Abundance and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in lake sediment microcosms
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing disease is an ever growing threat to the world. Recently, environmental bacteria have become established as important both as sources of antibiotic resistance genes and in disseminating resistance genes. Low levels of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals ar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e108151-e108151 |
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| creator | Berglund, Björn Khan, Ghazanfar Ali Lindberg, Richard Fick, Jerker Lindgren, Per-Eric |
| description | Antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing disease is an ever growing threat to the world. Recently, environmental bacteria have become established as important both as sources of antibiotic resistance genes and in disseminating resistance genes. Low levels of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are regularly released into water environments via wastewater, and the concern is that such environmental contamination may serve to create hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene selection and dissemination. In this study, microcosms were created from water and sediments gathered from a lake in Sweden only lightly affected by human activities. The microcosms were exposed to a mixture of antibiotics of varying environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., concentrations commonly encountered in wastewaters) in order to investigate the effect of low levels of antibiotics on antibiotic resistance gene abundances and dynamics in a previously uncontaminated environment. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Abundances of seven antibiotic resistance genes and the class 1 integron integrase gene, intI1, were quantified using real-time PCR. Resistance genes sulI and ermB were quantified in the microcosm sediments with mean abundances 5 and 15 gene copies/10(6) 16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Class 1 integrons were determined in the sediments with a mean concentration of 3.8 × 10(4) copies/106 16S rRNA gene copies. The antibiotic treatment had no observable effect on antibiotic resistance gene or integron abundances. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0108151 |
| format | Article |
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Recently, environmental bacteria have become established as important both as sources of antibiotic resistance genes and in disseminating resistance genes. Low levels of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are regularly released into water environments via wastewater, and the concern is that such environmental contamination may serve to create hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene selection and dissemination. In this study, microcosms were created from water and sediments gathered from a lake in Sweden only lightly affected by human activities. The microcosms were exposed to a mixture of antibiotics of varying environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., concentrations commonly encountered in wastewaters) in order to investigate the effect of low levels of antibiotics on antibiotic resistance gene abundances and dynamics in a previously uncontaminated environment. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Abundances of seven antibiotic resistance genes and the class 1 integron integrase gene, intI1, were quantified using real-time PCR. Resistance genes sulI and ermB were quantified in the microcosm sediments with mean abundances 5 and 15 gene copies/10(6) 16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Class 1 integrons were determined in the sediments with a mean concentration of 3.8 × 10(4) copies/106 16S rRNA gene copies. The antibiotic treatment had no observable effect on antibiotic resistance gene or integron abundances.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108151</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25247418</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Bacteria ; Bacterial infections ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chromatography ; Contamination ; Disease resistance ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics ; Drugs ; Genes ; Genetic research ; Hostages ; Integrase ; Integrases - genetics ; Integrons - genetics ; Lake sediments ; Lakes ; Lakes - analysis ; Liquid chromatography ; Marine environment ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Microbial drug resistance ; Microcosms ; Physical Sciences ; Research and Analysis Methods ; RNA ; rRNA 16S ; Sediments ; Sediments (Geology) ; Studies ; Wastewater ; Water analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e108151-e108151</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Berglund et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Recently, environmental bacteria have become established as important both as sources of antibiotic resistance genes and in disseminating resistance genes. Low levels of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are regularly released into water environments via wastewater, and the concern is that such environmental contamination may serve to create hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene selection and dissemination. In this study, microcosms were created from water and sediments gathered from a lake in Sweden only lightly affected by human activities. The microcosms were exposed to a mixture of antibiotics of varying environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., concentrations commonly encountered in wastewaters) in order to investigate the effect of low levels of antibiotics on antibiotic resistance gene abundances and dynamics in a previously uncontaminated environment. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 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The antibiotic treatment had no observable effect on antibiotic resistance gene or integron abundances.</description><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Disease resistance</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Hostages</subject><subject>Integrase</subject><subject>Integrases - genetics</subject><subject>Integrons - genetics</subject><subject>Lake sediments</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Lakes - analysis</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Marine environment</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Microbial drug 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one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Berglund, Björn</au><au>Khan, Ghazanfar Ali</au><au>Lindberg, Richard</au><au>Fick, Jerker</au><au>Lindgren, Per-Eric</au><au>Elias, Dwayne</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Abundance and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in lake sediment microcosms</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-09-23</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e108151</spage><epage>e108151</epage><pages>e108151-e108151</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing disease is an ever growing threat to the world. Recently, environmental bacteria have become established as important both as sources of antibiotic resistance genes and in disseminating resistance genes. Low levels of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are regularly released into water environments via wastewater, and the concern is that such environmental contamination may serve to create hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene selection and dissemination. In this study, microcosms were created from water and sediments gathered from a lake in Sweden only lightly affected by human activities. The microcosms were exposed to a mixture of antibiotics of varying environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., concentrations commonly encountered in wastewaters) in order to investigate the effect of low levels of antibiotics on antibiotic resistance gene abundances and dynamics in a previously uncontaminated environment. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Abundances of seven antibiotic resistance genes and the class 1 integron integrase gene, intI1, were quantified using real-time PCR. Resistance genes sulI and ermB were quantified in the microcosm sediments with mean abundances 5 and 15 gene copies/10(6) 16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Class 1 integrons were determined in the sediments with a mean concentration of 3.8 × 10(4) copies/106 16S rRNA gene copies. The antibiotic treatment had no observable effect on antibiotic resistance gene or integron abundances.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25247418</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0108151</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Bacteria Bacterial infections Biology and Life Sciences Chromatography Contamination Disease resistance Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics Drugs Genes Genetic research Hostages Integrase Integrases - genetics Integrons - genetics Lake sediments Lakes Lakes - analysis Liquid chromatography Marine environment Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Microbial drug resistance Microcosms Physical Sciences Research and Analysis Methods RNA rRNA 16S Sediments Sediments (Geology) Studies Wastewater Water analysis |
| title | Abundance and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in lake sediment microcosms |
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