Fibromyalgia patients had normal distraction related pain inhibition but cognitive impairment reflected in caudate nucleus and hippocampus during the Stroop Color Word Test
The mechanisms causing cognitive problems in chronic pain patients are not well understood. We used the Stroop color word task (SCWT) to investigate distraction-induced analgesia, cognitive performance, and cerebral activation patterns in 29 fibromyalgia (FM) patients (mean age 49.8 years, range 25-...
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| description | The mechanisms causing cognitive problems in chronic pain patients are not well understood. We used the Stroop color word task (SCWT) to investigate distraction-induced analgesia, cognitive performance, and cerebral activation patterns in 29 fibromyalgia (FM) patients (mean age 49.8 years, range 25-64 years) and 31 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 46.3 years, range 20-63 years). In the first study, SCWT was used to investigate distraction-induced analgesia in FM patients. Two versions of the task were applied, one with only congruent color-word images and one with incongruent images. Pressure pain thresholds were assessed using a pressure algometer before, during, and following SCWT. In the second study, reaction times (RTs) were assessed and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cerebral activation patterns in FM patients and HC during the SCWT. An event-related task mixing incongruent and congruent images was used. In study one, we found reduced pressure pain sensitivity during SCWT in both groups alike and no statistically significant differences were seen between the incongruent and congruent conditions. The study two revealed longer RTs during the incongruent compared to the congruent condition in both groups. FM patients had longer RTs than HC in both conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between group and congruency; that is, the group differences in RTs were more pronounced during the incongruent condition. This was reflected in a reduced activation of the caudate nucleus, lingual gyrus, temporal areas, and the hippocampus in FM patients compared to HC. In conclusion, we found normal pain inhibition during SWTC in FM patients. The cognitive difficulties seen in FM patients, reflected in longer RTs, were related to reduced activation of the caudate nucleus and hippocampus during incongruent SCWT, which most likely affected the mechanisms of cognitive learning in FM patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0108637 |
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We used the Stroop color word task (SCWT) to investigate distraction-induced analgesia, cognitive performance, and cerebral activation patterns in 29 fibromyalgia (FM) patients (mean age 49.8 years, range 25-64 years) and 31 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 46.3 years, range 20-63 years). In the first study, SCWT was used to investigate distraction-induced analgesia in FM patients. Two versions of the task were applied, one with only congruent color-word images and one with incongruent images. Pressure pain thresholds were assessed using a pressure algometer before, during, and following SCWT. In the second study, reaction times (RTs) were assessed and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cerebral activation patterns in FM patients and HC during the SCWT. An event-related task mixing incongruent and congruent images was used. In study one, we found reduced pressure pain sensitivity during SCWT in both groups alike and no statistically significant differences were seen between the incongruent and congruent conditions. The study two revealed longer RTs during the incongruent compared to the congruent condition in both groups. FM patients had longer RTs than HC in both conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between group and congruency; that is, the group differences in RTs were more pronounced during the incongruent condition. This was reflected in a reduced activation of the caudate nucleus, lingual gyrus, temporal areas, and the hippocampus in FM patients compared to HC. In conclusion, we found normal pain inhibition during SWTC in FM patients. The cognitive difficulties seen in FM patients, reflected in longer RTs, were related to reduced activation of the caudate nucleus and hippocampus during incongruent SCWT, which most likely affected the mechanisms of cognitive learning in FM patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108637</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25275449</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Activation ; Adult ; Analgesia ; Arthritis ; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Case-Control Studies ; Caudate nucleus ; Caudate Nucleus - physiopathology ; Cerebrum ; Chronic pain ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognition Disorders - physiopathology ; Cognitive ability ; Cognitive learning ; Cognitive tasks ; Cohort Studies ; Color ; Dopamine ; Female ; Fibromyalgia ; Fibromyalgia - physiopathology ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging ; Heart Rate - physiology ; Hippocampus ; Hippocampus - physiopathology ; Humans ; Image processing ; Inhibition ; Inhibition (psychology) ; Integrative medicine ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Medicine ; Middle Aged ; Neurosciences ; Nuclei ; Pain ; Pain - physiopathology ; Pain management ; Pain perception ; Pain sensitivity ; Pain Threshold - physiology ; Patients ; Pressure ; Reaction Time - physiology ; Spectrum analysis ; Statistical analysis ; Stroop Test ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-10, Vol.9 (9), p.e108637-e108637</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Martinsen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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We used the Stroop color word task (SCWT) to investigate distraction-induced analgesia, cognitive performance, and cerebral activation patterns in 29 fibromyalgia (FM) patients (mean age 49.8 years, range 25-64 years) and 31 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 46.3 years, range 20-63 years). In the first study, SCWT was used to investigate distraction-induced analgesia in FM patients. Two versions of the task were applied, one with only congruent color-word images and one with incongruent images. Pressure pain thresholds were assessed using a pressure algometer before, during, and following SCWT. In the second study, reaction times (RTs) were assessed and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cerebral activation patterns in FM patients and HC during the SCWT. An event-related task mixing incongruent and congruent images was used. In study one, we found reduced pressure pain sensitivity during SCWT in both groups alike and no statistically significant differences were seen between the incongruent and congruent conditions. The study two revealed longer RTs during the incongruent compared to the congruent condition in both groups. FM patients had longer RTs than HC in both conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between group and congruency; that is, the group differences in RTs were more pronounced during the incongruent condition. This was reflected in a reduced activation of the caudate nucleus, lingual gyrus, temporal areas, and the hippocampus in FM patients compared to HC. In conclusion, we found normal pain inhibition during SWTC in FM patients. The cognitive difficulties seen in FM patients, reflected in longer RTs, were related to reduced activation of the caudate nucleus and hippocampus during incongruent SCWT, which most likely affected the mechanisms of cognitive learning in FM patients.</description><subject>Activation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analgesia</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain Mapping</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Caudate nucleus</subject><subject>Caudate Nucleus - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebrum</subject><subject>Chronic pain</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognition Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cognitive learning</subject><subject>Cognitive tasks</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Color</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibromyalgia</subject><subject>Fibromyalgia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Functional magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Heart Rate - physiology</subject><subject>Hippocampus</subject><subject>Hippocampus - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image processing</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Inhibition (psychology)</subject><subject>Integrative medicine</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Nuclei</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Pain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Pain management</subject><subject>Pain perception</subject><subject>Pain sensitivity</subject><subject>Pain Threshold - physiology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Reaction Time - physiology</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stroop Test</subject><subject>Young 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USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Uppsala universitet</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martinsen, Sofia</au><au>Flodin, Pär</au><au>Berrebi, Jonathan</au><au>Löfgren, Monika</au><au>Bileviciute-Ljungar, Indre</au><au>Ingvar, Martin</au><au>Fransson, Peter</au><au>Kosek, Eva</au><au>García, Antonio Verdejo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fibromyalgia patients had normal distraction related pain inhibition but cognitive impairment reflected in caudate nucleus and hippocampus during the Stroop Color Word Test</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-10-02</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e108637</spage><epage>e108637</epage><pages>e108637-e108637</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The mechanisms causing cognitive problems in chronic pain patients are not well understood. We used the Stroop color word task (SCWT) to investigate distraction-induced analgesia, cognitive performance, and cerebral activation patterns in 29 fibromyalgia (FM) patients (mean age 49.8 years, range 25-64 years) and 31 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 46.3 years, range 20-63 years). In the first study, SCWT was used to investigate distraction-induced analgesia in FM patients. Two versions of the task were applied, one with only congruent color-word images and one with incongruent images. Pressure pain thresholds were assessed using a pressure algometer before, during, and following SCWT. In the second study, reaction times (RTs) were assessed and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cerebral activation patterns in FM patients and HC during the SCWT. An event-related task mixing incongruent and congruent images was used. In study one, we found reduced pressure pain sensitivity during SCWT in both groups alike and no statistically significant differences were seen between the incongruent and congruent conditions. The study two revealed longer RTs during the incongruent compared to the congruent condition in both groups. FM patients had longer RTs than HC in both conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between group and congruency; that is, the group differences in RTs were more pronounced during the incongruent condition. This was reflected in a reduced activation of the caudate nucleus, lingual gyrus, temporal areas, and the hippocampus in FM patients compared to HC. In conclusion, we found normal pain inhibition during SWTC in FM patients. The cognitive difficulties seen in FM patients, reflected in longer RTs, were related to reduced activation of the caudate nucleus and hippocampus during incongruent SCWT, which most likely affected the mechanisms of cognitive learning in FM patients.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25275449</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0108637</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-10, Vol.9 (9), p.e108637-e108637 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1567047728 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; SWEPUB Freely available online; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Activation Adult Analgesia Arthritis Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Biology and Life Sciences Blood Pressure - physiology Brain Brain Mapping Case-Control Studies Caudate nucleus Caudate Nucleus - physiopathology Cerebrum Chronic pain Cognition & reasoning Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Cognitive ability Cognitive learning Cognitive tasks Cohort Studies Color Dopamine Female Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia - physiopathology Functional magnetic resonance imaging Heart Rate - physiology Hippocampus Hippocampus - physiopathology Humans Image processing Inhibition Inhibition (psychology) Integrative medicine Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Middle Aged Neurosciences Nuclei Pain Pain - physiopathology Pain management Pain perception Pain sensitivity Pain Threshold - physiology Patients Pressure Reaction Time - physiology Spectrum analysis Statistical analysis Stroop Test Young Adult |
| title | Fibromyalgia patients had normal distraction related pain inhibition but cognitive impairment reflected in caudate nucleus and hippocampus during the Stroop Color Word Test |
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