus sequence typing Patients Skin Skin - microbiology Soft Tissue Infections - diagnosis Soft Tissue Infections - epidemiology Soft Tissue Infections - microbiology Staphylococcal Infections - diagnosis Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcal Skin Infections - diagnosis Staphylococcal Skin Infections - epidemiology Staphylococcal Skin Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - genetics Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification Virulence Factors - genetics Virulence Factors - isolation & purification |
title | Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Non-Native Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shanghai |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-06T17%3A44%3A29IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Characterization%20of%20Staphylococcus%20aureus%20Isolated%20from%20Non-Native%20Patients%20with%20Skin%20and%20Soft%20Tissue%20Infections%20in%20Shanghai&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Gu,%20Fei-Fei&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0123557&rft.epage=e0123557&rft.pages=e0123557-e0123557&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123557&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E3669836871%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1676621505&rft_id=info:pmid/25923531&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_d74d53daa41441e19afcfa88b7618a92&rfr_iscdi=true |