Mechanical and in vitro biological performance of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced calcium silicate composite
Calcium silicate (CaSiO3, CS) ceramic composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were prepared using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1150°C. Quantitative microstructural analysis suggests that GNP play a role in grain size and is responsible for the improved densification. Raman spectro...
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| creator | Mehrali, Mehdi Moghaddam, Ehsan Seyed Shirazi, Seyed Farid Baradaran, Saeid Mehrali, Mohammad Latibari, Sara Tahan Metselaar, Hendrik Simon Cornelis Kadri, Nahrizul Adib Zandi, Keivan Osman, Noor Azuan Abu |
| description | Calcium silicate (CaSiO3, CS) ceramic composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were prepared using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1150°C. Quantitative microstructural analysis suggests that GNP play a role in grain size and is responsible for the improved densification. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that GNP survived the harsh processing conditions of the selected HIP processing parameters. The uniform distribution of 1 wt.% GNP in the CS matrix, high densification and fine CS grain size help to improve the fracture toughness by ∼130%, hardness by ∼30% and brittleness index by ∼40% as compared to the CS matrix without GNP. The toughening mechanisms, such as crack bridging, pull-out, branching and deflection induced by GNP are observed and discussed. The GNP/CS composites exhibit good apatite-forming ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Our results indicate that the addition of GNP decreased pH value in SBF. Effect of addition of GNP on early adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblast cells (hFOB) was measured in vitro. The GNP/CS composites showed good biocompatibility and promoted cell viability and cell proliferation. The results indicated that the cell viability and proliferation are affected by time and concentration of GNP in the CS matrix. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0106802 |
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Quantitative microstructural analysis suggests that GNP play a role in grain size and is responsible for the improved densification. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that GNP survived the harsh processing conditions of the selected HIP processing parameters. The uniform distribution of 1 wt.% GNP in the CS matrix, high densification and fine CS grain size help to improve the fracture toughness by ∼130%, hardness by ∼30% and brittleness index by ∼40% as compared to the CS matrix without GNP. The toughening mechanisms, such as crack bridging, pull-out, branching and deflection induced by GNP are observed and discussed. The GNP/CS composites exhibit good apatite-forming ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Our results indicate that the addition of GNP decreased pH value in SBF. Effect of addition of GNP on early adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblast cells (hFOB) was measured in vitro. The GNP/CS composites showed good biocompatibility and promoted cell viability and cell proliferation. The results indicated that the cell viability and proliferation are affected by time and concentration of GNP in the CS matrix.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106802</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25229540</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adhesion tests ; Apatite ; Biocompatibility ; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomedical engineering ; Biomedical materials ; Body fluids ; Calcium ; Calcium Compounds - chemistry ; Calcium silicates ; Carbon ; Cell adhesion & migration ; Cell proliferation ; Composite materials ; Conditioned stimulus ; Crack bridging ; Crack propagation ; Densification ; Electron microscopy ; Engineering and Technology ; Fracture toughness ; Fractures ; Grain size ; Graphene ; Graphite - chemistry ; Hip ; Hot isostatic pressing ; Hot pressing ; Hydroxyapatite ; In vitro methods and tests ; Isostatic pressing ; Mechanical engineering ; Microstructural analysis ; Mineralization ; Nanocomposites ; Nanocomposites - chemistry ; Particle size ; pH effects ; Plasma sintering ; Process parameters ; Raman spectroscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Silicates - chemistry ; Silicon nitride ; Spectroscopy ; Studies ; Surgical implants ; Tissue engineering</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e106802</ispartof><rights>2014 Mehrali et al. 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The results indicated that the cell viability and proliferation are affected by time and concentration of GNP in the CS matrix.</description><subject>Adhesion tests</subject><subject>Apatite</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biocompatible Materials - chemistry</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical engineering</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Body fluids</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Calcium silicates</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Cell adhesion & migration</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Conditioned stimulus</subject><subject>Crack bridging</subject><subject>Crack propagation</subject><subject>Densification</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Fracture toughness</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphite - 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Quantitative microstructural analysis suggests that GNP play a role in grain size and is responsible for the improved densification. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that GNP survived the harsh processing conditions of the selected HIP processing parameters. The uniform distribution of 1 wt.% GNP in the CS matrix, high densification and fine CS grain size help to improve the fracture toughness by ∼130%, hardness by ∼30% and brittleness index by ∼40% as compared to the CS matrix without GNP. The toughening mechanisms, such as crack bridging, pull-out, branching and deflection induced by GNP are observed and discussed. The GNP/CS composites exhibit good apatite-forming ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Our results indicate that the addition of GNP decreased pH value in SBF. Effect of addition of GNP on early adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblast cells (hFOB) was measured in vitro. The GNP/CS composites showed good biocompatibility and promoted cell viability and cell proliferation. The results indicated that the cell viability and proliferation are affected by time and concentration of GNP in the CS matrix.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25229540</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0106802</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adhesion tests Apatite Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biology and Life Sciences Biomedical engineering Biomedical materials Body fluids Calcium Calcium Compounds - chemistry Calcium silicates Carbon Cell adhesion & migration Cell proliferation Composite materials Conditioned stimulus Crack bridging Crack propagation Densification Electron microscopy Engineering and Technology Fracture toughness Fractures Grain size Graphene Graphite - chemistry Hip Hot isostatic pressing Hot pressing Hydroxyapatite In vitro methods and tests Isostatic pressing Mechanical engineering Microstructural analysis Mineralization Nanocomposites Nanocomposites - chemistry Particle size pH effects Plasma sintering Process parameters Raman spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Silicates - chemistry Silicon nitride Spectroscopy Studies Surgical implants Tissue engineering |
| title | Mechanical and in vitro biological performance of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced calcium silicate composite |
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