Glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) confers chemoresistance to tumor endothelial cells under acidic stress

This study was designed to investigate the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) and its association with chemoresistance during acidic pH stress. Endothelial cells from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were excised by laser capture...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e101053
Hauptverfasser: Visioli, Fernanda, Wang, Yugang, Alam, Goleeta N, Ning, Yu, Rados, Pantelis V, Nör, Jacques E, Polverini, Peter J
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Wang, Yugang
Alam, Goleeta N
Ning, Yu
Rados, Pantelis V
Nör, Jacques E
Polverini, Peter J
description This study was designed to investigate the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) and its association with chemoresistance during acidic pH stress. Endothelial cells from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were excised by laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by analysis of UPR markers (Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP) using quantitative PCR. Grp78 expression was also determined by immunostaining. Acidic stress was induced in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) by treatment with conditioned medium (CM) from tumor cells grown under hypoxic conditions or by adjusting medium pH to 6.4 or 7.0 using lactic acid or hydrochloric acid (HCl). HDMEC resistance to the anti-angiogenic drug Sunitinib was assessed with SRB assay. UPR markers, Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP were significantly upregulated in TECs from OSCC compared to HDMECs. HDMECs cultured in acidic CM (pH 6.0-6.4) showed increased expression of the UPR markers. However, severe acidosis led to marked cell death in HDMECs. Alternatively, HDMECs were able to adapt when exposed to chronic acidosis at pH 7.0 for 7 days, with concomittant increase in Grp78 expression. Chronic acidosis also confers drug resistance to HDMECs against Sunitinib. Knockdown of Grp78 using shRNA resensitizes HDMECs to drug treatment. UPR induction in ECs under acidic pH conditions is related to chemoresistance and may contribute to therapeutic failures in response to chemotherapy. Targeting Grp78, the key component of the UPR pathway, may provide a promising approach to overcome ECs resistance in cancer therapy.
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Endothelial cells from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were excised by laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by analysis of UPR markers (Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP) using quantitative PCR. Grp78 expression was also determined by immunostaining. Acidic stress was induced in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) by treatment with conditioned medium (CM) from tumor cells grown under hypoxic conditions or by adjusting medium pH to 6.4 or 7.0 using lactic acid or hydrochloric acid (HCl). HDMEC resistance to the anti-angiogenic drug Sunitinib was assessed with SRB assay. UPR markers, Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP were significantly upregulated in TECs from OSCC compared to HDMECs. HDMECs cultured in acidic CM (pH 6.0-6.4) showed increased expression of the UPR markers. However, severe acidosis led to marked cell death in HDMECs. Alternatively, HDMECs were able to adapt when exposed to chronic acidosis at pH 7.0 for 7 days, with concomittant increase in Grp78 expression. Chronic acidosis also confers drug resistance to HDMECs against Sunitinib. Knockdown of Grp78 using shRNA resensitizes HDMECs to drug treatment. UPR induction in ECs under acidic pH conditions is related to chemoresistance and may contribute to therapeutic failures in response to chemotherapy. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Visioli et al 2014 Visioli et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-3fe4cc144cddc6b5915313995b302d797191ef97505519655080688e4adea3123</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-3fe4cc144cddc6b5915313995b302d797191ef97505519655080688e4adea3123</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4071032/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4071032/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24964091$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Visioli, Fernanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yugang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alam, Goleeta N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ning, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rados, Pantelis V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nör, Jacques E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polverini, Peter J</creatorcontrib><title>Glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) confers chemoresistance to tumor endothelial cells under acidic stress</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>This study was designed to investigate the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) and its association with chemoresistance during acidic pH stress. Endothelial cells from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were excised by laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by analysis of UPR markers (Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP) using quantitative PCR. Grp78 expression was also determined by immunostaining. Acidic stress was induced in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) by treatment with conditioned medium (CM) from tumor cells grown under hypoxic conditions or by adjusting medium pH to 6.4 or 7.0 using lactic acid or hydrochloric acid (HCl). HDMEC resistance to the anti-angiogenic drug Sunitinib was assessed with SRB assay. UPR markers, Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP were significantly upregulated in TECs from OSCC compared to HDMECs. HDMECs cultured in acidic CM (pH 6.0-6.4) showed increased expression of the UPR markers. However, severe acidosis led to marked cell death in HDMECs. Alternatively, HDMECs were able to adapt when exposed to chronic acidosis at pH 7.0 for 7 days, with concomittant increase in Grp78 expression. Chronic acidosis also confers drug resistance to HDMECs against Sunitinib. Knockdown of Grp78 using shRNA resensitizes HDMECs to drug treatment. UPR induction in ECs under acidic pH conditions is related to chemoresistance and may contribute to therapeutic failures in response to chemotherapy. Targeting Grp78, the key component of the UPR pathway, may provide a promising approach to overcome ECs resistance in cancer therapy.</description><subject>Acid resistance</subject><subject>Acidosis</subject><subject>Acidosis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Acidosis - metabolism</subject><subject>Acidosis - pathology</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Angiogenesis Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blotting, Western</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - drug therapy</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology</subject><subject>Cell Cycle</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Chemoresistance</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Conditioning</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Dermis - drug effects</subject><subject>Dermis - metabolism</subject><subject>Dermis - pathology</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Neoplasm</subject><subject>Endoplasmic reticulum</subject><subject>Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP</subject><subject>Endothelial cells</subject><subject>Endothelium</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - pathology</subject><subject>Fluorescent Antibody Technique</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>Head &amp; neck cancer</subject><subject>Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrochloric acid</subject><subject>Hydrogen ions</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Immunoenzyme Techniques</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Laser Capture Microdissection</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microvasculature</subject><subject>Mouth Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Mouth Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Mouth Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Oral carcinoma</subject><subject>Oral squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Otolaryngology</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Protein folding</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stresses</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Tumor cells</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Unfolded Protein Response - drug effects</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUstuEzEUHSEQLYE_QGCJTVkk2OPHjDdIVVVCpUpsYG059p3EwbGD7UHi7-s006pBlRe27j3n3IdP07wneEFoR75s45iC9ot9DLDApB5OXzTnRNJ2LlpMXz55nzVvct7iiuiFeN2ctUwKhiU5b34v_WhihnmC9eh1AYv2KRZwAXU9ulimfdd_RiaGAVJGZgO7mCC7XHQwgEpEZawRBMHGsgHvtEcGvM9oDBYS0sZZZ1AulZTfNq8G7TO8m-5Z8-vb9c-r7_PbH8ubq8vbuRFcljkdgBlDGDPWGrHiknBKqJR8RXFrO9kRSWCQHcecEyk4xz0WfQ9MW9CUtHTWfDzq7n3MatpTVoQzzLqapxVxc0TYqLdqn9xOp38qaqfuAzGtlU7FGQ-KctPjbqX7DgzDlGiBB9OvTCsNJkzoqvV1qjaudmANhJK0PxE9zQS3Uev4VzHcEUwP7V5MAin-GSEXtXP5sEQdII73fRNaeyCiQj_9B31-ugm11nUAF4ZY65qDqLpkpOsZa6sTZs3iGVQ9FnaufjgMrsZPCOxIMCnmnGB4nJFgdbDkQzPqYEk1WbLSPjzdzyPpwYP0DmOU3PI</recordid><startdate>20140625</startdate><enddate>20140625</enddate><creator>Visioli, Fernanda</creator><creator>Wang, Yugang</creator><creator>Alam, Goleeta N</creator><creator>Ning, Yu</creator><creator>Rados, Pantelis V</creator><creator>Nör, Jacques E</creator><creator>Polverini, Peter J</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140625</creationdate><title>Glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) confers chemoresistance to tumor endothelial cells under acidic stress</title><author>Visioli, Fernanda ; 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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Visioli, Fernanda</au><au>Wang, Yugang</au><au>Alam, Goleeta N</au><au>Ning, Yu</au><au>Rados, Pantelis V</au><au>Nör, Jacques E</au><au>Polverini, Peter J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) confers chemoresistance to tumor endothelial cells under acidic stress</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-06-25</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e101053</spage><pages>e101053-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>This study was designed to investigate the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) and its association with chemoresistance during acidic pH stress. Endothelial cells from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were excised by laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by analysis of UPR markers (Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP) using quantitative PCR. Grp78 expression was also determined by immunostaining. Acidic stress was induced in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) by treatment with conditioned medium (CM) from tumor cells grown under hypoxic conditions or by adjusting medium pH to 6.4 or 7.0 using lactic acid or hydrochloric acid (HCl). HDMEC resistance to the anti-angiogenic drug Sunitinib was assessed with SRB assay. UPR markers, Grp78, ATF4 and CHOP were significantly upregulated in TECs from OSCC compared to HDMECs. HDMECs cultured in acidic CM (pH 6.0-6.4) showed increased expression of the UPR markers. However, severe acidosis led to marked cell death in HDMECs. Alternatively, HDMECs were able to adapt when exposed to chronic acidosis at pH 7.0 for 7 days, with concomittant increase in Grp78 expression. Chronic acidosis also confers drug resistance to HDMECs against Sunitinib. Knockdown of Grp78 using shRNA resensitizes HDMECs to drug treatment. UPR induction in ECs under acidic pH conditions is related to chemoresistance and may contribute to therapeutic failures in response to chemotherapy. Targeting Grp78, the key component of the UPR pathway, may provide a promising approach to overcome ECs resistance in cancer therapy.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24964091</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0101053</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Acid resistance
Acidosis
Acidosis - drug therapy
Acidosis - metabolism
Acidosis - pathology
Acids
Analysis
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis Inhibitors - pharmacology
Apoptosis
B cells
Biology and Life Sciences
Blotting, Western
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - drug therapy
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology
Cell Cycle
Cell death
Cell Proliferation
Cells, Cultured
Chemoresistance
Chemotherapy
Conditioning
Cytotoxicity
Dental materials
Dentistry
Dermis - drug effects
Dermis - metabolism
Dermis - pathology
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
Endothelial cells
Endothelium
Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
Endothelium, Vascular - pathology
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Glucose
Glycoproteins
Head & neck cancer
Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics
Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism
Humans
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen ions
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hypoxia
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Kinases
Lactic acid
Laser Capture Microdissection
Markers
Materials science
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microvasculature
Mouth Neoplasms - drug therapy
Mouth Neoplasms - metabolism
Mouth Neoplasms - pathology
Oral carcinoma
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Otolaryngology
pH effects
Protein folding
Proteins
Reagents
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Messenger - genetics
Sensors
Skin
Squamous cell carcinoma
Stress
Stresses
Studies
Transcription factors
Tumor cells
Tumors
Unfolded Protein Response - drug effects
title Glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) confers chemoresistance to tumor endothelial cells under acidic stress
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