High rate of A(H1N1)pdm09 infections among rural Thai villagers, 2009-2010
Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 emerged in Thailand in 2009. A prospective longitudinal adult cohort and household transmission study of influenza-like illness (ILI) was ongoing in rural Thailand at the time of emergence. Symptomatic and subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infection rates in the cohort and amo...
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| creator | Khuntirat, Benjawan Yoon, In-Kyu Chittaganpitch, Malinee Krueger, Whitney S Supawat, Krongkaew Blair, Patrick J Putnam, Shannon D Gibbons, Robert V Buddhari, Darunee Sawanpanyalert, Pathom Heil, Gary L Friary, John A Gray, Gregory C |
| description | Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 emerged in Thailand in 2009. A prospective longitudinal adult cohort and household transmission study of influenza-like illness (ILI) was ongoing in rural Thailand at the time of emergence. Symptomatic and subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infection rates in the cohort and among household members were evaluated.
A cohort of 800 Thai adults underwent active community-based surveillance for ILI from 2008-2010. Acute respiratory samples from ILI episodes were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRT-PCR; acute and 60-day convalescent blood samples were tested by A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). Enrollment, 12-month and 24-month follow-up blood samples were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion by HI. Household members of influenza A-infected cohort subjects with ILI were enrolled in household transmission investigations in which day 0 and 60 blood samples and acute respiratory samples were tested by either qRT-PCR or HI for A(H1N1)pdm09. Seroconversion between annual blood samples without A(H1N1)pdm09-positive ILI was considered as subclinical infection.
The 2-yr cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in the cohort in 2009/2010 was 10.8% (84/781) with an annual incidence of 1.2% in 2009 and 9.7% in 2010; 83.3% of infections were subclinical (50% in 2009 and 85.9% in 2010). The 2-yr cumulative incidence was lowest (5%) in adults born ≤ 1957. The A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts was 47.2% (17/36); 47.1% of these infections were subclinical. The highest A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts (70.6%, 12/17) occurred among children born between 1990 and 2003.
Subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infections in Thai adults occurred frequently and accounted for a greater proportion of all A(H1N1)pdm09 infections than previously estimated. The role of subclinical infections in A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission has important implications in formulating strategies to predict and prevent the spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 and other influenza virus strains. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0106751 |
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A cohort of 800 Thai adults underwent active community-based surveillance for ILI from 2008-2010. Acute respiratory samples from ILI episodes were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRT-PCR; acute and 60-day convalescent blood samples were tested by A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). Enrollment, 12-month and 24-month follow-up blood samples were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion by HI. Household members of influenza A-infected cohort subjects with ILI were enrolled in household transmission investigations in which day 0 and 60 blood samples and acute respiratory samples were tested by either qRT-PCR or HI for A(H1N1)pdm09. Seroconversion between annual blood samples without A(H1N1)pdm09-positive ILI was considered as subclinical infection.
The 2-yr cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in the cohort in 2009/2010 was 10.8% (84/781) with an annual incidence of 1.2% in 2009 and 9.7% in 2010; 83.3% of infections were subclinical (50% in 2009 and 85.9% in 2010). The 2-yr cumulative incidence was lowest (5%) in adults born ≤ 1957. The A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts was 47.2% (17/36); 47.1% of these infections were subclinical. The highest A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts (70.6%, 12/17) occurred among children born between 1990 and 2003.
Subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infections in Thai adults occurred frequently and accounted for a greater proportion of all A(H1N1)pdm09 infections than previously estimated. The role of subclinical infections in A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission has important implications in formulating strategies to predict and prevent the spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 and other influenza virus strains.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106751</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25188434</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adults ; Aged ; Armed forces ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Enrollments ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health surveillance ; Hemagglutination inhibition ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Households ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Influenza ; Influenza A ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology ; Influenza, Human - epidemiology ; Influenza, Human - physiopathology ; Influenza, Human - transmission ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pathogens ; Prospective Studies ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Rural Population ; Seroconversion ; Studies ; Subclinical infection ; Swine flu ; Thailand - epidemiology ; Virology ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e106751-e106751</ispartof><rights>2014. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-fa6c3785e4b8bdf211e1bd64fb4c84bd657d4612ff08c43c901980810009af363</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-fa6c3785e4b8bdf211e1bd64fb4c84bd657d4612ff08c43c901980810009af363</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154756/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154756/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188434$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khuntirat, Benjawan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, In-Kyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chittaganpitch, Malinee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krueger, Whitney S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Supawat, Krongkaew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blair, Patrick J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Putnam, Shannon D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibbons, Robert V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buddhari, Darunee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sawanpanyalert, Pathom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heil, Gary L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friary, John A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, Gregory C</creatorcontrib><title>High rate of A(H1N1)pdm09 infections among rural Thai villagers, 2009-2010</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 emerged in Thailand in 2009. A prospective longitudinal adult cohort and household transmission study of influenza-like illness (ILI) was ongoing in rural Thailand at the time of emergence. Symptomatic and subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infection rates in the cohort and among household members were evaluated.
A cohort of 800 Thai adults underwent active community-based surveillance for ILI from 2008-2010. Acute respiratory samples from ILI episodes were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRT-PCR; acute and 60-day convalescent blood samples were tested by A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). Enrollment, 12-month and 24-month follow-up blood samples were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion by HI. Household members of influenza A-infected cohort subjects with ILI were enrolled in household transmission investigations in which day 0 and 60 blood samples and acute respiratory samples were tested by either qRT-PCR or HI for A(H1N1)pdm09. Seroconversion between annual blood samples without A(H1N1)pdm09-positive ILI was considered as subclinical infection.
The 2-yr cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in the cohort in 2009/2010 was 10.8% (84/781) with an annual incidence of 1.2% in 2009 and 9.7% in 2010; 83.3% of infections were subclinical (50% in 2009 and 85.9% in 2010). The 2-yr cumulative incidence was lowest (5%) in adults born ≤ 1957. The A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts was 47.2% (17/36); 47.1% of these infections were subclinical. The highest A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts (70.6%, 12/17) occurred among children born between 1990 and 2003.
Subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infections in Thai adults occurred frequently and accounted for a greater proportion of all A(H1N1)pdm09 infections than previously estimated. The role of subclinical infections in A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission has important implications in formulating strategies to predict and prevent the spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 and other influenza virus strains.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Armed forces</subject><subject>Asymptomatic Infections</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Enrollments</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Family Characteristics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>Hemagglutination inhibition</subject><subject>Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious 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Thai villagers, 2009-2010</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-09-04</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e106751</spage><epage>e106751</epage><pages>e106751-e106751</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 emerged in Thailand in 2009. A prospective longitudinal adult cohort and household transmission study of influenza-like illness (ILI) was ongoing in rural Thailand at the time of emergence. Symptomatic and subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infection rates in the cohort and among household members were evaluated.
A cohort of 800 Thai adults underwent active community-based surveillance for ILI from 2008-2010. Acute respiratory samples from ILI episodes were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRT-PCR; acute and 60-day convalescent blood samples were tested by A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). Enrollment, 12-month and 24-month follow-up blood samples were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion by HI. Household members of influenza A-infected cohort subjects with ILI were enrolled in household transmission investigations in which day 0 and 60 blood samples and acute respiratory samples were tested by either qRT-PCR or HI for A(H1N1)pdm09. Seroconversion between annual blood samples without A(H1N1)pdm09-positive ILI was considered as subclinical infection.
The 2-yr cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in the cohort in 2009/2010 was 10.8% (84/781) with an annual incidence of 1.2% in 2009 and 9.7% in 2010; 83.3% of infections were subclinical (50% in 2009 and 85.9% in 2010). The 2-yr cumulative incidence was lowest (5%) in adults born ≤ 1957. The A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts was 47.2% (17/36); 47.1% of these infections were subclinical. The highest A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts (70.6%, 12/17) occurred among children born between 1990 and 2003.
Subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infections in Thai adults occurred frequently and accounted for a greater proportion of all A(H1N1)pdm09 infections than previously estimated. The role of subclinical infections in A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission has important implications in formulating strategies to predict and prevent the spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 and other influenza virus strains.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25188434</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0106751</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e106751-e106751 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1560109477 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adults Aged Armed forces Asymptomatic Infections Biology and Life Sciences Blood Child Child, Preschool Children Enrollments Epidemiology Family Characteristics Female Health surveillance Hemagglutination inhibition Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests Households Humans Incidence Infant Infections Infectious diseases Influenza Influenza A Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - physiopathology Influenza, Human - transmission Male Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Pandemics Pathogens Prospective Studies Public health Questionnaires Rural Population Seroconversion Studies Subclinical infection Swine flu Thailand - epidemiology Virology Viruses |
| title | High rate of A(H1N1)pdm09 infections among rural Thai villagers, 2009-2010 |
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