Widening consumer access to medicines: a comparison of prescription to non-prescription medicine switch in Australia and New Zealand
Despite similarities in health systems and Trans-Tasman Harmonization of medicines scheduling, New Zealand is more active than Australia in 'switching' (reclassifying) medicines from prescription to non-prescription. To identify and compare enablers and barriers to switch in New Zealand an...
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| creator | Gauld, Natalie J Kelly, Fiona S Emmerton, Lynne M Buetow, Stephen A |
| description | Despite similarities in health systems and Trans-Tasman Harmonization of medicines scheduling, New Zealand is more active than Australia in 'switching' (reclassifying) medicines from prescription to non-prescription.
To identify and compare enablers and barriers to switch in New Zealand and Australia.
We conducted and analyzed 27 in-depth personal interviews with key participants in NZ and Australia and international participants previously located in Australia, and analyzed records of meetings considering switches (2000-2013). Analysis of both sets of data entailed a heuristic qualitative approach that embraced the lead researcher's knowledge and experience.
The key themes identified were conservatism and political influences in Australia, and an open attitude, proactivity and flexibility in NZ. Pharmacist-only medicine schedules and individuals holding a progressive attitude were proposed to facilitate switch in both countries. A pharmacy retail group drove many switches in NZ ('third-party switch'), unlike Australia. Barriers to switch in both countries included small market sizes, funding of prescription medicines and cost of doctor visits, and lack of market exclusivity. In Australia, advertising limitations for pharmacist-only medicines reportedly discouraged industry from submitting switch applications. Perceptions of pharmacy performance could help or hinder switches.
Committee and regulator openness to switch, and confidence in pharmacy appear to influence consumer access to medicines. The pharmacist-only medicine schedule in Australasia and the rise of third-party switch and flexibility in switch in NZ could be considered elsewhere to enable switch. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0119011 |
| format | Article |
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To identify and compare enablers and barriers to switch in New Zealand and Australia.
We conducted and analyzed 27 in-depth personal interviews with key participants in NZ and Australia and international participants previously located in Australia, and analyzed records of meetings considering switches (2000-2013). Analysis of both sets of data entailed a heuristic qualitative approach that embraced the lead researcher's knowledge and experience.
The key themes identified were conservatism and political influences in Australia, and an open attitude, proactivity and flexibility in NZ. Pharmacist-only medicine schedules and individuals holding a progressive attitude were proposed to facilitate switch in both countries. A pharmacy retail group drove many switches in NZ ('third-party switch'), unlike Australia. Barriers to switch in both countries included small market sizes, funding of prescription medicines and cost of doctor visits, and lack of market exclusivity. In Australia, advertising limitations for pharmacist-only medicines reportedly discouraged industry from submitting switch applications. Perceptions of pharmacy performance could help or hinder switches.
Committee and regulator openness to switch, and confidence in pharmacy appear to influence consumer access to medicines. The pharmacist-only medicine schedule in Australasia and the rise of third-party switch and flexibility in switch in NZ could be considered elsewhere to enable switch.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25785589</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Accountability ; Australia ; Committees ; Consumers ; Decision making ; Drug dosages ; Drug Prescriptions - statistics & numerical data ; Drug stores ; Drug Substitution - economics ; Drug Substitution - statistics & numerical data ; Drugstores ; Flexibility ; Forecasts and trends ; Humans ; Lead ; Markets ; Medicine ; Neck pain ; New Zealand ; Nonprescription drugs ; Nonprescription Drugs - economics ; Nonprescription Drugs - supply & distribution ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacists - psychology ; Pharmacy ; Politics ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' - statistics & numerical data ; Prescription Drugs - economics ; Prescription Drugs - supply & distribution ; Prescriptions (Drugs) ; Primary care ; Public health ; Qualitative analysis ; Schedules ; Scheduling ; Studies ; Switches ; Task forces ; Widening</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0119011-e0119011</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Gauld et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Gauld et al 2015 Gauld et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3b4c0411230aa5d9f7ea6f292e3ea271873fb29a80894b4f89367aeda1e505303</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3b4c0411230aa5d9f7ea6f292e3ea271873fb29a80894b4f89367aeda1e505303</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364766/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364766/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785589$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Marsh, Vicki</contributor><creatorcontrib>Gauld, Natalie J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelly, Fiona S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emmerton, Lynne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buetow, Stephen A</creatorcontrib><title>Widening consumer access to medicines: a comparison of prescription to non-prescription medicine switch in Australia and New Zealand</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Despite similarities in health systems and Trans-Tasman Harmonization of medicines scheduling, New Zealand is more active than Australia in 'switching' (reclassifying) medicines from prescription to non-prescription.
To identify and compare enablers and barriers to switch in New Zealand and Australia.
We conducted and analyzed 27 in-depth personal interviews with key participants in NZ and Australia and international participants previously located in Australia, and analyzed records of meetings considering switches (2000-2013). Analysis of both sets of data entailed a heuristic qualitative approach that embraced the lead researcher's knowledge and experience.
The key themes identified were conservatism and political influences in Australia, and an open attitude, proactivity and flexibility in NZ. Pharmacist-only medicine schedules and individuals holding a progressive attitude were proposed to facilitate switch in both countries. A pharmacy retail group drove many switches in NZ ('third-party switch'), unlike Australia. Barriers to switch in both countries included small market sizes, funding of prescription medicines and cost of doctor visits, and lack of market exclusivity. In Australia, advertising limitations for pharmacist-only medicines reportedly discouraged industry from submitting switch applications. Perceptions of pharmacy performance could help or hinder switches.
Committee and regulator openness to switch, and confidence in pharmacy appear to influence consumer access to medicines. The pharmacist-only medicine schedule in Australasia and the rise of third-party switch and flexibility in switch in NZ could be considered elsewhere to enable switch.</description><subject>Accountability</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Committees</subject><subject>Consumers</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Drug Prescriptions - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Drug stores</subject><subject>Drug Substitution - economics</subject><subject>Drug Substitution - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Drugstores</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Forecasts and trends</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Markets</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Neck pain</subject><subject>New Zealand</subject><subject>Nonprescription drugs</subject><subject>Nonprescription Drugs - economics</subject><subject>Nonprescription Drugs - supply & distribution</subject><subject>Pharmacists</subject><subject>Pharmacists - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gauld, Natalie J</au><au>Kelly, Fiona S</au><au>Emmerton, Lynne M</au><au>Buetow, Stephen A</au><au>Marsh, Vicki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Widening consumer access to medicines: a comparison of prescription to non-prescription medicine switch in Australia and New Zealand</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-03-18</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0119011</spage><epage>e0119011</epage><pages>e0119011-e0119011</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Despite similarities in health systems and Trans-Tasman Harmonization of medicines scheduling, New Zealand is more active than Australia in 'switching' (reclassifying) medicines from prescription to non-prescription.
To identify and compare enablers and barriers to switch in New Zealand and Australia.
We conducted and analyzed 27 in-depth personal interviews with key participants in NZ and Australia and international participants previously located in Australia, and analyzed records of meetings considering switches (2000-2013). Analysis of both sets of data entailed a heuristic qualitative approach that embraced the lead researcher's knowledge and experience.
The key themes identified were conservatism and political influences in Australia, and an open attitude, proactivity and flexibility in NZ. Pharmacist-only medicine schedules and individuals holding a progressive attitude were proposed to facilitate switch in both countries. A pharmacy retail group drove many switches in NZ ('third-party switch'), unlike Australia. Barriers to switch in both countries included small market sizes, funding of prescription medicines and cost of doctor visits, and lack of market exclusivity. In Australia, advertising limitations for pharmacist-only medicines reportedly discouraged industry from submitting switch applications. Perceptions of pharmacy performance could help or hinder switches.
Committee and regulator openness to switch, and confidence in pharmacy appear to influence consumer access to medicines. The pharmacist-only medicine schedule in Australasia and the rise of third-party switch and flexibility in switch in NZ could be considered elsewhere to enable switch.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25785589</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0119011</doi><tpages>e0119011</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Accountability Australia Committees Consumers Decision making Drug dosages Drug Prescriptions - statistics & numerical data Drug stores Drug Substitution - economics Drug Substitution - statistics & numerical data Drugstores Flexibility Forecasts and trends Humans Lead Markets Medicine Neck pain New Zealand Nonprescription drugs Nonprescription Drugs - economics Nonprescription Drugs - supply & distribution Pharmacists Pharmacists - psychology Pharmacy Politics Practice Patterns, Physicians' - statistics & numerical data Prescription Drugs - economics Prescription Drugs - supply & distribution Prescriptions (Drugs) Primary care Public health Qualitative analysis Schedules Scheduling Studies Switches Task forces Widening |
| title | Widening consumer access to medicines: a comparison of prescription to non-prescription medicine switch in Australia and New Zealand |
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