The genotypic characterization of Cronobacter spp. isolated in China
Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (PIF). To describe the genotypic diversity of Cronobacter isolated in China, we identified the isolates using fusA allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel elect...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-07, Vol.9 (7), p.e102179-e102179 |
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| creator | Cui, Jinghua Du, Xiaoli Liu, Hui Hu, Guangchun Lv, Guoping Xu, Baohong Yang, Xiaorong Li, Wei Cui, Zhigang |
| description | Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (PIF). To describe the genotypic diversity of Cronobacter isolated in China, we identified the isolates using fusA allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 105 isolates were identified, which included C. sakazakii (58 isolates), C. malonaticus (30 isolates), C. dublinensis (11 isolates), C. turicensis (5 isolates), and C. muytjensii (1 isolate). These isolates were showed to have 85 PFGE-patterns, 71 sequence types (STs), and 55 MLVA-patterns. Comparisons among the three molecular subtyping methods revealed that the PFGE method was the most distinguishable tool in identifying clusters of Cronobacter spp. through DNA fingerprinting, and MLST method came second. However, ESTR-1, ESTR-2, ESTR-3, and ESTR-4 were not effective loci for subtyping Cronobacter spp. such that the MLVA method requires further improvement. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0102179 |
| format | Article |
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To describe the genotypic diversity of Cronobacter isolated in China, we identified the isolates using fusA allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 105 isolates were identified, which included C. sakazakii (58 isolates), C. malonaticus (30 isolates), C. dublinensis (11 isolates), C. turicensis (5 isolates), and C. muytjensii (1 isolate). These isolates were showed to have 85 PFGE-patterns, 71 sequence types (STs), and 55 MLVA-patterns. Comparisons among the three molecular subtyping methods revealed that the PFGE method was the most distinguishable tool in identifying clusters of Cronobacter spp. through DNA fingerprinting, and MLST method came second. However, ESTR-1, ESTR-2, ESTR-3, and ESTR-4 were not effective loci for subtyping Cronobacter spp. such that the MLVA method requires further improvement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102179</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25029018</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Babies ; Baby foods ; Bacteria ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chemical properties ; China ; Cronobacter ; Cronobacter - genetics ; Cronobacter - isolation & purification ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Disease control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease prevention ; DNA ; DNA fingerprinting ; DNA identification ; Enterobacter ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Food ; Gel electrophoresis ; Genetic fingerprinting ; Genotyping Techniques ; Geography ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Loci ; Medical laboratories ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Nucleotide sequence ; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Tandem Repeat Sequences - genetics</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-07, Vol.9 (7), p.e102179-e102179</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Cui et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Cui et al 2014 Cui et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d501964badf313968b4d9dd8971aca11a84f9f9c24a784f4c6d73dee821293093</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d501964badf313968b4d9dd8971aca11a84f9f9c24a784f4c6d73dee821293093</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100892/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100892/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25029018$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Schuch, Raymond</contributor><creatorcontrib>Cui, Jinghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Guangchun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lv, Guoping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Baohong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xiaorong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Zhigang</creatorcontrib><title>The genotypic characterization of Cronobacter spp. isolated in China</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (PIF). To describe the genotypic diversity of Cronobacter isolated in China, we identified the isolates using fusA allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 105 isolates were identified, which included C. sakazakii (58 isolates), C. malonaticus (30 isolates), C. dublinensis (11 isolates), C. turicensis (5 isolates), and C. muytjensii (1 isolate). These isolates were showed to have 85 PFGE-patterns, 71 sequence types (STs), and 55 MLVA-patterns. Comparisons among the three molecular subtyping methods revealed that the PFGE method was the most distinguishable tool in identifying clusters of Cronobacter spp. through DNA fingerprinting, and MLST method came second. However, ESTR-1, ESTR-2, ESTR-3, and ESTR-4 were not effective loci for subtyping Cronobacter spp. such that the MLVA method requires further improvement.</description><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Baby foods</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Cronobacter</subject><subject>Cronobacter - genetics</subject><subject>Cronobacter - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA fingerprinting</subject><subject>DNA identification</subject><subject>Enterobacter</subject><subject>Epidemiological Monitoring</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Genetic fingerprinting</subject><subject>Genotyping Techniques</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Formula</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Loci</subject><subject>Medical laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Tandem Repeat Sequences - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cui, Jinghua</au><au>Du, Xiaoli</au><au>Liu, Hui</au><au>Hu, Guangchun</au><au>Lv, Guoping</au><au>Xu, Baohong</au><au>Yang, Xiaorong</au><au>Li, Wei</au><au>Cui, Zhigang</au><au>Schuch, Raymond</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The genotypic characterization of Cronobacter spp. isolated in China</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-07-16</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e102179</spage><epage>e102179</epage><pages>e102179-e102179</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (PIF). To describe the genotypic diversity of Cronobacter isolated in China, we identified the isolates using fusA allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 105 isolates were identified, which included C. sakazakii (58 isolates), C. malonaticus (30 isolates), C. dublinensis (11 isolates), C. turicensis (5 isolates), and C. muytjensii (1 isolate). These isolates were showed to have 85 PFGE-patterns, 71 sequence types (STs), and 55 MLVA-patterns. Comparisons among the three molecular subtyping methods revealed that the PFGE method was the most distinguishable tool in identifying clusters of Cronobacter spp. through DNA fingerprinting, and MLST method came second. However, ESTR-1, ESTR-2, ESTR-3, and ESTR-4 were not effective loci for subtyping Cronobacter spp. such that the MLVA method requires further improvement.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25029018</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0102179</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Babies Baby foods Bacteria Biology and Life Sciences Chemical properties China Cronobacter Cronobacter - genetics Cronobacter - isolation & purification Deoxyribonucleic acid Disease control Disease Outbreaks Disease prevention DNA DNA fingerprinting DNA identification Enterobacter Epidemiological Monitoring Food Gel electrophoresis Genetic fingerprinting Genotyping Techniques Geography Humans Infant Infant Formula Infections Infectious diseases Loci Medical laboratories Medicine and Health Sciences Nucleotide sequence Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Tandem Repeat Sequences - genetics |
| title | The genotypic characterization of Cronobacter spp. isolated in China |
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