Plastic responses to elevated temperature in low and high elevation populations of three grassland species
Local persistence of plant species in the face of climate change is largely mediated by genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In species with a wide altitudinal range, population responses to global warming are likely to differ at contrasting elevations. In controlled climate chambers, we in...
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| description | Local persistence of plant species in the face of climate change is largely mediated by genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In species with a wide altitudinal range, population responses to global warming are likely to differ at contrasting elevations. In controlled climate chambers, we investigated the responses of low and high elevation populations (1200 and 1800 m a.s.l.) of three nutrient-poor grassland species, Trifolium montanum, Ranunculus bulbosus, and Briza media, to ambient and elevated temperature. We measured growth-related, reproductive and phenological traits, evaluated differences in trait plasticity and examined whether trait values or plasticities were positively related to approximate fitness and thus under selection. Elevated temperature induced plastic responses in several growth-related traits of all three species. Although flowering phenology was advanced in T. montanum and R. bulbosus, number of flowers and reproductive allocation were not increased under elevated temperature. Plasticity differed between low and high elevation populations only in leaf traits of T. montanum and B. media. Some growth-related and phenological traits were under selection. Moreover, plasticities were not correlated with approximate fitness indicating selectively neutral plastic responses to elevated temperature. The observed plasticity in growth-related and phenological traits, albeit variable among species, suggests that plasticity is an important mechanism in mediating plant responses to elevated temperature. However, the capacity of species to respond to climate change through phenotypic plasticity is limited suggesting that the species additionally need evolutionary adaptation to adjust to climate change. The observed selection on several growth-related and phenological traits indicates that the study species have the potential for future evolution in the context of a warming climate. |
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In species with a wide altitudinal range, population responses to global warming are likely to differ at contrasting elevations. In controlled climate chambers, we investigated the responses of low and high elevation populations (1200 and 1800 m a.s.l.) of three nutrient-poor grassland species, Trifolium montanum, Ranunculus bulbosus, and Briza media, to ambient and elevated temperature. We measured growth-related, reproductive and phenological traits, evaluated differences in trait plasticity and examined whether trait values or plasticities were positively related to approximate fitness and thus under selection. Elevated temperature induced plastic responses in several growth-related traits of all three species. Although flowering phenology was advanced in T. montanum and R. bulbosus, number of flowers and reproductive allocation were not increased under elevated temperature. Plasticity differed between low and high elevation populations only in leaf traits of T. montanum and B. media. Some growth-related and phenological traits were under selection. Moreover, plasticities were not correlated with approximate fitness indicating selectively neutral plastic responses to elevated temperature. The observed plasticity in growth-related and phenological traits, albeit variable among species, suggests that plasticity is an important mechanism in mediating plant responses to elevated temperature. However, the capacity of species to respond to climate change through phenotypic plasticity is limited suggesting that the species additionally need evolutionary adaptation to adjust to climate change. The observed selection on several growth-related and phenological traits indicates that the study species have the potential for future evolution in the context of a warming climate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098677</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24901500</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Altitude ; Biological evolution ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Briza media ; Climate Change ; Ecological adaptation ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystems ; Elevation ; Environment ; Environmental conditions ; Evolution & development ; Fitness ; Flowering ; Flowers ; Flowers & plants ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Variation ; Global temperature changes ; Global warming ; Grassland ; Grasslands ; Habitats ; High temperature ; Phenology ; Phenotypic plasticity ; Physiology ; Plant reproduction ; Plant species ; Plants - genetics ; Plastic properties ; Plasticity ; Plastics ; Populations ; Precipitation ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Ranunculus bulbosus ; Reproductive fitness ; Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Studies ; Systems science ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Trifolium parryi montanense</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e98677</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Frei et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Frei et al 2014 Frei et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f785f032731e45c2b30237eda0dd6587a97c35ab6f0a86bc5e66f65110a0b52e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f785f032731e45c2b30237eda0dd6587a97c35ab6f0a86bc5e66f65110a0b52e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046993/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046993/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901500$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Bond-Lamberty, Ben</contributor><creatorcontrib>Frei, Esther R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghazoul, Jaboury</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pluess, Andrea R</creatorcontrib><title>Plastic responses to elevated temperature in low and high elevation populations of three grassland species</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Local persistence of plant species in the face of climate change is largely mediated by genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In species with a wide altitudinal range, population responses to global warming are likely to differ at contrasting elevations. In controlled climate chambers, we investigated the responses of low and high elevation populations (1200 and 1800 m a.s.l.) of three nutrient-poor grassland species, Trifolium montanum, Ranunculus bulbosus, and Briza media, to ambient and elevated temperature. We measured growth-related, reproductive and phenological traits, evaluated differences in trait plasticity and examined whether trait values or plasticities were positively related to approximate fitness and thus under selection. Elevated temperature induced plastic responses in several growth-related traits of all three species. Although flowering phenology was advanced in T. montanum and R. bulbosus, number of flowers and reproductive allocation were not increased under elevated temperature. Plasticity differed between low and high elevation populations only in leaf traits of T. montanum and B. media. Some growth-related and phenological traits were under selection. Moreover, plasticities were not correlated with approximate fitness indicating selectively neutral plastic responses to elevated temperature. The observed plasticity in growth-related and phenological traits, albeit variable among species, suggests that plasticity is an important mechanism in mediating plant responses to elevated temperature. However, the capacity of species to respond to climate change through phenotypic plasticity is limited suggesting that the species additionally need evolutionary adaptation to adjust to climate change. The observed selection on several growth-related and phenological traits indicates that the study species have the potential for future evolution in the context of a warming climate.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Biological evolution</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Briza media</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>Ecological adaptation</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Evolution & development</subject><subject>Fitness</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Flowers</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Gene-Environment Interaction</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Global temperature changes</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>Grassland</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Phenology</subject><subject>Phenotypic plasticity</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Plants - 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In species with a wide altitudinal range, population responses to global warming are likely to differ at contrasting elevations. In controlled climate chambers, we investigated the responses of low and high elevation populations (1200 and 1800 m a.s.l.) of three nutrient-poor grassland species, Trifolium montanum, Ranunculus bulbosus, and Briza media, to ambient and elevated temperature. We measured growth-related, reproductive and phenological traits, evaluated differences in trait plasticity and examined whether trait values or plasticities were positively related to approximate fitness and thus under selection. Elevated temperature induced plastic responses in several growth-related traits of all three species. Although flowering phenology was advanced in T. montanum and R. bulbosus, number of flowers and reproductive allocation were not increased under elevated temperature. Plasticity differed between low and high elevation populations only in leaf traits of T. montanum and B. media. Some growth-related and phenological traits were under selection. Moreover, plasticities were not correlated with approximate fitness indicating selectively neutral plastic responses to elevated temperature. The observed plasticity in growth-related and phenological traits, albeit variable among species, suggests that plasticity is an important mechanism in mediating plant responses to elevated temperature. However, the capacity of species to respond to climate change through phenotypic plasticity is limited suggesting that the species additionally need evolutionary adaptation to adjust to climate change. The observed selection on several growth-related and phenological traits indicates that the study species have the potential for future evolution in the context of a warming climate.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24901500</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0098677</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation Altitude Biological evolution Biology and Life Sciences Briza media Climate Change Ecological adaptation Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystems Elevation Environment Environmental conditions Evolution & development Fitness Flowering Flowers Flowers & plants Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic Variation Global temperature changes Global warming Grassland Grasslands Habitats High temperature Phenology Phenotypic plasticity Physiology Plant reproduction Plant species Plants - genetics Plastic properties Plasticity Plastics Populations Precipitation Quantitative Trait, Heritable Ranunculus bulbosus Reproductive fitness Seeds Selection, Genetic Studies Systems science Temperature Temperature effects Trifolium parryi montanense |
| title | Plastic responses to elevated temperature in low and high elevation populations of three grassland species |
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