Health gain by salt reduction in europe: a modelling study
Excessive salt intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Salt intake exceeds the World Health Organization population nutrition goal of 5 grams per day in the European region. We assessed the health impact of salt reduction in nine European countries (Finland, France, Irela...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0118873-e0118873 |
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| description | Excessive salt intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Salt intake exceeds the World Health Organization population nutrition goal of 5 grams per day in the European region. We assessed the health impact of salt reduction in nine European countries (Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Through literature research we obtained current salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of the nine countries. The population health modeling tool DYNAMO-HIA including country-specific disease data was used to predict the changes in prevalence of ischemic heart disease and stroke for each country estimating the effect of salt reduction through its effect on blood pressure levels. A 30% salt reduction would reduce the prevalence of stroke by 6.4% in Finland to 13.5% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would be decreased by 4.1% in Finland to 8.9% in Poland. When salt intake is reduced to the WHO population nutrient goal, it would reduce the prevalence of stroke from 10.1% in Finland to 23.1% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would decrease by 6.6% in Finland to 15.5% in Poland. The number of postponed deaths would be 102,100 (0.9%) in France, and 191,300 (2.3%) in Poland. A reduction of salt intake to 5 grams per day is expected to substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality in several European countries. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0118873 |
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Salt intake exceeds the World Health Organization population nutrition goal of 5 grams per day in the European region. We assessed the health impact of salt reduction in nine European countries (Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Through literature research we obtained current salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of the nine countries. The population health modeling tool DYNAMO-HIA including country-specific disease data was used to predict the changes in prevalence of ischemic heart disease and stroke for each country estimating the effect of salt reduction through its effect on blood pressure levels. A 30% salt reduction would reduce the prevalence of stroke by 6.4% in Finland to 13.5% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would be decreased by 4.1% in Finland to 8.9% in Poland. When salt intake is reduced to the WHO population nutrient goal, it would reduce the prevalence of stroke from 10.1% in Finland to 23.1% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would decrease by 6.6% in Finland to 15.5% in Poland. The number of postponed deaths would be 102,100 (0.9%) in France, and 191,300 (2.3%) in Poland. A reduction of salt intake to 5 grams per day is expected to substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality in several European countries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118873</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25826317</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>adults ; Age ; Analysis ; Blood ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Coronary artery disease ; cost-effectiveness ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; dietary-sodium intake ; Disease prevention ; Europe ; h urinary sodium ; Health ; Health services ; Health Status ; Heart diseases ; Heart failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; interventions ; Iodine ; Ischemia ; Models, Statistical ; Mortality ; Nutrition ; Nutrition research ; Population ; Pressure distribution ; Pressure effects ; Prevalence ; prevention ; Public health ; Public Health Surveillance ; Reduction ; risk ; Salts ; Sodium ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Stroke ; Studies ; Urine</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0118873-e0118873</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Hendriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Hendriksen et al 2015 Hendriksen et al</rights><rights>Wageningen University & Research</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-69b0af2738d9e6ffaf05227a3d3ef71fc1f43aad35fce197c2552c5a285d56c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-69b0af2738d9e6ffaf05227a3d3ef71fc1f43aad35fce197c2552c5a285d56c73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380413/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380413/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25826317$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Gorlova, Olga Y</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hendriksen, Marieke A H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Raaij, Joop M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geleijnse, Johanna M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breda, Joao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boshuizen, Hendriek C</creatorcontrib><title>Health gain by salt reduction in europe: a modelling study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Excessive salt intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Salt intake exceeds the World Health Organization population nutrition goal of 5 grams per day in the European region. We assessed the health impact of salt reduction in nine European countries (Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Through literature research we obtained current salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of the nine countries. The population health modeling tool DYNAMO-HIA including country-specific disease data was used to predict the changes in prevalence of ischemic heart disease and stroke for each country estimating the effect of salt reduction through its effect on blood pressure levels. A 30% salt reduction would reduce the prevalence of stroke by 6.4% in Finland to 13.5% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would be decreased by 4.1% in Finland to 8.9% in Poland. When salt intake is reduced to the WHO population nutrient goal, it would reduce the prevalence of stroke from 10.1% in Finland to 23.1% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would decrease by 6.6% in Finland to 15.5% in Poland. The number of postponed deaths would be 102,100 (0.9%) in France, and 191,300 (2.3%) in Poland. A reduction of salt intake to 5 grams per day is expected to substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality in several European countries.</description><subject>adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Coronary artery disease</subject><subject>cost-effectiveness</subject><subject>Diet, Sodium-Restricted</subject><subject>dietary-sodium intake</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>h urinary sodium</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Heart failure</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>interventions</subject><subject>Iodine</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Pressure distribution</subject><subject>Pressure effects</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>prevention</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public Health Surveillance</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride, Dietary</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Urine</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk99v0zAQxyMEYmPwHyCIhITgocWO7TjuA9I0Aas0aRK_Xi3HOaeeUrvYCaP_PU6bTS3aA8qDk8vnvvne5S7LXmI0x4TjDzd-CE518413MEcYVxUnj7JTLEgxKwtEHh_cn2TPYrxBiJGqLJ9mJwWripJgfpotLkF1_SpvlXV5vc1jesoDNIPurXd5CsIQ_AYWucrXvoGus67NYz802-fZE6O6CC-m8yz78fnT94vL2dX1l-XF-dVMc0r6WSlqpEzBSdUIKI1RBrGi4Io0BAzHRmNDiVINYUYDFlwXjBWaqaJiDSs1J2fZ673upvNRTmVHicuSC0arqkrEck80Xt3ITbBrFbbSKyt3AR9aqUJvdQcS1YALwgiDGlEshKh5Y0xtWHJCBYWktdhr3aoWXCoWnHQqaBt3gp2twyh-OwTpuvHYDHWUVKBSjFY_TlaHeg2NBtcH1R05On7j7Eq2_rekpEp2SBJ4NwkE_2uA2Mu1jTp1XTnww65oQWnFOUrom3_Qh1szUa1K1VtnfPquHkXlOcWUEE7L0ff8ASpdDaytTgNmbIofJbw_SkhMD3_6Vg0xyuW3r__PXv88Zt8esKvdbEbfDeMwxmOQ7kEdfIwBzH2TMZLjftx1Q477Iaf9SGmvDn_QfdLdQpC_R_ALKQ</recordid><startdate>20150331</startdate><enddate>20150331</enddate><creator>Hendriksen, 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A</au><au>Geleijnse, Johanna M</au><au>Breda, Joao</au><au>Boshuizen, Hendriek C</au><au>Gorlova, Olga Y</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Health gain by salt reduction in europe: a modelling study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-03-31</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0118873</spage><epage>e0118873</epage><pages>e0118873-e0118873</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Excessive salt intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Salt intake exceeds the World Health Organization population nutrition goal of 5 grams per day in the European region. We assessed the health impact of salt reduction in nine European countries (Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Through literature research we obtained current salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of the nine countries. The population health modeling tool DYNAMO-HIA including country-specific disease data was used to predict the changes in prevalence of ischemic heart disease and stroke for each country estimating the effect of salt reduction through its effect on blood pressure levels. A 30% salt reduction would reduce the prevalence of stroke by 6.4% in Finland to 13.5% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would be decreased by 4.1% in Finland to 8.9% in Poland. When salt intake is reduced to the WHO population nutrient goal, it would reduce the prevalence of stroke from 10.1% in Finland to 23.1% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would decrease by 6.6% in Finland to 15.5% in Poland. The number of postponed deaths would be 102,100 (0.9%) in France, and 191,300 (2.3%) in Poland. A reduction of salt intake to 5 grams per day is expected to substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality in several European countries.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25826317</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0118873</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | adults Age Analysis Blood Blood Pressure Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Coronary artery disease cost-effectiveness Diet, Sodium-Restricted dietary-sodium intake Disease prevention Europe h urinary sodium Health Health services Health Status Heart diseases Heart failure Humans Hypertension interventions Iodine Ischemia Models, Statistical Mortality Nutrition Nutrition research Population Pressure distribution Pressure effects Prevalence prevention Public health Public Health Surveillance Reduction risk Salts Sodium Sodium Chloride, Dietary Stroke Studies Urine |
| title | Health gain by salt reduction in europe: a modelling study |
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