Intraspecific differences in lipid content of calanoid copepods across fine-scale depth ranges within the photic layer
Copepods are among the most abundant and diverse groups of mesozooplankton in the world's oceans. Each species has a certain depth range within which different individuals (of the same life stage and sex) are found. Lipids are accumulated in many calanoid copepods for energy storage and reprodu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-03, Vol.9 (3), p.e92935-e92935 |
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| description | Copepods are among the most abundant and diverse groups of mesozooplankton in the world's oceans. Each species has a certain depth range within which different individuals (of the same life stage and sex) are found. Lipids are accumulated in many calanoid copepods for energy storage and reproduction. Lipid content in some species increases with depth, however studies so far focused mostly on temperate and high-latitude seasonal vertically migrating copepods and compared lipid contents among individuals either from coarse layers or between diapausing, deep-dwelling copepods and individuals found in the photic, near-surface layer. Here we examined whether lipid contents of individual calanoid copepods of the same species, life stage/sex differ between finer depth layers within the upper water column of subtropical and Arctic seas. A total of 6 calanoid species were collected from samples taken at precise depths within the photic layer in both cold eutrophic and warm oligotrophic environments using SCUBA diving, MOCNESS and Multinet. Measurements of lipid content were obtained from digitized photographs of the collected individuals. The results revealed significant differences in lipid content across depth differences as small as 12-15 meters for Mecynocera clausi C5 and Ctenocalanus vanus C5 (Red Sea), Clausocalanus furcatus males and two clausocalanid C5s (Mediterranean Sea), and Calanus glacialis C5 (Arctic). We suggest two possible explanations for the differences in lipid content with depth on such a fine scale: predator avoidance and buoyancy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0092935 |
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Each species has a certain depth range within which different individuals (of the same life stage and sex) are found. Lipids are accumulated in many calanoid copepods for energy storage and reproduction. Lipid content in some species increases with depth, however studies so far focused mostly on temperate and high-latitude seasonal vertically migrating copepods and compared lipid contents among individuals either from coarse layers or between diapausing, deep-dwelling copepods and individuals found in the photic, near-surface layer. Here we examined whether lipid contents of individual calanoid copepods of the same species, life stage/sex differ between finer depth layers within the upper water column of subtropical and Arctic seas. A total of 6 calanoid species were collected from samples taken at precise depths within the photic layer in both cold eutrophic and warm oligotrophic environments using SCUBA diving, MOCNESS and Multinet. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</rights><rights>2014 Zarubin et al 2014 Zarubin et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c715t-a575b298f20ed105a8c4c80d942cc109903f521be2130ed9687c1ffbdbe242b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c715t-a575b298f20ed105a8c4c80d942cc109903f521be2130ed9687c1ffbdbe242b13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3965483/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3965483/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,26567,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24667529$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Dam, Hans G.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Zarubin, Margarita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farstey, Viviana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wold, Anette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falk-Petersen, Stig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Genin, Amatzia</creatorcontrib><title>Intraspecific differences in lipid content of calanoid copepods across fine-scale depth ranges within the photic layer</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Copepods are among the most abundant and diverse groups of mesozooplankton in the world's oceans. 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We suggest two possible explanations for the differences in lipid content with depth on such a fine scale: predator avoidance and buoyancy.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arctic Regions</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Calanus finmarchicus</subject><subject>Coasts</subject><subject>Copepoda</subject><subject>Copepoda - growth & development</subject><subject>Copepoda - metabolism</subject><subject>Copepods</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Digitization</subject><subject>Diving</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology: 488</subject><subject>Energy storage</subject><subject>Eutrophic environments</subject><subject>Eutrophic waters</subject><subject>Eutrophication</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Life Cycle Stages</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Lipid 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480</subject><subject>Zoology and botany: 480</subject><subject>Zooplankton</subject><subject>Økologi: 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differences in lipid content of calanoid copepods across fine-scale depth ranges within the photic layer</title><author>Zarubin, Margarita ; Farstey, Viviana ; Wold, Anette ; Falk-Petersen, Stig ; Genin, Amatzia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c715t-a575b298f20ed105a8c4c80d942cc109903f521be2130ed9687c1ffbdbe242b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arctic Regions</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Calanus finmarchicus</topic><topic>Coasts</topic><topic>Copepoda</topic><topic>Copepoda - growth & development</topic><topic>Copepoda - metabolism</topic><topic>Copepods</topic><topic>Developmental stages</topic><topic>Digitization</topic><topic>Diving</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology: 488</topic><topic>Energy storage</topic><topic>Eutrophic 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oceans. Each species has a certain depth range within which different individuals (of the same life stage and sex) are found. Lipids are accumulated in many calanoid copepods for energy storage and reproduction. Lipid content in some species increases with depth, however studies so far focused mostly on temperate and high-latitude seasonal vertically migrating copepods and compared lipid contents among individuals either from coarse layers or between diapausing, deep-dwelling copepods and individuals found in the photic, near-surface layer. Here we examined whether lipid contents of individual calanoid copepods of the same species, life stage/sex differ between finer depth layers within the upper water column of subtropical and Arctic seas. A total of 6 calanoid species were collected from samples taken at precise depths within the photic layer in both cold eutrophic and warm oligotrophic environments using SCUBA diving, MOCNESS and Multinet. Measurements of lipid content were obtained from digitized photographs of the collected individuals. The results revealed significant differences in lipid content across depth differences as small as 12-15 meters for Mecynocera clausi C5 and Ctenocalanus vanus C5 (Red Sea), Clausocalanus furcatus males and two clausocalanid C5s (Mediterranean Sea), and Calanus glacialis C5 (Arctic). We suggest two possible explanations for the differences in lipid content with depth on such a fine scale: predator avoidance and buoyancy.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24667529</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0092935</doi><tpages>e92935</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-03, Vol.9 (3), p.e92935-e92935 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1510195211 |
| source | MEDLINE; NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Arctic Regions Biology and Life Sciences Calanus finmarchicus Coasts Copepoda Copepoda - growth & development Copepoda - metabolism Copepods Developmental stages Digitization Diving Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecology: 488 Energy storage Eutrophic environments Eutrophic waters Eutrophication Female Fisheries Food Life Cycle Stages Life sciences Lipid Metabolism Lipids Male Males Marinbiologi: 497 Marine biology: 497 Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Mathematics and natural science: 400 Measuring instruments Oceanography Oceans Oligotrophic environments Plankton Polar environments Population Density Reproduction (biology) Reynolds number Scuba diving Seawater Sex Sex Factors Species Surface boundary layer Temperature Tropical Climate VDP Water column Water depth Water temperature Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Zoology and botany: 480 Zooplankton Økologi: 488 |
| title | Intraspecific differences in lipid content of calanoid copepods across fine-scale depth ranges within the photic layer |
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