Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates
Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surf...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e100289 |
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| creator | Reisser, Julia Shaw, Jeremy Hallegraeff, Gustaaf Proietti, Maira Barnes, David K A Thums, Michele Wilcox, Chris Hardesty, Britta Denise Pattiaratchi, Charitha |
| description | Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7-24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded 'epiplastic' coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic millimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0100289 |
| format | Article |
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In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7-24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded 'epiplastic' coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. 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The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100289</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24941218</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal Distribution - physiology ; Animals ; Anthropogenic factors ; Australia ; Bacillariophyta ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - growth & development ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biodiversity ; Biofilms ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biota ; Chelonia mydas ; Coccoliths ; Cyanobacteria ; Cyanobacteria - growth & development ; Diatoms - growth & development ; Diplodus argenteus ; Dispersal ; Earth Sciences ; Ecological monitoring ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Eggs ; Electron microscopy ; Elongation ; Environmental Monitoring ; Floating ; Fouling organisms ; Fungi ; Fungi - growth & development ; Grooves ; Human influences ; Hydrozoa ; Insects ; Invertebrates ; Invertebrates - physiology ; Marine biology ; Marine microorganisms ; Marine pollution ; Microbiota ; Microorganisms ; Oceans ; Oceans and Seas ; Offshore ; PCB ; Plastic pollution ; Plastics ; Plastics - chemistry ; Plastics - metabolism ; Plastics industry ; Pollutants ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Polymers ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Studies ; Surface water ; Waste Products ; Water Movements ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e100289</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Reisser et al. 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In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7-24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded 'epiplastic' coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic millimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24941218</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0100289</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e100289 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1537332509 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Animal Distribution - physiology Animals Anthropogenic factors Australia Bacillariophyta Bacteria Bacteria - growth & development Biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Biodiversity Biofilms Biology and Life Sciences Biota Chelonia mydas Coccoliths Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria - growth & development Diatoms - growth & development Diplodus argenteus Dispersal Earth Sciences Ecological monitoring Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Eggs Electron microscopy Elongation Environmental Monitoring Floating Fouling organisms Fungi Fungi - growth & development Grooves Human influences Hydrozoa Insects Invertebrates Invertebrates - physiology Marine biology Marine microorganisms Marine pollution Microbiota Microorganisms Oceans Oceans and Seas Offshore PCB Plastic pollution Plastics Plastics - chemistry Plastics - metabolism Plastics industry Pollutants Polychlorinated biphenyls Polymers Scanning electron microscopy Studies Surface water Waste Products Water Movements Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism |
| title | Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T10%3A21%3A33IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Millimeter-sized%20marine%20plastics:%20a%20new%20pelagic%20habitat%20for%20microorganisms%20and%20invertebrates&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Reisser,%20Julia&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e100289&rft.pages=e100289-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100289&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA418138758%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1537332509&rft_id=info:pmid/24941218&rft_galeid=A418138758&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_f5578669896f4ec5a323aadeb8af1688&rfr_iscdi=true |