Results from the first 12 months of the national surveillance of healthcare associated outbreaks in Germany, 2011/2012
In August 2011, the German Protection against Infection Act was amended, mandating the reporting of healthcare associated infection (HAI) outbreak notifications by all healthcare workers in Germany via local public health authorities and federal states to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). To describe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e98100-e98100 |
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| creator | Haller, Sebastian Eckmanns, Tim Benzler, Justus Tolksdorf, Kristin Claus, Hermann Gilsdorf, Andreas Sin, Muna Abu |
| description | In August 2011, the German Protection against Infection Act was amended, mandating the reporting of healthcare associated infection (HAI) outbreak notifications by all healthcare workers in Germany via local public health authorities and federal states to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI).
To describe the reported HAI-outbreaks and the surveillance system's structure and capabilities.
Information on each outbreak was collected using standard paper forms and notified to RKI. Notifications were screened daily and regularly analysed.
Between November 2011 and November 2012, 1,326 paper forms notified 578 HAI-outbreaks, between 7 and 116 outbreaks per month. The main causative agent was norovirus (n = 414/578; 72%). Among the 108 outbreaks caused by bacteria, the most frequent pathogens were Clostridium difficile (25%) Klebsiella spp. (19%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19%). Multidrug-resistant bacteria were responsible for 54/108 (50%) bacterial outbreaks. Hospitals were affected most frequently (485/578; 84%). Hospital outbreaks due to bacteria were mostly reported from intensive care units (ICUs) (45%), followed by internal medicine wards (16%).
The mandatory HAI-outbreak surveillance system describes common outbreaks. Pathogens with a particular high potential to cause large or severe outbreaks may be identified, enabling us to further focus research and preventive measures. Increasing the sensitivity and reliability of the data collection further will facilitate identification of outbreaks able to increase in size and severity, and guide specific control measures to interrupt their propagation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0098100 |
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To describe the reported HAI-outbreaks and the surveillance system's structure and capabilities.
Information on each outbreak was collected using standard paper forms and notified to RKI. Notifications were screened daily and regularly analysed.
Between November 2011 and November 2012, 1,326 paper forms notified 578 HAI-outbreaks, between 7 and 116 outbreaks per month. The main causative agent was norovirus (n = 414/578; 72%). Among the 108 outbreaks caused by bacteria, the most frequent pathogens were Clostridium difficile (25%) Klebsiella spp. (19%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19%). Multidrug-resistant bacteria were responsible for 54/108 (50%) bacterial outbreaks. Hospitals were affected most frequently (485/578; 84%). Hospital outbreaks due to bacteria were mostly reported from intensive care units (ICUs) (45%), followed by internal medicine wards (16%).
The mandatory HAI-outbreak surveillance system describes common outbreaks. Pathogens with a particular high potential to cause large or severe outbreaks may be identified, enabling us to further focus research and preventive measures. Increasing the sensitivity and reliability of the data collection further will facilitate identification of outbreaks able to increase in size and severity, and guide specific control measures to interrupt their propagation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098100</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24875674</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bacteria ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Clostridium difficile ; Communicable Disease Control - legislation & jurisprudence ; Cross infection ; Cross Infection - epidemiology ; Cross Infection - history ; Cross Infection - microbiology ; Data collection ; Disease Notification - history ; Disease Notification - legislation & jurisprudence ; Disease Outbreaks - history ; Disease prevention ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Fatalities ; Forms (paper) ; Germany - epidemiology ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health surveillance ; History, 21st Century ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Intensive care ; Intensive care units ; Klebsiella ; Mandatory Reporting - history ; Medical personnel ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Multidrug resistance ; Nosocomial infections ; Occupational health ; Outbreaks ; Pathogens ; Population Surveillance ; Public health ; Seasons ; Surveillance ; Time Factors ; Workers</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e98100-e98100</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Haller et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Haller et al 2014 Haller et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-62bda3b7a719f0fa66d68c71d24b7c54d4b3a3fe34e294017a24e38aa01fd753</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-62bda3b7a719f0fa66d68c71d24b7c54d4b3a3fe34e294017a24e38aa01fd753</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038582/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038582/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24875674$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Colizza, Vittoria</contributor><creatorcontrib>Haller, Sebastian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckmanns, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benzler, Justus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tolksdorf, Kristin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Claus, Hermann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilsdorf, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sin, Muna Abu</creatorcontrib><title>Results from the first 12 months of the national surveillance of healthcare associated outbreaks in Germany, 2011/2012</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In August 2011, the German Protection against Infection Act was amended, mandating the reporting of healthcare associated infection (HAI) outbreak notifications by all healthcare workers in Germany via local public health authorities and federal states to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI).
To describe the reported HAI-outbreaks and the surveillance system's structure and capabilities.
Information on each outbreak was collected using standard paper forms and notified to RKI. Notifications were screened daily and regularly analysed.
Between November 2011 and November 2012, 1,326 paper forms notified 578 HAI-outbreaks, between 7 and 116 outbreaks per month. The main causative agent was norovirus (n = 414/578; 72%). Among the 108 outbreaks caused by bacteria, the most frequent pathogens were Clostridium difficile (25%) Klebsiella spp. (19%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19%). Multidrug-resistant bacteria were responsible for 54/108 (50%) bacterial outbreaks. Hospitals were affected most frequently (485/578; 84%). Hospital outbreaks due to bacteria were mostly reported from intensive care units (ICUs) (45%), followed by internal medicine wards (16%).
The mandatory HAI-outbreak surveillance system describes common outbreaks. Pathogens with a particular high potential to cause large or severe outbreaks may be identified, enabling us to further focus research and preventive measures. Increasing the sensitivity and reliability of the data collection further will facilitate identification of outbreaks able to increase in size and severity, and guide specific control measures to interrupt their propagation.</description><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Clostridium difficile</subject><subject>Communicable Disease Control - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Cross infection</subject><subject>Cross Infection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - history</subject><subject>Cross Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Disease Notification - history</subject><subject>Disease Notification - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks - history</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Enterobacter cloacae</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Forms (paper)</subject><subject>Germany - epidemiology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>History, 21st Century</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Intensive care units</subject><subject>Klebsiella</subject><subject>Mandatory Reporting - history</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Multidrug resistance</subject><subject>Nosocomial infections</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Population Surveillance</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Workers</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk21r2zAQx83YWLtu32BshsHYYEn1ZMt-Myhl6wKFQlf2VpzlU6LMtlJJDuu3n9KkJRl9MQyyOP3uf6fTXZa9pWRKuaSnSzf6Abrpyg04JaSuKCHPsmNaczYpGeHP9_ZH2asQloQUvCrLl9kRE5UsSimOs_U1hrGLITfe9XlcYG6sDzGnLO_dEBchd-bePEC0LsXLw-jXaLsOBo2bwwVCFxcaPOYQgtMWIra5G2PjEX6H3A75BfoehrsvOSOUnqaFvc5eGOgCvtn9T7Kb799uzn9MLq8uZudnlxNd1iym3JsWeCNB0toQA2XZlpWWtGWikboQrWg4cINcIKsFoRKYQF4BEGpaWfCT7P1WdtW5oHYVC4oWnPCaCFkmYrYlWgdLtfK2B3-nHFh1b3B-rsBHqztUpjFCA62FZIWACmsoK1anZIoSBco6aX3dRRubHluNQ_TQHYgengx2oeZurQThVVGxJPBpJ-Dd7Yghqt4GjZtaoxu3edcFk0Qk9MM_6NO321FzSBewg3Eprt6IqjNBJWesLkiipk9Q6Wuxtzq1l7HJfuDw-cAhMRH_xDmMIajZz-v_Z69-HbIf99htYwXXjZvOC4eg2ILauxA8msciU6I20_FQDbWZDrWbjuT2bv-BHp0exoH_BdKhCLo</recordid><startdate>20140529</startdate><enddate>20140529</enddate><creator>Haller, Sebastian</creator><creator>Eckmanns, Tim</creator><creator>Benzler, Justus</creator><creator>Tolksdorf, Kristin</creator><creator>Claus, Hermann</creator><creator>Gilsdorf, Andreas</creator><creator>Sin, Muna Abu</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140529</creationdate><title>Results from the first 12 months of the national surveillance of healthcare associated outbreaks in Germany, 2011/2012</title><author>Haller, Sebastian ; Eckmanns, Tim ; Benzler, Justus ; Tolksdorf, Kristin ; Claus, Hermann ; Gilsdorf, Andreas ; Sin, Muna Abu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-62bda3b7a719f0fa66d68c71d24b7c54d4b3a3fe34e294017a24e38aa01fd753</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Clostridium difficile</topic><topic>Communicable Disease Control - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Haller, Sebastian</au><au>Eckmanns, Tim</au><au>Benzler, Justus</au><au>Tolksdorf, Kristin</au><au>Claus, Hermann</au><au>Gilsdorf, Andreas</au><au>Sin, Muna Abu</au><au>Colizza, Vittoria</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Results from the first 12 months of the national surveillance of healthcare associated outbreaks in Germany, 2011/2012</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-05-29</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e98100</spage><epage>e98100</epage><pages>e98100-e98100</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In August 2011, the German Protection against Infection Act was amended, mandating the reporting of healthcare associated infection (HAI) outbreak notifications by all healthcare workers in Germany via local public health authorities and federal states to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI).
To describe the reported HAI-outbreaks and the surveillance system's structure and capabilities.
Information on each outbreak was collected using standard paper forms and notified to RKI. Notifications were screened daily and regularly analysed.
Between November 2011 and November 2012, 1,326 paper forms notified 578 HAI-outbreaks, between 7 and 116 outbreaks per month. The main causative agent was norovirus (n = 414/578; 72%). Among the 108 outbreaks caused by bacteria, the most frequent pathogens were Clostridium difficile (25%) Klebsiella spp. (19%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19%). Multidrug-resistant bacteria were responsible for 54/108 (50%) bacterial outbreaks. Hospitals were affected most frequently (485/578; 84%). Hospital outbreaks due to bacteria were mostly reported from intensive care units (ICUs) (45%), followed by internal medicine wards (16%).
The mandatory HAI-outbreak surveillance system describes common outbreaks. Pathogens with a particular high potential to cause large or severe outbreaks may be identified, enabling us to further focus research and preventive measures. Increasing the sensitivity and reliability of the data collection further will facilitate identification of outbreaks able to increase in size and severity, and guide specific control measures to interrupt their propagation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24875674</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0098100</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacteria Biology and Life Sciences Clostridium difficile Communicable Disease Control - legislation & jurisprudence Cross infection Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - history Cross Infection - microbiology Data collection Disease Notification - history Disease Notification - legislation & jurisprudence Disease Outbreaks - history Disease prevention Enterobacter cloacae Epidemics Epidemiology Fatalities Forms (paper) Germany - epidemiology Health aspects Health care Health surveillance History, 21st Century Hospitals Humans Infections Infectious diseases Intensive care Intensive care units Klebsiella Mandatory Reporting - history Medical personnel Medicine and Health Sciences Multidrug resistance Nosocomial infections Occupational health Outbreaks Pathogens Population Surveillance Public health Seasons Surveillance Time Factors Workers |
| title | Results from the first 12 months of the national surveillance of healthcare associated outbreaks in Germany, 2011/2012 |
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