A resorbable antibiotic-eluting polymer composite bone void filler for perioperative infection prevention in a rabbit radial defect model

Nearly 1.3 million total joint replacement procedures are performed in the United States annually, with numbers projected to rise exponentially in the coming decades. Although finite infection rates for these procedures remain consistently low, device-related infections represent a significant cause...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0118696-e0118696
Hauptverfasser: Brooks, Benjamin D, Sinclair, Kristofer D, Grainger, David W, Brooks, Amanda E
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Sinclair, Kristofer D
Grainger, David W
Brooks, Amanda E
description Nearly 1.3 million total joint replacement procedures are performed in the United States annually, with numbers projected to rise exponentially in the coming decades. Although finite infection rates for these procedures remain consistently low, device-related infections represent a significant cause of implant failure, requiring secondary or revision procedures. Revision procedures manifest several-fold higher infection recurrence rates. Importantly, many revision surgeries, infected or not, require bone void fillers to support the host bone and provide a sufficient tissue bed for new hardware placement. Antibiotic-eluting bone void fillers (ABVF), providing both osteoconductive and antimicrobial properties, represent one approach for reducing rates of orthopedic device-related infections. Using a solvent-free, molten-cast process, a polymer-controlled antibiotic-eluting calcium carbonate hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic composite BVF (ABVF) was fabricated, characterized, and evaluated in vivo using a bacterial challenge in a rabbit radial defect window model. ABVF loaded with tobramycin eliminated the infectious burden in rabbits challenged with a clinically relevant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (inoculum as high as 10⁷ CFU). Histological, microbiological, and radiographic methods were used to detail the effects of ABVF on microbial challenge to host bone after 8 weeks in vivo. In contrast to the HAP/BVF controls, which provided no antibiotic protection and required euthanasia 3 weeks post-operatively, tobramycin-releasing ABVF animals showed no signs of infection (clinical, microbiological, or radiographic) when euthanized at the 8-week study endpoint. ABVF sites did exhibit fibrous encapsulation around the implant at 8 weeks. Local antibiotic release from ABVF to orthopedic sites requiring bone void fillers eliminated the periprosthetic bacterial challenge in this 8-week in vivo study, confirming previous in vitro results.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0118696
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Although finite infection rates for these procedures remain consistently low, device-related infections represent a significant cause of implant failure, requiring secondary or revision procedures. Revision procedures manifest several-fold higher infection recurrence rates. Importantly, many revision surgeries, infected or not, require bone void fillers to support the host bone and provide a sufficient tissue bed for new hardware placement. Antibiotic-eluting bone void fillers (ABVF), providing both osteoconductive and antimicrobial properties, represent one approach for reducing rates of orthopedic device-related infections. Using a solvent-free, molten-cast process, a polymer-controlled antibiotic-eluting calcium carbonate hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic composite BVF (ABVF) was fabricated, characterized, and evaluated in vivo using a bacterial challenge in a rabbit radial defect window model. 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Although finite infection rates for these procedures remain consistently low, device-related infections represent a significant cause of implant failure, requiring secondary or revision procedures. Revision procedures manifest several-fold higher infection recurrence rates. Importantly, many revision surgeries, infected or not, require bone void fillers to support the host bone and provide a sufficient tissue bed for new hardware placement. Antibiotic-eluting bone void fillers (ABVF), providing both osteoconductive and antimicrobial properties, represent one approach for reducing rates of orthopedic device-related infections. Using a solvent-free, molten-cast process, a polymer-controlled antibiotic-eluting calcium carbonate hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic composite BVF (ABVF) was fabricated, characterized, and evaluated in vivo using a bacterial challenge in a rabbit radial defect window model. ABVF loaded with tobramycin eliminated the infectious burden in rabbits challenged with a clinically relevant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (inoculum as high as 10⁷ CFU). Histological, microbiological, and radiographic methods were used to detail the effects of ABVF on microbial challenge to host bone after 8 weeks in vivo. In contrast to the HAP/BVF controls, which provided no antibiotic protection and required euthanasia 3 weeks post-operatively, tobramycin-releasing ABVF animals showed no signs of infection (clinical, microbiological, or radiographic) when euthanized at the 8-week study endpoint. ABVF sites did exhibit fibrous encapsulation around the implant at 8 weeks. Local antibiotic release from ABVF to orthopedic sites requiring bone void fillers eliminated the periprosthetic bacterial challenge in this 8-week in vivo study, confirming previous in vitro results.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25815727</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0118696</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Analysis
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Antibacterial agents
Antibiotics
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Bone Substitutes - chemistry
Bones
Calcium
Calcium carbonate
Calcium Carbonate - chemistry
Ceramics - chemistry
Composite materials
Defects
Drug resistance
Durapatite - chemistry
Euthanasia
Fillers
Health aspects
Hydroxyapatite
Hydroxyapatites
Hypotheses
In vivo methods and tests
Infection
Infections
Inoculum
Joint surgery
Microorganisms
Osteoconduction
Perioperative Period
Pharmaceutical sciences
Polymer industry
Polymer matrix composites
Polymers
Polymers - chemistry
Prosthesis-Related Infections - diagnostic imaging
Prosthesis-Related Infections - pathology
Prosthesis-Related Infections - prevention & control
Rabbits
Radiography
Radius - diagnostic imaging
Radius - drug effects
Radius - pathology
Radius - surgery
Revisions
Skin & tissue grafts
Staphylococcal Infections - diagnostic imaging
Staphylococcal Infections - pathology
Staphylococcal Infections - prevention & control
Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects
Staphylococcus aureus - physiology
Surgical implants
Tissue engineering
Tobramycin
Tobramycin - pharmacology
Transplants & implants
title A resorbable antibiotic-eluting polymer composite bone void filler for perioperative infection prevention in a rabbit radial defect model
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