The perception and mimicry of facial movements predict judgments of smile authenticity
The mechanisms through which people perceive different types of smiles and judge their authenticity remain unclear. Here, 19 different types of smiles were created based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), using highly controlled, dynamic avatar faces. Participants observed short videos of sm...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e99194-e99194 |
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| creator | Korb, Sebastian With, Stéphane Niedenthal, Paula Kaiser, Susanne Grandjean, Didier |
| description | The mechanisms through which people perceive different types of smiles and judge their authenticity remain unclear. Here, 19 different types of smiles were created based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), using highly controlled, dynamic avatar faces. Participants observed short videos of smiles while their facial mimicry was measured with electromyography (EMG) over four facial muscles. Smile authenticity was judged after each trial. Avatar attractiveness was judged once in response to each avatar's neutral face. Results suggest that, in contrast to most earlier work using static pictures as stimuli, participants relied less on the Duchenne marker (the presence of crow's feet wrinkles around the eyes) in their judgments of authenticity. Furthermore, mimicry of smiles occurred in the Zygomaticus Major, Orbicularis Oculi, and Corrugator muscles. Consistent with theories of embodied cognition, activity in these muscles predicted authenticity judgments, suggesting that facial mimicry influences the perception of smiles. However, no significant mediation effect of facial mimicry was found. Avatar attractiveness did not predict authenticity judgments or mimicry patterns. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0099194 |
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Here, 19 different types of smiles were created based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), using highly controlled, dynamic avatar faces. Participants observed short videos of smiles while their facial mimicry was measured with electromyography (EMG) over four facial muscles. Smile authenticity was judged after each trial. Avatar attractiveness was judged once in response to each avatar's neutral face. Results suggest that, in contrast to most earlier work using static pictures as stimuli, participants relied less on the Duchenne marker (the presence of crow's feet wrinkles around the eyes) in their judgments of authenticity. Furthermore, mimicry of smiles occurred in the Zygomaticus Major, Orbicularis Oculi, and Corrugator muscles. Consistent with theories of embodied cognition, activity in these muscles predicted authenticity judgments, suggesting that facial mimicry influences the perception of smiles. However, no significant mediation effect of facial mimicry was found. Avatar attractiveness did not predict authenticity judgments or mimicry patterns.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099194</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24918939</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Attraction ; Attractiveness ; Authenticity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cognition ; Electromyography ; Emotions ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Flow cytometry ; Humans ; Judgments ; Male ; Mimicry ; Muscles ; Neurosciences ; Perception ; Perceptions ; Pictures ; Psychology ; Smiling ; Social interaction ; Social Perception ; Social Sciences ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e99194-e99194</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Korb et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Korb et al 2014 Korb et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-508376b9b26a547f97d47fb2f6a3b43e79c718b82b1c392e1a9c67ab29e7f4113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-508376b9b26a547f97d47fb2f6a3b43e79c718b82b1c392e1a9c67ab29e7f4113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4053432/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4053432/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27344,27924,27925,33774,53791,53793,79472,79473</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24918939$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Iacoboni, Marco</contributor><creatorcontrib>Korb, Sebastian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>With, Stéphane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niedenthal, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grandjean, Didier</creatorcontrib><title>The perception and mimicry of facial movements predict judgments of smile authenticity</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The mechanisms through which people perceive different types of smiles and judge their authenticity remain unclear. Here, 19 different types of smiles were created based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), using highly controlled, dynamic avatar faces. Participants observed short videos of smiles while their facial mimicry was measured with electromyography (EMG) over four facial muscles. Smile authenticity was judged after each trial. Avatar attractiveness was judged once in response to each avatar's neutral face. Results suggest that, in contrast to most earlier work using static pictures as stimuli, participants relied less on the Duchenne marker (the presence of crow's feet wrinkles around the eyes) in their judgments of authenticity. Furthermore, mimicry of smiles occurred in the Zygomaticus Major, Orbicularis Oculi, and Corrugator muscles. Consistent with theories of embodied cognition, activity in these muscles predicted authenticity judgments, suggesting that facial mimicry influences the perception of smiles. However, no significant mediation effect of facial mimicry was found. Avatar attractiveness did not predict authenticity judgments or mimicry patterns.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attraction</subject><subject>Attractiveness</subject><subject>Authenticity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Facial Expression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Judgments</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mimicry</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Pictures</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Smiling</subject><subject>Social interaction</subject><subject>Social Perception</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Young 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and mimicry of facial movements predict judgments of smile authenticity</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-06-11</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e99194</spage><epage>e99194</epage><pages>e99194-e99194</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The mechanisms through which people perceive different types of smiles and judge their authenticity remain unclear. Here, 19 different types of smiles were created based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), using highly controlled, dynamic avatar faces. Participants observed short videos of smiles while their facial mimicry was measured with electromyography (EMG) over four facial muscles. Smile authenticity was judged after each trial. Avatar attractiveness was judged once in response to each avatar's neutral face. Results suggest that, in contrast to most earlier work using static pictures as stimuli, participants relied less on the Duchenne marker (the presence of crow's feet wrinkles around the eyes) in their judgments of authenticity. Furthermore, mimicry of smiles occurred in the Zygomaticus Major, Orbicularis Oculi, and Corrugator muscles. Consistent with theories of embodied cognition, activity in these muscles predicted authenticity judgments, suggesting that facial mimicry influences the perception of smiles. However, no significant mediation effect of facial mimicry was found. Avatar attractiveness did not predict authenticity judgments or mimicry patterns.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24918939</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0099194</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Attraction Attractiveness Authenticity Biology and Life Sciences Cognition Electromyography Emotions Facial Expression Female Flow cytometry Humans Judgments Male Mimicry Muscles Neurosciences Perception Perceptions Pictures Psychology Smiling Social interaction Social Perception Social Sciences Young Adult |
| title | The perception and mimicry of facial movements predict judgments of smile authenticity |
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