Cognitive representations and cognitive processing of team-specific tactics in soccer
Two core elements for the coordination of different actions in sport are tactical information and knowledge about tactical situations. The current study describes two experiments to learn about the memory structure and the cognitive processing of tactical information. Experiment 1 investigated the s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2015-02, Vol.10 (2), p.e0118219-e0118219 |
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| description | Two core elements for the coordination of different actions in sport are tactical information and knowledge about tactical situations. The current study describes two experiments to learn about the memory structure and the cognitive processing of tactical information. Experiment 1 investigated the storage and structuring of team-specific tactics in humans' long-term memory with regard to different expertise levels. Experiment 2 investigated tactical decision-making skills and the corresponding gaze behavior, in presenting participants the identical match situations in a reaction time task. The results showed that more experienced soccer players, in contrast to less experienced soccer players, possess a functionally organized cognitive representation of team-specific tactics in soccer. Moreover, the more experienced soccer players reacted faster in tactical decisions, because they needed less fixations of similar duration as compared to less experienced soccer players. Combined, these experiments offer evidence that a functionally organized memory structure leads to a reaction time and a perceptual advantage in tactical decision-making in soccer. The discussion emphasizes theoretical and applied implications of the current results of the study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0118219 |
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The current study describes two experiments to learn about the memory structure and the cognitive processing of tactical information. Experiment 1 investigated the storage and structuring of team-specific tactics in humans' long-term memory with regard to different expertise levels. Experiment 2 investigated tactical decision-making skills and the corresponding gaze behavior, in presenting participants the identical match situations in a reaction time task. The results showed that more experienced soccer players, in contrast to less experienced soccer players, possess a functionally organized cognitive representation of team-specific tactics in soccer. Moreover, the more experienced soccer players reacted faster in tactical decisions, because they needed less fixations of similar duration as compared to less experienced soccer players. Combined, these experiments offer evidence that a functionally organized memory structure leads to a reaction time and a perceptual advantage in tactical decision-making in soccer. The discussion emphasizes theoretical and applied implications of the current results of the study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118219</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25714486</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biomechanics ; Cognition ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive ability ; Decision Making ; Decision theory ; Explicit knowledge ; Humans ; Information processing ; Learning ; Long term memory ; Memory ; Neural networks ; Perceptions ; Players ; Psychomotor Performance ; Reaction time ; Reaction time task ; Representations ; Skills ; Soccer ; Soccer - psychology ; Soccer players ; Tactics ; Team sports ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-02, Vol.10 (2), p.e0118219-e0118219</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Lex et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Lex et al 2015 Lex et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f4a5db491b88b5894789ef586b122b5847f03db71ce224b7d171af95b32e70673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f4a5db491b88b5894789ef586b122b5847f03db71ce224b7d171af95b32e70673</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340951/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340951/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714486$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Verdejo García, Antonio</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lex, Heiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Essig, Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knoblauch, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schack, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Cognitive representations and cognitive processing of team-specific tactics in soccer</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Two core elements for the coordination of different actions in sport are tactical information and knowledge about tactical situations. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lex, Heiko</au><au>Essig, Kai</au><au>Knoblauch, Andreas</au><au>Schack, Thomas</au><au>Verdejo García, Antonio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cognitive representations and cognitive processing of team-specific tactics in soccer</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-02-25</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0118219</spage><epage>e0118219</epage><pages>e0118219-e0118219</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Two core elements for the coordination of different actions in sport are tactical information and knowledge about tactical situations. The current study describes two experiments to learn about the memory structure and the cognitive processing of tactical information. Experiment 1 investigated the storage and structuring of team-specific tactics in humans' long-term memory with regard to different expertise levels. Experiment 2 investigated tactical decision-making skills and the corresponding gaze behavior, in presenting participants the identical match situations in a reaction time task. The results showed that more experienced soccer players, in contrast to less experienced soccer players, possess a functionally organized cognitive representation of team-specific tactics in soccer. Moreover, the more experienced soccer players reacted faster in tactical decisions, because they needed less fixations of similar duration as compared to less experienced soccer players. Combined, these experiments offer evidence that a functionally organized memory structure leads to a reaction time and a perceptual advantage in tactical decision-making in soccer. The discussion emphasizes theoretical and applied implications of the current results of the study.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25714486</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0118219</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Biomechanics Cognition Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Decision Making Decision theory Explicit knowledge Humans Information processing Learning Long term memory Memory Neural networks Perceptions Players Psychomotor Performance Reaction time Reaction time task Representations Skills Soccer Soccer - psychology Soccer players Tactics Team sports Young Adult |
| title | Cognitive representations and cognitive processing of team-specific tactics in soccer |
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