A tracer bolus method for investigating glutamine kinetics in humans
Glutamine transport between tissues is important for the outcome of critically ill patients. Investigation of glutamine kinetics is, therefore, necessary to understand glutamine metabolism in these patients in order to improve future intervention studies. Endogenous glutamine production can be measu...
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description | Glutamine transport between tissues is important for the outcome of critically ill patients. Investigation of glutamine kinetics is, therefore, necessary to understand glutamine metabolism in these patients in order to improve future intervention studies. Endogenous glutamine production can be measured by continuous infusion of a glutamine tracer, which necessitates a minimum measurement time period. In order to reduce this problem, we used and validated a tracer bolus injection method. Furthermore, this method was used to measure the glutamine production in healthy volunteers in the post-absorptive state, with extra alanine and with glutamine supplementation and parenteral nutrition. Healthy volunteers received a bolus injection of [1-13C] glutamine, and blood was collected from the radial artery to measure tracer enrichment over 90 minutes. Endogenous rate of appearance (endoRa) of glutamine was calculated from the enrichment decay curve and corrected for the extra glutamine supplementation. The glutamine endoRa of healthy volunteers was 6.1±0.9 µmol/kg/min in the post-absorptive state, 6.9±1.0 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine (p = 0.29 versus control), 6.1±0.4 µmol/kg/min with extra alanine only (p = 0.32 versus control), and 7.5±0.9 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine and parenteral nutrition (p = 0.049 versus control). In conclusion, a tracer bolus injection method to measure glutamine endoRa showed good reproducibility and small variation at baseline as well as during parenteral nutrition. Additionally, we showed that parenteral nutrition including alanyl-glutamine increased glutamine endoRa in healthy volunteers, which was not attributable to the alanine part of the dipeptide. |
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Investigation of glutamine kinetics is, therefore, necessary to understand glutamine metabolism in these patients in order to improve future intervention studies. Endogenous glutamine production can be measured by continuous infusion of a glutamine tracer, which necessitates a minimum measurement time period. In order to reduce this problem, we used and validated a tracer bolus injection method. Furthermore, this method was used to measure the glutamine production in healthy volunteers in the post-absorptive state, with extra alanine and with glutamine supplementation and parenteral nutrition. Healthy volunteers received a bolus injection of [1-13C] glutamine, and blood was collected from the radial artery to measure tracer enrichment over 90 minutes. Endogenous rate of appearance (endoRa) of glutamine was calculated from the enrichment decay curve and corrected for the extra glutamine supplementation. The glutamine endoRa of healthy volunteers was 6.1±0.9 µmol/kg/min in the post-absorptive state, 6.9±1.0 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine (p = 0.29 versus control), 6.1±0.4 µmol/kg/min with extra alanine only (p = 0.32 versus control), and 7.5±0.9 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine and parenteral nutrition (p = 0.049 versus control). In conclusion, a tracer bolus injection method to measure glutamine endoRa showed good reproducibility and small variation at baseline as well as during parenteral nutrition. Additionally, we showed that parenteral nutrition including alanyl-glutamine increased glutamine endoRa in healthy volunteers, which was not attributable to the alanine part of the dipeptide.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096601</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24810895</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Absorptivity ; Adult ; Alanine ; Alanine - pharmacology ; Amino acids ; Analysis ; Anesthesiology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carbon Isotopes ; Chromatography ; Decay rate ; Dietary Supplements ; Dipeptides - pharmacology ; Drug delivery systems ; Drug dosages ; Enrichment ; Ethics ; Female ; Glutamine ; Glutamine - administration & dosage ; Glutamine - biosynthesis ; Glutamine - blood ; Glutamine - pharmacokinetics ; Heat shock proteins ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Injection ; Injections ; Intensive care ; Investigations ; Kinetics ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Methods ; Mortality ; Musculoskeletal system ; Nutrition ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Patients ; Physical Sciences ; Plasma ; Radioactive Tracers ; Reproducibility ; Studies ; Tissues ; Tracers (Biology)</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e96601</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Mori et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Mori et al 2014 Mori et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c730t-aa31c76d1d3c676ee0a5fa934e25df91d4001dfbc9bcef2db461db45d9d394383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c730t-aa31c76d1d3c676ee0a5fa934e25df91d4001dfbc9bcef2db461db45d9d394383</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014541/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014541/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,550,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24810895$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:129277247$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Blachier, François</contributor><creatorcontrib>Mori, Maiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smedberg, Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klaude, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjäder, Inga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norberg, Ake</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rooyackers, Olav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wernerman, Jan</creatorcontrib><title>A tracer bolus method for investigating glutamine kinetics in humans</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Glutamine transport between tissues is important for the outcome of critically ill patients. Investigation of glutamine kinetics is, therefore, necessary to understand glutamine metabolism in these patients in order to improve future intervention studies. Endogenous glutamine production can be measured by continuous infusion of a glutamine tracer, which necessitates a minimum measurement time period. In order to reduce this problem, we used and validated a tracer bolus injection method. Furthermore, this method was used to measure the glutamine production in healthy volunteers in the post-absorptive state, with extra alanine and with glutamine supplementation and parenteral nutrition. Healthy volunteers received a bolus injection of [1-13C] glutamine, and blood was collected from the radial artery to measure tracer enrichment over 90 minutes. Endogenous rate of appearance (endoRa) of glutamine was calculated from the enrichment decay curve and corrected for the extra glutamine supplementation. The glutamine endoRa of healthy volunteers was 6.1±0.9 µmol/kg/min in the post-absorptive state, 6.9±1.0 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine (p = 0.29 versus control), 6.1±0.4 µmol/kg/min with extra alanine only (p = 0.32 versus control), and 7.5±0.9 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine and parenteral nutrition (p = 0.049 versus control). In conclusion, a tracer bolus injection method to measure glutamine endoRa showed good reproducibility and small variation at baseline as well as during parenteral nutrition. Additionally, we showed that parenteral nutrition including alanyl-glutamine increased glutamine endoRa in healthy volunteers, which was not attributable to the alanine part of the dipeptide.</description><subject>Absorptivity</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alanine</subject><subject>Alanine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carbon Isotopes</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Decay rate</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Dipeptides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Drug delivery systems</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glutamine</subject><subject>Glutamine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Glutamine - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Glutamine - blood</subject><subject>Glutamine - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Heat shock proteins</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Injections</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Parenteral Nutrition</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Radioactive Tracers</subject><subject>Reproducibility</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Tracers 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tracer bolus method for investigating glutamine kinetics in humans</title><author>Mori, Maiko ; Smedberg, Marie ; Klaude, Maria ; Tjäder, Inga ; Norberg, Ake ; Rooyackers, Olav ; Wernerman, Jan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c730t-aa31c76d1d3c676ee0a5fa934e25df91d4001dfbc9bcef2db461db45d9d394383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Absorptivity</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alanine</topic><topic>Alanine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Carbon Isotopes</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Decay rate</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Dipeptides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Drug delivery systems</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glutamine</topic><topic>Glutamine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Glutamine - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Glutamine - blood</topic><topic>Glutamine - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Heat shock proteins</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illnesses</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Injections</topic><topic>Intensive care</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Parenteral Nutrition</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Radioactive Tracers</topic><topic>Reproducibility</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Tracers 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Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mori, Maiko</au><au>Smedberg, Marie</au><au>Klaude, Maria</au><au>Tjäder, Inga</au><au>Norberg, Ake</au><au>Rooyackers, Olav</au><au>Wernerman, Jan</au><au>Blachier, François</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A tracer bolus method for investigating glutamine kinetics in humans</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-05-08</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e96601</spage><pages>e96601-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Glutamine transport between tissues is important for the outcome of critically ill patients. Investigation of glutamine kinetics is, therefore, necessary to understand glutamine metabolism in these patients in order to improve future intervention studies. Endogenous glutamine production can be measured by continuous infusion of a glutamine tracer, which necessitates a minimum measurement time period. In order to reduce this problem, we used and validated a tracer bolus injection method. Furthermore, this method was used to measure the glutamine production in healthy volunteers in the post-absorptive state, with extra alanine and with glutamine supplementation and parenteral nutrition. Healthy volunteers received a bolus injection of [1-13C] glutamine, and blood was collected from the radial artery to measure tracer enrichment over 90 minutes. Endogenous rate of appearance (endoRa) of glutamine was calculated from the enrichment decay curve and corrected for the extra glutamine supplementation. The glutamine endoRa of healthy volunteers was 6.1±0.9 µmol/kg/min in the post-absorptive state, 6.9±1.0 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine (p = 0.29 versus control), 6.1±0.4 µmol/kg/min with extra alanine only (p = 0.32 versus control), and 7.5±0.9 µmol/kg/min with extra alanyl-glutamine and parenteral nutrition (p = 0.049 versus control). In conclusion, a tracer bolus injection method to measure glutamine endoRa showed good reproducibility and small variation at baseline as well as during parenteral nutrition. Additionally, we showed that parenteral nutrition including alanyl-glutamine increased glutamine endoRa in healthy volunteers, which was not attributable to the alanine part of the dipeptide.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24810895</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0096601</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Absorptivity Adult Alanine Alanine - pharmacology Amino acids Analysis Anesthesiology Biology and Life Sciences Carbon Isotopes Chromatography Decay rate Dietary Supplements Dipeptides - pharmacology Drug delivery systems Drug dosages Enrichment Ethics Female Glutamine Glutamine - administration & dosage Glutamine - biosynthesis Glutamine - blood Glutamine - pharmacokinetics Heat shock proteins Humans Illnesses Injection Injections Intensive care Investigations Kinetics Male Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Methods Mortality Musculoskeletal system Nutrition Parenteral Nutrition Patients Physical Sciences Plasma Radioactive Tracers Reproducibility Studies Tissues Tracers (Biology) |
title | A tracer bolus method for investigating glutamine kinetics in humans |
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