A special phase detector for magnetic inductive measurement of cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regio...
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| creator | Jin, Gui Sun, Jian Qin, Mingxin Chao Wang Guo, Wanyou Yan, Qingguang Peng, Bin Pan, Wencai |
| description | Cerebral hemorrhage is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regions of the world and in emergency departments and emergency zones. The magnetic inductive method is an emerging technology that may become a new tool to detect cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, a special phase detector (PD) was developed and used for cerebral hemorrhage detection with the magnetic inductive method. The performance indicated that the PD can achieve phase noise as low as 6 m° and a 4-hour phase drift as low as 30 m° at 21.4 MHz. The noise and drift decreased as the frequency decreased. The performance at 10.7 MHz was slightly better than that of other recently developed phase detection systems. To test the practicality of the system, the PD was used to detect the volume change in a self-made physical model of the brain. The measured phase shift was approximately proportional to the volume change of physiological saline inside the model. The change of the phase shift increased as the volume change and frequency increased. The results are in agreement with those from previous reports. To verify the feasibility of in vivo detection, an autologous blood injection model was established in rabbit brain. The results from the injection group showed a similar trend of increasing phase shift change with increasing injection volume. The average phase shift change induced by a 3-ml injection of blood was 0.502°±0.119°, which was much larger than that of the control group. The measurement system can distinguish a minimal cerebral hemorrhage volume of approximately 0.5 ml. All of the results demonstrated that the PD used with this method can detect cerebral hemorrhage. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0097179 |
| format | Article |
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These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regions of the world and in emergency departments and emergency zones. The magnetic inductive method is an emerging technology that may become a new tool to detect cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, a special phase detector (PD) was developed and used for cerebral hemorrhage detection with the magnetic inductive method. The performance indicated that the PD can achieve phase noise as low as 6 m° and a 4-hour phase drift as low as 30 m° at 21.4 MHz. The noise and drift decreased as the frequency decreased. The performance at 10.7 MHz was slightly better than that of other recently developed phase detection systems. To test the practicality of the system, the PD was used to detect the volume change in a self-made physical model of the brain. The measured phase shift was approximately proportional to the volume change of physiological saline inside the model. The change of the phase shift increased as the volume change and frequency increased. The results are in agreement with those from previous reports. To verify the feasibility of in vivo detection, an autologous blood injection model was established in rabbit brain. The results from the injection group showed a similar trend of increasing phase shift change with increasing injection volume. The average phase shift change induced by a 3-ml injection of blood was 0.502°±0.119°, which was much larger than that of the control group. The measurement system can distinguish a minimal cerebral hemorrhage volume of approximately 0.5 ml. All of the results demonstrated that the PD used with this method can detect cerebral hemorrhage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097179</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24816470</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomedical engineering ; Blood ; Brain ; Brain hemorrhage ; Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis ; Change detection ; Computed tomography ; Data collection ; Digitization ; Drift ; Engineering ; Engineering and Technology ; Feasibility studies ; Hemorrhage ; In vivo methods and tests ; Injection ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetics - instrumentation ; Magnetics - methods ; Measuring instruments ; Medical imaging ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Models, Biological ; Movement disorders ; Neuroimaging ; Noise ; Phase detectors ; Phase shift ; Phase transitions ; Positron emission ; Positron emission tomography ; Rabbits ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Signal processing ; Spectrum analysis ; Tomography</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e97179-e97179</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Jin et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Jin et al 2014 Jin et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8868ae92edda345cc4ca9e4f91153c57e29559197205e03e76434edfb912934b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8868ae92edda345cc4ca9e4f91153c57e29559197205e03e76434edfb912934b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016262/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016262/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816470$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Rubinsky, Boris</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jin, Gui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Mingxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao Wang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Wanyou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Qingguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Wencai</creatorcontrib><title>A special phase detector for magnetic inductive measurement of cerebral hemorrhage</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Cerebral hemorrhage is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regions of the world and in emergency departments and emergency zones. The magnetic inductive method is an emerging technology that may become a new tool to detect cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, a special phase detector (PD) was developed and used for cerebral hemorrhage detection with the magnetic inductive method. The performance indicated that the PD can achieve phase noise as low as 6 m° and a 4-hour phase drift as low as 30 m° at 21.4 MHz. The noise and drift decreased as the frequency decreased. The performance at 10.7 MHz was slightly better than that of other recently developed phase detection systems. To test the practicality of the system, the PD was used to detect the volume change in a self-made physical model of the brain. The measured phase shift was approximately proportional to the volume change of physiological saline inside the model. The change of the phase shift increased as the volume change and frequency increased. The results are in agreement with those from previous reports. To verify the feasibility of in vivo detection, an autologous blood injection model was established in rabbit brain. The results from the injection group showed a similar trend of increasing phase shift change with increasing injection volume. The average phase shift change induced by a 3-ml injection of blood was 0.502°±0.119°, which was much larger than that of the control group. The measurement system can distinguish a minimal cerebral hemorrhage volume of approximately 0.5 ml. All of the results demonstrated that the PD used with this method can detect cerebral hemorrhage.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical engineering</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain hemorrhage</subject><subject>Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis</subject><subject>Change detection</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Digitization</subject><subject>Drift</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Feasibility studies</subject><subject>Hemorrhage</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetics - instrumentation</subject><subject>Magnetics - methods</subject><subject>Measuring instruments</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Movement disorders</subject><subject>Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Phase detectors</subject><subject>Phase shift</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Positron emission</subject><subject>Positron emission tomography</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Signal processing</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1DAUhoso7jr6D0QLgujFjPlqmtwIw-LHwMLC-nEb0vS0zdA2NWkX_fdmdrrLVPZCSmhIn_OevidvkrzEaINpjj_s3eR73W4G18MGIZnjXD5KzrGkZM0Joo9P9mfJsxD2CGVUcP40OSNMYM5ydJ5cb9MwgLG6TYdGB0hLGMGMzqdVXJ2uexitSW1fTma0N5B2oMPkoYN-TF2VGvBQ-FjdQOe8b3QNz5MnlW4DvJjfq-TH50_fL76uL6--7C62l2vDJRnXQnChQRIoS01ZZgwzWgKrJMYZNVkORGaZxDInKANEIeeMMiirQmIiKSvoKnl91B1aF9Q8jqBwRohkgnIRid2RKJ3eq8HbTvs_ymmrbg-cr5X20V4LSvIy44IgURSG8QIJUpUgTJlVxDAsD90-zt2mooPSRP_R9kJ0-aW3jardjWIIc8JJFHg3C3j3a4Iwqs4GA22re3DT7X8znLN4jxF98w_6sLuZqnU0YPvKxb7mIKq2DAtOqYxrlWweoOJTQmdNzE5l4_mi4P2iIDIj_B5rPYWgdt-u_5-9-rlk356wDeh2bIJrp9G6PixBdgSNdyF4qO6HjJE6RP9uGuoQfTVHP5a9Or2g-6K7rNO_8e_93A</recordid><startdate>20140509</startdate><enddate>20140509</enddate><creator>Jin, 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special phase detector for magnetic inductive measurement of cerebral hemorrhage</title><author>Jin, Gui ; Sun, Jian ; Qin, Mingxin ; Chao Wang ; Guo, Wanyou ; Yan, Qingguang ; Peng, Bin ; Pan, Wencai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8868ae92edda345cc4ca9e4f91153c57e29559197205e03e76434edfb912934b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical engineering</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain hemorrhage</topic><topic>Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis</topic><topic>Change detection</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Digitization</topic><topic>Drift</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Feasibility studies</topic><topic>Hemorrhage</topic><topic>In vivo methods and tests</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Magnetics - instrumentation</topic><topic>Magnetics - methods</topic><topic>Measuring instruments</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Movement disorders</topic><topic>Neuroimaging</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Phase detectors</topic><topic>Phase shift</topic><topic>Phase transitions</topic><topic>Positron emission</topic><topic>Positron emission tomography</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Signal processing</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jin, Gui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Mingxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao 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Mingxin</au><au>Chao Wang</au><au>Guo, Wanyou</au><au>Yan, Qingguang</au><au>Peng, Bin</au><au>Pan, Wencai</au><au>Rubinsky, Boris</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A special phase detector for magnetic inductive measurement of cerebral hemorrhage</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-05-09</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e97179</spage><epage>e97179</epage><pages>e97179-e97179</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Cerebral hemorrhage is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regions of the world and in emergency departments and emergency zones. The magnetic inductive method is an emerging technology that may become a new tool to detect cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, a special phase detector (PD) was developed and used for cerebral hemorrhage detection with the magnetic inductive method. The performance indicated that the PD can achieve phase noise as low as 6 m° and a 4-hour phase drift as low as 30 m° at 21.4 MHz. The noise and drift decreased as the frequency decreased. The performance at 10.7 MHz was slightly better than that of other recently developed phase detection systems. To test the practicality of the system, the PD was used to detect the volume change in a self-made physical model of the brain. The measured phase shift was approximately proportional to the volume change of physiological saline inside the model. The change of the phase shift increased as the volume change and frequency increased. The results are in agreement with those from previous reports. To verify the feasibility of in vivo detection, an autologous blood injection model was established in rabbit brain. The results from the injection group showed a similar trend of increasing phase shift change with increasing injection volume. The average phase shift change induced by a 3-ml injection of blood was 0.502°±0.119°, which was much larger than that of the control group. The measurement system can distinguish a minimal cerebral hemorrhage volume of approximately 0.5 ml. All of the results demonstrated that the PD used with this method can detect cerebral hemorrhage.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24816470</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0097179</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biology and Life Sciences Biomedical engineering Blood Brain Brain hemorrhage Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis Change detection Computed tomography Data collection Digitization Drift Engineering Engineering and Technology Feasibility studies Hemorrhage In vivo methods and tests Injection Magnetic fields Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetics - instrumentation Magnetics - methods Measuring instruments Medical imaging Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Models, Biological Movement disorders Neuroimaging Noise Phase detectors Phase shift Phase transitions Positron emission Positron emission tomography Rabbits Research and Analysis Methods Signal processing Spectrum analysis Tomography |
| title | A special phase detector for magnetic inductive measurement of cerebral hemorrhage |
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