Mineral density volume gradients in normal and diseased human tissues
Clinical computed tomography provides a single mineral density (MD) value for heterogeneous calcified tissues containing early and late stage pathologic formations. The novel aspect of this study is that, it extends current quantitative methods of mapping mineral density gradients to three dimension...
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| creator | Djomehri, Sabra I Candell, Susan Case, Thomas Browning, Alyssa Marshall, Grayson W Yun, Wenbing Lau, S H Webb, Samuel Ho, Sunita P |
| description | Clinical computed tomography provides a single mineral density (MD) value for heterogeneous calcified tissues containing early and late stage pathologic formations. The novel aspect of this study is that, it extends current quantitative methods of mapping mineral density gradients to three dimensions, discretizes early and late mineralized stages, identifies elemental distribution in discretized volumes, and correlates measured MD with respective calcium (Ca) to phosphorus (P) and Ca to zinc (Zn) elemental ratios. To accomplish this, MD variations identified using polychromatic radiation from a high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) benchtop unit were correlated with elemental mapping obtained from a microprobe X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using synchrotron monochromatic radiation. Digital segmentation of tomograms from normal and diseased tissues (N=5 per group; 40-60 year old males) contained significant mineral density variations (enamel: 2820-3095 mg/cc, bone: 570-1415 mg/cc, cementum: 1240-1340 mg/cc, dentin: 1480-1590 mg/cc, cementum affected by periodontitis: 1100-1220 mg/cc, hypomineralized carious dentin: 345-1450 mg/cc, hypermineralized carious dentin: 1815-2740 mg/cc, and dental calculus: 1290-1770 mg/cc). A plausible linear correlation between segmented MD volumes and elemental ratios within these volumes was established, and Ca/P ratios for dentin (1.49), hypomineralized dentin (0.32-0.46), cementum (1.51), and bone (1.68) were observed. Furthermore, varying Ca/Zn ratios were distinguished in adapted compared to normal tissues, such as in bone (855-2765) and in cementum (595-990), highlighting Zn as an influential element in prompting observed adaptive properties. Hence, results provide insights on mineral density gradients with elemental concentrations and elemental footprints that in turn could aid in elucidating mechanistic processes for pathologic formations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0121611 |
| format | Article |
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The novel aspect of this study is that, it extends current quantitative methods of mapping mineral density gradients to three dimensions, discretizes early and late mineralized stages, identifies elemental distribution in discretized volumes, and correlates measured MD with respective calcium (Ca) to phosphorus (P) and Ca to zinc (Zn) elemental ratios. To accomplish this, MD variations identified using polychromatic radiation from a high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) benchtop unit were correlated with elemental mapping obtained from a microprobe X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using synchrotron monochromatic radiation. Digital segmentation of tomograms from normal and diseased tissues (N=5 per group; 40-60 year old males) contained significant mineral density variations (enamel: 2820-3095 mg/cc, bone: 570-1415 mg/cc, cementum: 1240-1340 mg/cc, dentin: 1480-1590 mg/cc, cementum affected by periodontitis: 1100-1220 mg/cc, hypomineralized carious dentin: 345-1450 mg/cc, hypermineralized carious dentin: 1815-2740 mg/cc, and dental calculus: 1290-1770 mg/cc). A plausible linear correlation between segmented MD volumes and elemental ratios within these volumes was established, and Ca/P ratios for dentin (1.49), hypomineralized dentin (0.32-0.46), cementum (1.51), and bone (1.68) were observed. Furthermore, varying Ca/Zn ratios were distinguished in adapted compared to normal tissues, such as in bone (855-2765) and in cementum (595-990), highlighting Zn as an influential element in prompting observed adaptive properties. Hence, results provide insights on mineral density gradients with elemental concentrations and elemental footprints that in turn could aid in elucidating mechanistic processes for pathologic formations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121611</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25856386</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; Bioengineering ; Biomedical materials ; Bone Density - physiology ; Calcinosis - pathology ; Calcium ; Calcium - analysis ; Calculi ; Care and treatment ; Cements ; Cementum ; Complications and side effects ; Computation ; Computed tomography ; Connective tissue ; Correlation analysis ; Density ; Density gradients ; Dental calculi ; Dental calculus ; Dental Calculus - chemistry ; Dental Cementum - chemistry ; Dental enamel ; Dental Enamel - chemistry ; Dentin ; Dentin - chemistry ; Enamel ; Fluorescence ; Human tissues ; Humans ; Male ; Males ; Mapping ; Microscopy ; Middle Aged ; Mineralization ; Monochromatic radiation ; Periodontal diseases ; Periodontitis ; Phosphorus ; Phosphorus - analysis ; Radiation ; Segmentation ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Studies ; Teeth ; Tissues ; Tomography ; X ray fluorescence ; X-Ray Microtomography - methods ; X-ray spectroscopy ; Zinc ; Zinc - analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-04, Vol.10 (4), p.e0121611-e0121611</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Djomehri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Djomehri et al 2015 Djomehri et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c719t-c9644b12274a10b91ce70f19b3e08e40a72930d73c7209b06f662f114e8d64043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c719t-c9644b12274a10b91ce70f19b3e08e40a72930d73c7209b06f662f114e8d64043</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391782/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391782/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856386$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1201659$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Djomehri, Sabra I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Candell, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Case, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Browning, Alyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Grayson W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun, Wenbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, S H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webb, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Sunita P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Mineral density volume gradients in normal and diseased human tissues</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Clinical computed tomography provides a single mineral density (MD) value for heterogeneous calcified tissues containing early and late stage pathologic formations. The novel aspect of this study is that, it extends current quantitative methods of mapping mineral density gradients to three dimensions, discretizes early and late mineralized stages, identifies elemental distribution in discretized volumes, and correlates measured MD with respective calcium (Ca) to phosphorus (P) and Ca to zinc (Zn) elemental ratios. To accomplish this, MD variations identified using polychromatic radiation from a high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) benchtop unit were correlated with elemental mapping obtained from a microprobe X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using synchrotron monochromatic radiation. Digital segmentation of tomograms from normal and diseased tissues (N=5 per group; 40-60 year old males) contained significant mineral density variations (enamel: 2820-3095 mg/cc, bone: 570-1415 mg/cc, cementum: 1240-1340 mg/cc, dentin: 1480-1590 mg/cc, cementum affected by periodontitis: 1100-1220 mg/cc, hypomineralized carious dentin: 345-1450 mg/cc, hypermineralized carious dentin: 1815-2740 mg/cc, and dental calculus: 1290-1770 mg/cc). A plausible linear correlation between segmented MD volumes and elemental ratios within these volumes was established, and Ca/P ratios for dentin (1.49), hypomineralized dentin (0.32-0.46), cementum (1.51), and bone (1.68) were observed. Furthermore, varying Ca/Zn ratios were distinguished in adapted compared to normal tissues, such as in bone (855-2765) and in cementum (595-990), highlighting Zn as an influential element in prompting observed adaptive properties. Hence, results provide insights on mineral density gradients with elemental concentrations and elemental footprints that in turn could aid in elucidating mechanistic processes for pathologic formations.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Bone Density - physiology</subject><subject>Calcinosis - pathology</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium - analysis</subject><subject>Calculi</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cements</subject><subject>Cementum</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Computation</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Connective tissue</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Density gradients</subject><subject>Dental calculi</subject><subject>Dental calculus</subject><subject>Dental Calculus - chemistry</subject><subject>Dental Cementum - chemistry</subject><subject>Dental enamel</subject><subject>Dental Enamel - chemistry</subject><subject>Dentin</subject><subject>Dentin - chemistry</subject><subject>Enamel</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Human tissues</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mapping</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Monochromatic radiation</subject><subject>Periodontal diseases</subject><subject>Periodontitis</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Phosphorus - analysis</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Segmentation</subject><subject>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Teeth</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>X ray fluorescence</subject><subject>X-Ray Microtomography - methods</subject><subject>X-ray spectroscopy</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zinc - analysis</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11vFCEUhidGY2v1HxidaGLqxa4cYJjhxqRpat2kpolft4RlzuyymYF1YBr772XdabNjeiFcQOA5L4cXTpa9BDIHVsKHjR96p9v51jucE6AgAB5lxyAZnQlK2OOD-VH2LIQNIQWrhHiaHdGiKkSaH2cXX6zDXrd5jS7YeJvf-HboMF_1urboYsity53vu4RoV-e1DagD1vl66LTLow1hwPA8e9LoNuCLcTzJfny6-H7-eXZ1fbk4P7uamRJknBkpOF8CpSXXQJYSDJakAblkSCrkRJdUMlKXzJSUyCURjRC0AeBY1YITzk6y13vdbeuDGh0ICsSO50JAIhZ7ovZ6o7a97XR_q7y26u-C71dK99GaFpWmqdVUVBUUHAClMIw2jZFokDVFkbQ-jqcNyw5rk-xITk1EpzvOrtXK3yjOJJQVTQJv9gI-RKuCsRHN2njn0EQFlIAoZIJOx1N6_yt5GVVng8G21Q79sL-cIIUku4Te_oM-bMFIrXS6pXWNT8mZnag648lgWlFCEjV_gEq9xs6mHLGxaX0S8H4SkJiIv-NKDyGoxbev_89e_5yy7w7YNeo2rkP6hNF6F6Yg34Om9yH02Ny_BBC1K4k7N9SuJNRYEins1eEr3gfd1QD7Ay82A0w</recordid><startdate>20150409</startdate><enddate>20150409</enddate><creator>Djomehri, Sabra I</creator><creator>Candell, Susan</creator><creator>Case, Thomas</creator><creator>Browning, Alyssa</creator><creator>Marshall, Grayson W</creator><creator>Yun, Wenbing</creator><creator>Lau, S H</creator><creator>Webb, Samuel</creator><creator>Ho, Sunita P</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150409</creationdate><title>Mineral density volume gradients in normal and diseased human tissues</title><author>Djomehri, Sabra I ; Candell, Susan ; Case, Thomas ; Browning, Alyssa ; Marshall, Grayson W ; Yun, Wenbing ; Lau, S H ; Webb, Samuel ; Ho, Sunita P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c719t-c9644b12274a10b91ce70f19b3e08e40a72930d73c7209b06f662f114e8d64043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>Bioengineering</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Bone Density - 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analysis</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Segmentation</topic><topic>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Teeth</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><topic>X ray fluorescence</topic><topic>X-Ray Microtomography - methods</topic><topic>X-ray spectroscopy</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>Zinc - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Djomehri, Sabra I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Candell, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Case, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Browning, Alyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Grayson W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun, Wenbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, S H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webb, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Sunita P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Djomehri, Sabra I</au><au>Candell, Susan</au><au>Case, Thomas</au><au>Browning, Alyssa</au><au>Marshall, Grayson W</au><au>Yun, Wenbing</au><au>Lau, S H</au><au>Webb, Samuel</au><au>Ho, Sunita P</au><aucorp>SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mineral density volume gradients in normal and diseased human tissues</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-04-09</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0121611</spage><epage>e0121611</epage><pages>e0121611-e0121611</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Clinical computed tomography provides a single mineral density (MD) value for heterogeneous calcified tissues containing early and late stage pathologic formations. The novel aspect of this study is that, it extends current quantitative methods of mapping mineral density gradients to three dimensions, discretizes early and late mineralized stages, identifies elemental distribution in discretized volumes, and correlates measured MD with respective calcium (Ca) to phosphorus (P) and Ca to zinc (Zn) elemental ratios. To accomplish this, MD variations identified using polychromatic radiation from a high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) benchtop unit were correlated with elemental mapping obtained from a microprobe X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using synchrotron monochromatic radiation. Digital segmentation of tomograms from normal and diseased tissues (N=5 per group; 40-60 year old males) contained significant mineral density variations (enamel: 2820-3095 mg/cc, bone: 570-1415 mg/cc, cementum: 1240-1340 mg/cc, dentin: 1480-1590 mg/cc, cementum affected by periodontitis: 1100-1220 mg/cc, hypomineralized carious dentin: 345-1450 mg/cc, hypermineralized carious dentin: 1815-2740 mg/cc, and dental calculus: 1290-1770 mg/cc). A plausible linear correlation between segmented MD volumes and elemental ratios within these volumes was established, and Ca/P ratios for dentin (1.49), hypomineralized dentin (0.32-0.46), cementum (1.51), and bone (1.68) were observed. Furthermore, varying Ca/Zn ratios were distinguished in adapted compared to normal tissues, such as in bone (855-2765) and in cementum (595-990), highlighting Zn as an influential element in prompting observed adaptive properties. Hence, results provide insights on mineral density gradients with elemental concentrations and elemental footprints that in turn could aid in elucidating mechanistic processes for pathologic formations.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25856386</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0121611</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1672094661 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Age BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Bioengineering Biomedical materials Bone Density - physiology Calcinosis - pathology Calcium Calcium - analysis Calculi Care and treatment Cements Cementum Complications and side effects Computation Computed tomography Connective tissue Correlation analysis Density Density gradients Dental calculi Dental calculus Dental Calculus - chemistry Dental Cementum - chemistry Dental enamel Dental Enamel - chemistry Dentin Dentin - chemistry Enamel Fluorescence Human tissues Humans Male Males Mapping Microscopy Middle Aged Mineralization Monochromatic radiation Periodontal diseases Periodontitis Phosphorus Phosphorus - analysis Radiation Segmentation Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission Studies Teeth Tissues Tomography X ray fluorescence X-Ray Microtomography - methods X-ray spectroscopy Zinc Zinc - analysis |
| title | Mineral density volume gradients in normal and diseased human tissues |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-10T02%3A42%3A39IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mineral%20density%20volume%20gradients%20in%20normal%20and%20diseased%20human%20tissues&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Djomehri,%20Sabra%20I&rft.aucorp=SLAC%20National%20Accelerator%20Laboratory%20(SLAC),%20Menlo%20Park,%20CA%20(United%20States)&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0121611&rft.epage=e0121611&rft.pages=e0121611-e0121611&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121611&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA429328200%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1672094661&rft_id=info:pmid/25856386&rft_galeid=A429328200&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_a2222d268815411e96c32ffc9ece3f55&rfr_iscdi=true |