Contrasting effect of prepulse signals on performance of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects in an acoustic reaction times test
About 30% of people on Earth have latent toxoplasmosis. Infected subjects do not express any clinical symptoms, however, they carry dormant stages of parasite Toxoplasma for the rest of their life. This form of toxoplasmosis is mostly considered harmless, however, recent studies showed its specific...
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| description | About 30% of people on Earth have latent toxoplasmosis. Infected subjects do not express any clinical symptoms, however, they carry dormant stages of parasite Toxoplasma for the rest of their life. This form of toxoplasmosis is mostly considered harmless, however, recent studies showed its specific effects on physiology, behaviour and its associations with various diseases, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Individuals who suffer from schizophrenia have about 2.7 times higher prevalence of Toxoplasma-seropositivity than controls, which suggests that some traits characteristic of schizophrenic patients, including the sex difference in schizophrenia onset, decrease of grey matter density in specific brain areas and modification of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction could in fact be caused by toxoplasmosis for those patients who are Toxoplasma-seropositive.
We measured the effect of prepulse inhibition/facilitation of the startle reaction on reaction times. The students, 170 women and 66 men, were asked to react as quickly as possible to a startling acoustic signal by pressing a computer mouse button. Some of the startling signals were without the prepulse, some were 20 msec. preceded by a short (20 msec.) prepulse signal of lower intensity. Toxoplasma-seropositive subjects had longer reaction times than the controls. Acoustic prepulse shorted the reaction times in all subjects. This effect of prepulse on reaction times was stronger in male subjects and increased with the duration of infection, suggesting that it represented a cumulative effect of latent toxoplasmosis, rather than a fading out after effect of past acute toxoplasmosis.
Different sensitivity of Toxoplasma-seropositive and Toxoplasma-seronegative subjects on effect of prepulses on reaction times (the toxoplasmosis-prepulse interaction) suggested, but of course did not prove, that the alternations of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction observed in schizophrenia patients probably joined the list of schizophrenia symptoms that are in fact caused by latent toxoplasmosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0112771 |
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We measured the effect of prepulse inhibition/facilitation of the startle reaction on reaction times. The students, 170 women and 66 men, were asked to react as quickly as possible to a startling acoustic signal by pressing a computer mouse button. Some of the startling signals were without the prepulse, some were 20 msec. preceded by a short (20 msec.) prepulse signal of lower intensity. Toxoplasma-seropositive subjects had longer reaction times than the controls. Acoustic prepulse shorted the reaction times in all subjects. This effect of prepulse on reaction times was stronger in male subjects and increased with the duration of infection, suggesting that it represented a cumulative effect of latent toxoplasmosis, rather than a fading out after effect of past acute toxoplasmosis.
Different sensitivity of Toxoplasma-seropositive and Toxoplasma-seronegative subjects on effect of prepulses on reaction times (the toxoplasmosis-prepulse interaction) suggested, but of course did not prove, that the alternations of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction observed in schizophrenia patients probably joined the list of schizophrenia symptoms that are in fact caused by latent toxoplasmosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112771</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25384036</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acoustics ; Adult ; Alternations ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brain ; Brain research ; Dopamine ; Female ; Gender differences ; Human subjects ; Humans ; Infections ; Inhibition ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental disorders ; Mouse devices ; Parasites ; Parasitology ; Patients ; Personality ; Philosophy ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Reaction Time ; Reflex, Startle - physiology ; Reflexes ; Rodents ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - immunology ; Schizophrenia - parasitology ; Schizophrenia - physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Science history ; Sex Factors ; Studies ; Substantia grisea ; Toxoplasma - physiology ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis - immunology ; Toxoplasmosis - parasitology ; Toxoplasmosis - physiopathology ; Toxoplasmosis - psychology ; Women ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-11, Vol.9 (11), p.e112771-e112771</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Příplatová et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Příplatová et al 2014 Příplatová et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c8a3d8bad0ddcaac5d78b50adde3e56eda5c55b4328ae2d055d3559f41aecac43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c8a3d8bad0ddcaac5d78b50adde3e56eda5c55b4328ae2d055d3559f41aecac43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226587/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226587/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384036$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Příplatová, Lenka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sebánková, Blanka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flegr, Jaroslav</creatorcontrib><title>Contrasting effect of prepulse signals on performance of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects in an acoustic reaction times test</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>About 30% of people on Earth have latent toxoplasmosis. Infected subjects do not express any clinical symptoms, however, they carry dormant stages of parasite Toxoplasma for the rest of their life. This form of toxoplasmosis is mostly considered harmless, however, recent studies showed its specific effects on physiology, behaviour and its associations with various diseases, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Individuals who suffer from schizophrenia have about 2.7 times higher prevalence of Toxoplasma-seropositivity than controls, which suggests that some traits characteristic of schizophrenic patients, including the sex difference in schizophrenia onset, decrease of grey matter density in specific brain areas and modification of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction could in fact be caused by toxoplasmosis for those patients who are Toxoplasma-seropositive.
We measured the effect of prepulse inhibition/facilitation of the startle reaction on reaction times. The students, 170 women and 66 men, were asked to react as quickly as possible to a startling acoustic signal by pressing a computer mouse button. Some of the startling signals were without the prepulse, some were 20 msec. preceded by a short (20 msec.) prepulse signal of lower intensity. Toxoplasma-seropositive subjects had longer reaction times than the controls. Acoustic prepulse shorted the reaction times in all subjects. This effect of prepulse on reaction times was stronger in male subjects and increased with the duration of infection, suggesting that it represented a cumulative effect of latent toxoplasmosis, rather than a fading out after effect of past acute toxoplasmosis.
Different sensitivity of Toxoplasma-seropositive and Toxoplasma-seronegative subjects on effect of prepulses on reaction times (the toxoplasmosis-prepulse interaction) suggested, but of course did not prove, that the alternations of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction observed in schizophrenia patients probably joined the list of schizophrenia symptoms that are in fact caused by latent toxoplasmosis.</description><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alternations</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Human subjects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mouse devices</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Personality</subject><subject>Philosophy</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Reaction Time</subject><subject>Reflex, Startle - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Příplatová, Lenka</au><au>Sebánková, Blanka</au><au>Flegr, Jaroslav</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contrasting effect of prepulse signals on performance of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects in an acoustic reaction times test</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-11-10</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e112771</spage><epage>e112771</epage><pages>e112771-e112771</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>About 30% of people on Earth have latent toxoplasmosis. Infected subjects do not express any clinical symptoms, however, they carry dormant stages of parasite Toxoplasma for the rest of their life. This form of toxoplasmosis is mostly considered harmless, however, recent studies showed its specific effects on physiology, behaviour and its associations with various diseases, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Individuals who suffer from schizophrenia have about 2.7 times higher prevalence of Toxoplasma-seropositivity than controls, which suggests that some traits characteristic of schizophrenic patients, including the sex difference in schizophrenia onset, decrease of grey matter density in specific brain areas and modification of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction could in fact be caused by toxoplasmosis for those patients who are Toxoplasma-seropositive.
We measured the effect of prepulse inhibition/facilitation of the startle reaction on reaction times. The students, 170 women and 66 men, were asked to react as quickly as possible to a startling acoustic signal by pressing a computer mouse button. Some of the startling signals were without the prepulse, some were 20 msec. preceded by a short (20 msec.) prepulse signal of lower intensity. Toxoplasma-seropositive subjects had longer reaction times than the controls. Acoustic prepulse shorted the reaction times in all subjects. This effect of prepulse on reaction times was stronger in male subjects and increased with the duration of infection, suggesting that it represented a cumulative effect of latent toxoplasmosis, rather than a fading out after effect of past acute toxoplasmosis.
Different sensitivity of Toxoplasma-seropositive and Toxoplasma-seronegative subjects on effect of prepulses on reaction times (the toxoplasmosis-prepulse interaction) suggested, but of course did not prove, that the alternations of prepulse inhibition of startle reaction observed in schizophrenia patients probably joined the list of schizophrenia symptoms that are in fact caused by latent toxoplasmosis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25384036</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0112771</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acoustics Adult Alternations Biology and Life Sciences Brain Brain research Dopamine Female Gender differences Human subjects Humans Infections Inhibition Male Medicine and Health Sciences Mental disorders Mouse devices Parasites Parasitology Patients Personality Philosophy Physiological aspects Physiology Reaction Time Reflex, Startle - physiology Reflexes Rodents Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - immunology Schizophrenia - parasitology Schizophrenia - physiopathology Schizophrenic Psychology Science history Sex Factors Studies Substantia grisea Toxoplasma - physiology Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis - immunology Toxoplasmosis - parasitology Toxoplasmosis - physiopathology Toxoplasmosis - psychology Women Young Adult |
| title | Contrasting effect of prepulse signals on performance of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects in an acoustic reaction times test |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T02%3A54%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Contrasting%20effect%20of%20prepulse%20signals%20on%20performance%20of%20Toxoplasma-infected%20and%20Toxoplasma-free%20subjects%20in%20an%20acoustic%20reaction%20times%20test&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=P%C5%99%C3%ADplatov%C3%A1,%20Lenka&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e112771&rft.epage=e112771&rft.pages=e112771-e112771&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112771&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA418635822%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1622299453&rft_id=info:pmid/25384036&rft_galeid=A418635822&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_bead9b79a8394adebe9f23ec3ff4c113&rfr_iscdi=true |