A novel video tracking method to evaluate the effect of influenza infection and antiviral treatment on ferret activity
Ferrets are the preferred animal model to assess influenza virus infection, virulence and transmission as they display similar clinical symptoms and pathogenesis to those of humans. Measures of disease severity in the ferret include weight loss, temperature rise, sneezing, viral shedding and reduced...
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| description | Ferrets are the preferred animal model to assess influenza virus infection, virulence and transmission as they display similar clinical symptoms and pathogenesis to those of humans. Measures of disease severity in the ferret include weight loss, temperature rise, sneezing, viral shedding and reduced activity. To date, the only available method for activity measurement has been the assignment of an arbitrary score by a 'blind' observer based on pre-defined responsiveness scale. This manual scoring method is subjective and can be prone to bias. In this study, we described a novel video-tracking methodology for determining activity changes in a ferret model of influenza infection. This method eliminates the various limitations of manual scoring, which include the need for a sole 'blind' observer and the requirement to recognise the 'normal' activity of ferrets in order to assign relative activity scores. In ferrets infected with an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, video-tracking was more sensitive than manual scoring in detecting ferret activity changes. Using this video-tracking method, oseltamivir treatment was found to ameliorate the effect of influenza infection on activity in ferret. Oseltamivir treatment of animals was associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms, including reduced inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract, lower body weight loss and a smaller rise in body temperature, despite there being no significant reduction in viral shedding. In summary, this novel video-tracking is an easy-to-use, objective and sensitive methodology for measuring ferret activity. |
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Measures of disease severity in the ferret include weight loss, temperature rise, sneezing, viral shedding and reduced activity. To date, the only available method for activity measurement has been the assignment of an arbitrary score by a 'blind' observer based on pre-defined responsiveness scale. This manual scoring method is subjective and can be prone to bias. In this study, we described a novel video-tracking methodology for determining activity changes in a ferret model of influenza infection. This method eliminates the various limitations of manual scoring, which include the need for a sole 'blind' observer and the requirement to recognise the 'normal' activity of ferrets in order to assign relative activity scores. In ferrets infected with an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, video-tracking was more sensitive than manual scoring in detecting ferret activity changes. Using this video-tracking method, oseltamivir treatment was found to ameliorate the effect of influenza infection on activity in ferret. Oseltamivir treatment of animals was associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms, including reduced inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract, lower body weight loss and a smaller rise in body temperature, despite there being no significant reduction in viral shedding. In summary, this novel video-tracking is an easy-to-use, objective and sensitive methodology for measuring ferret activity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118780</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25738900</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animal models ; Animals ; Antiviral agents ; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Antiviral drugs ; Avian flu ; Behavior ; Behavior, Animal - drug effects ; Body temperature ; Body weight ; Body weight loss ; Change detection ; Churchill, Victoria ; Disease ; Drug therapy ; Female ; Ferrets - virology ; Glycoproteins ; Health aspects ; Infections ; Inflammation ; Influenza ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology ; Male ; Methods ; Neurosciences ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - drug therapy ; Oseltamivir ; Oseltamivir - pharmacology ; Oseltamivir - therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pathogenesis ; Prevention ; Respiratory tract ; Scoring ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Shedding ; Sneezing ; Studies ; Temperature ; Temperature rise ; Tracking ; Vaccines ; Video server software ; Virology ; Virulence ; Viruses ; Weight loss measurement ; Weight reduction</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0118780-e0118780</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Oh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Oh et al 2015 Oh et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6a91b9514e2d627160fa1ac071ff3417d83353ae5335ee757929e0ac1f02239d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6a91b9514e2d627160fa1ac071ff3417d83353ae5335ee757929e0ac1f02239d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349809/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349809/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738900$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Tompkins, Stephen Mark</contributor><creatorcontrib>Oh, Ding Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barr, Ian G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hurt, Aeron C</creatorcontrib><title>A novel video tracking method to evaluate the effect of influenza infection and antiviral treatment on ferret activity</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Ferrets are the preferred animal model to assess influenza virus infection, virulence and transmission as they display similar clinical symptoms and pathogenesis to those of humans. Measures of disease severity in the ferret include weight loss, temperature rise, sneezing, viral shedding and reduced activity. To date, the only available method for activity measurement has been the assignment of an arbitrary score by a 'blind' observer based on pre-defined responsiveness scale. This manual scoring method is subjective and can be prone to bias. In this study, we described a novel video-tracking methodology for determining activity changes in a ferret model of influenza infection. This method eliminates the various limitations of manual scoring, which include the need for a sole 'blind' observer and the requirement to recognise the 'normal' activity of ferrets in order to assign relative activity scores. In ferrets infected with an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, video-tracking was more sensitive than manual scoring in detecting ferret activity changes. Using this video-tracking method, oseltamivir treatment was found to ameliorate the effect of influenza infection on activity in ferret. Oseltamivir treatment of animals was associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms, including reduced inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract, lower body weight loss and a smaller rise in body temperature, despite there being no significant reduction in viral shedding. In summary, this novel video-tracking is an easy-to-use, objective and sensitive methodology for measuring ferret activity.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antiviral drugs</subject><subject>Avian flu</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Body weight loss</subject><subject>Change detection</subject><subject>Churchill, Victoria</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Ferrets - virology</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - 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pharmacology</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antiviral drugs</topic><topic>Avian flu</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</topic><topic>Body temperature</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Body weight loss</topic><topic>Change detection</topic><topic>Churchill, Victoria</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Ferrets - virology</topic><topic>Glycoproteins</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Oseltamivir</topic><topic>Oseltamivir - pharmacology</topic><topic>Oseltamivir - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Respiratory tract</topic><topic>Scoring</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Shedding</topic><topic>Sneezing</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Temperature rise</topic><topic>Tracking</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Video server software</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Weight loss measurement</topic><topic>Weight reduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oh, Ding Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barr, Ian G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hurt, Aeron C</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oh, Ding Yuan</au><au>Barr, Ian G</au><au>Hurt, Aeron C</au><au>Tompkins, Stephen Mark</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A novel video tracking method to evaluate the effect of influenza infection and antiviral treatment on ferret activity</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-03-04</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0118780</spage><epage>e0118780</epage><pages>e0118780-e0118780</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Ferrets are the preferred animal model to assess influenza virus infection, virulence and transmission as they display similar clinical symptoms and pathogenesis to those of humans. Measures of disease severity in the ferret include weight loss, temperature rise, sneezing, viral shedding and reduced activity. To date, the only available method for activity measurement has been the assignment of an arbitrary score by a 'blind' observer based on pre-defined responsiveness scale. This manual scoring method is subjective and can be prone to bias. In this study, we described a novel video-tracking methodology for determining activity changes in a ferret model of influenza infection. This method eliminates the various limitations of manual scoring, which include the need for a sole 'blind' observer and the requirement to recognise the 'normal' activity of ferrets in order to assign relative activity scores. In ferrets infected with an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, video-tracking was more sensitive than manual scoring in detecting ferret activity changes. Using this video-tracking method, oseltamivir treatment was found to ameliorate the effect of influenza infection on activity in ferret. Oseltamivir treatment of animals was associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms, including reduced inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract, lower body weight loss and a smaller rise in body temperature, despite there being no significant reduction in viral shedding. In summary, this novel video-tracking is an easy-to-use, objective and sensitive methodology for measuring ferret activity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25738900</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0118780</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Animal models Animals Antiviral agents Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Antiviral drugs Avian flu Behavior Behavior, Animal - drug effects Body temperature Body weight Body weight loss Change detection Churchill, Victoria Disease Drug therapy Female Ferrets - virology Glycoproteins Health aspects Infections Inflammation Influenza Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology Male Methods Neurosciences Orthomyxoviridae Infections - drug therapy Oseltamivir Oseltamivir - pharmacology Oseltamivir - therapeutic use Pandemics Pathogenesis Prevention Respiratory tract Scoring Severe acute respiratory syndrome Shedding Sneezing Studies Temperature Temperature rise Tracking Vaccines Video server software Virology Virulence Viruses Weight loss measurement Weight reduction |
| title | A novel video tracking method to evaluate the effect of influenza infection and antiviral treatment on ferret activity |
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