Additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time of rice down-regulates cellulose synthesis in seed endosperm
The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome...
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| description | The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome analysis was performed on the seeds from rice plants that were provided additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time. As a result, it was assessed that genes associated with molecular processes such as photosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, carbon fixation, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism were differentially expressed. Moreover, cellulose and sucrose synthases, which are involved in cellulose synthesis, were down-regulated. Therefore, we compared cellulose content of mature seeds that were treated with additional nitrogen fertilization with those from control plants using calcofluor staining. In these experiments, cellulose content in endosperm from plants receiving additional nitrogen fertilization was less than that in control endosperm. Other starch synthesis-related genes such as starch synthase 1, starch phosphorylase 2, and branching enzyme 3 were also down-regulated, whereas some α-amylase and β-amylase genes were up-regulated. On the other hand, mRNA expression of amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules was up-regulated. Moreover, additional nitrogen fertilization caused accumulation of storage proteins and up-regulated Cys-poor prolamin mRNA expression. These data suggest that additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time changes the expression of some storage substance-related genes and reduces cellulose levels in endosperm. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0098738 |
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To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome analysis was performed on the seeds from rice plants that were provided additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time. As a result, it was assessed that genes associated with molecular processes such as photosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, carbon fixation, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism were differentially expressed. Moreover, cellulose and sucrose synthases, which are involved in cellulose synthesis, were down-regulated. Therefore, we compared cellulose content of mature seeds that were treated with additional nitrogen fertilization with those from control plants using calcofluor staining. In these experiments, cellulose content in endosperm from plants receiving additional nitrogen fertilization was less than that in control endosperm. Other starch synthesis-related genes such as starch synthase 1, starch phosphorylase 2, and branching enzyme 3 were also down-regulated, whereas some α-amylase and β-amylase genes were up-regulated. On the other hand, mRNA expression of amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules was up-regulated. Moreover, additional nitrogen fertilization caused accumulation of storage proteins and up-regulated Cys-poor prolamin mRNA expression. These data suggest that additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time changes the expression of some storage substance-related genes and reduces cellulose levels in endosperm.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098738</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24905454</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Amino acids ; Amylases ; Analysis ; beta-Glucans - metabolism ; Biology and life sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Carbon ; Carbon fixation ; Cell walls ; Cellulose ; Cellulose - biosynthesis ; Down-Regulation - drug effects ; Drinking water ; Endosperm ; Endosperm - drug effects ; Endosperm - metabolism ; Fertilization ; Fertilizers ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Life sciences ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen - pharmacology ; Nitrogen balance ; Oryza ; Oryza - drug effects ; Oryza - genetics ; Oryza - growth & development ; Oryza - metabolism ; Phosphorylase ; Photosynthesis ; Physiological aspects ; Plant biochemistry ; Plants (botany) ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rhizosphere ; Rice ; RNA ; Seeds ; Starch ; Starch phosphorylase ; Starch synthase ; Storage proteins ; Sucrose ; Sugar ; Transcriptome - drug effects ; Trehalose ; α-Amylase ; β-Amylase</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e98738</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Midorikawa et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Midorikawa et al 2014 Midorikawa et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-151b268db84a494c44170d5cd15c87085d40d8c96c572f4ad56d7e839eb77bf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-151b268db84a494c44170d5cd15c87085d40d8c96c572f4ad56d7e839eb77bf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048278/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048278/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905454$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Midorikawa, Keiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuroda, Masaharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terauchi, Kaede</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoshi, Masako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikenaga, Sachiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishimaru, Yoshiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abe, Keiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asakura, Tomiko</creatorcontrib><title>Additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time of rice down-regulates cellulose synthesis in seed endosperm</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome analysis was performed on the seeds from rice plants that were provided additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time. As a result, it was assessed that genes associated with molecular processes such as photosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, carbon fixation, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism were differentially expressed. Moreover, cellulose and sucrose synthases, which are involved in cellulose synthesis, were down-regulated. Therefore, we compared cellulose content of mature seeds that were treated with additional nitrogen fertilization with those from control plants using calcofluor staining. In these experiments, cellulose content in endosperm from plants receiving additional nitrogen fertilization was less than that in control endosperm. 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These data suggest that additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time changes the expression of some storage substance-related genes and reduces cellulose levels in endosperm.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Amylases</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>beta-Glucans - metabolism</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon fixation</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Cellulose - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Down-Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Endosperm</subject><subject>Endosperm - drug effects</subject><subject>Endosperm - metabolism</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Midorikawa, Keiko</au><au>Kuroda, Masaharu</au><au>Terauchi, Kaede</au><au>Hoshi, Masako</au><au>Ikenaga, Sachiko</au><au>Ishimaru, Yoshiro</au><au>Abe, Keiko</au><au>Asakura, Tomiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time of rice down-regulates cellulose synthesis in seed endosperm</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-06-06</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e98738</spage><pages>e98738-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome analysis was performed on the seeds from rice plants that were provided additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time. As a result, it was assessed that genes associated with molecular processes such as photosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, carbon fixation, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism were differentially expressed. Moreover, cellulose and sucrose synthases, which are involved in cellulose synthesis, were down-regulated. Therefore, we compared cellulose content of mature seeds that were treated with additional nitrogen fertilization with those from control plants using calcofluor staining. In these experiments, cellulose content in endosperm from plants receiving additional nitrogen fertilization was less than that in control endosperm. Other starch synthesis-related genes such as starch synthase 1, starch phosphorylase 2, and branching enzyme 3 were also down-regulated, whereas some α-amylase and β-amylase genes were up-regulated. On the other hand, mRNA expression of amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules was up-regulated. Moreover, additional nitrogen fertilization caused accumulation of storage proteins and up-regulated Cys-poor prolamin mRNA expression. These data suggest that additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time changes the expression of some storage substance-related genes and reduces cellulose levels in endosperm.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24905454</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0098738</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
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| subjects | Acids Amino acids Amylases Analysis beta-Glucans - metabolism Biology and life sciences Biosynthesis Carbon Carbon fixation Cell walls Cellulose Cellulose - biosynthesis Down-Regulation - drug effects Drinking water Endosperm Endosperm - drug effects Endosperm - metabolism Fertilization Fertilizers Gene expression Genes Life sciences Metabolism Metabolites Nitrogen Nitrogen - pharmacology Nitrogen balance Oryza Oryza - drug effects Oryza - genetics Oryza - growth & development Oryza - metabolism Phosphorylase Photosynthesis Physiological aspects Plant biochemistry Plants (botany) Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Rhizosphere Rice RNA Seeds Starch Starch phosphorylase Starch synthase Storage proteins Sucrose Sugar Transcriptome - drug effects Trehalose α-Amylase β-Amylase |
| title | Additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time of rice down-regulates cellulose synthesis in seed endosperm |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T03%3A34%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Additional%20nitrogen%20fertilization%20at%20heading%20time%20of%20rice%20down-regulates%20cellulose%20synthesis%20in%20seed%20endosperm&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Midorikawa,%20Keiko&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e98738&rft.pages=e98738-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0098738&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA418707324%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1533745762&rft_id=info:pmid/24905454&rft_galeid=A418707324&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_506b546e4e014332b1b5cda65625f517&rfr_iscdi=true |