Effect of age on complexity and causality of the cardiovascular control: comparison between model-based and model-free approaches
The proposed approach evaluates complexity of the cardiovascular control and causality among cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms from spontaneous variability of heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (RESP). It relies on construction of a multivariate embedding space, o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-02, Vol.9 (2), p.e89463-e89463 |
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| creator | Porta, Alberto Faes, Luca Bari, Vlasta Marchi, Andrea Bassani, Tito Nollo, Giandomenico Perseguini, Natália Maria Milan, Juliana Minatel, Vinícius Borghi-Silva, Audrey Takahashi, Anielle C M Catai, Aparecida M |
| description | The proposed approach evaluates complexity of the cardiovascular control and causality among cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms from spontaneous variability of heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (RESP). It relies on construction of a multivariate embedding space, optimization of the embedding dimension and a procedure allowing the selection of the components most suitable to form the multivariate embedding space. Moreover, it allows the comparison between linear model-based (MB) and nonlinear model-free (MF) techniques and between MF approaches exploiting local predictability (LP) and conditional entropy (CE). The framework was applied to study age-related modifications of complexity and causality in healthy humans in supine resting (REST) and during standing (STAND). We found that: 1) MF approaches are more efficient than the MB method when nonlinear components are present, while the reverse situation holds in presence of high dimensional embedding spaces; 2) the CE method is the least powerful in detecting age-related trends; 3) the association of HP complexity on age suggests an impairment of cardiac regulation and response to STAND; 4) the relation of SAP complexity on age indicates a gradual increase of sympathetic activity and a reduced responsiveness of vasomotor control to STAND; 5) the association from SAP to HP on age during STAND reveals a progressive inefficiency of baroreflex; 6) the reduced connection from HP to SAP with age might be linked to the progressive exploitation of Frank-Starling mechanism at REST and to the progressive increase of peripheral resistances during STAND; 7) at REST the diminished association from RESP to HP with age suggests a vagal withdrawal and a gradual uncoupling between respiratory activity and heart; 8) the weakened connection from RESP to SAP with age might be related to the progressive increase of left ventricular thickness and vascular stiffness and to the gradual decrease of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0089463 |
| format | Article |
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It relies on construction of a multivariate embedding space, optimization of the embedding dimension and a procedure allowing the selection of the components most suitable to form the multivariate embedding space. Moreover, it allows the comparison between linear model-based (MB) and nonlinear model-free (MF) techniques and between MF approaches exploiting local predictability (LP) and conditional entropy (CE). The framework was applied to study age-related modifications of complexity and causality in healthy humans in supine resting (REST) and during standing (STAND). We found that: 1) MF approaches are more efficient than the MB method when nonlinear components are present, while the reverse situation holds in presence of high dimensional embedding spaces; 2) the CE method is the least powerful in detecting age-related trends; 3) the association of HP complexity on age suggests an impairment of cardiac regulation and response to STAND; 4) the relation of SAP complexity on age indicates a gradual increase of sympathetic activity and a reduced responsiveness of vasomotor control to STAND; 5) the association from SAP to HP on age during STAND reveals a progressive inefficiency of baroreflex; 6) the reduced connection from HP to SAP with age might be linked to the progressive exploitation of Frank-Starling mechanism at REST and to the progressive increase of peripheral resistances during STAND; 7) at REST the diminished association from RESP to HP with age suggests a vagal withdrawal and a gradual uncoupling between respiratory activity and heart; 8) the weakened connection from RESP to SAP with age might be related to the progressive increase of left ventricular thickness and vascular stiffness and to the gradual decrease of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089463</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24586796</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aging ; Analysis ; Arrhythmia ; Arterial Pressure - physiology ; Baroreceptors ; Baroreflex - physiology ; Bioengineering ; Blood pressure ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular system ; Causality ; Complexity ; Embedding ; Engineering ; Entropy ; Exploitation ; Female ; Heart ; Heart - physiology ; Heart diseases ; Heart rate ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Mathematics ; Medicine ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Optimization ; Physiology ; Posture - physiology ; Reflexes ; Regulatory mechanisms (biology) ; Respiration ; Rest ; SAP protein ; Senescence ; Short term ; Sinus ; Stiffness ; Stockholders ; Time series ; Vagus nerve ; Ventricle ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-02, Vol.9 (2), p.e89463-e89463</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Porta et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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It relies on construction of a multivariate embedding space, optimization of the embedding dimension and a procedure allowing the selection of the components most suitable to form the multivariate embedding space. Moreover, it allows the comparison between linear model-based (MB) and nonlinear model-free (MF) techniques and between MF approaches exploiting local predictability (LP) and conditional entropy (CE). The framework was applied to study age-related modifications of complexity and causality in healthy humans in supine resting (REST) and during standing (STAND). We found that: 1) MF approaches are more efficient than the MB method when nonlinear components are present, while the reverse situation holds in presence of high dimensional embedding spaces; 2) the CE method is the least powerful in detecting age-related trends; 3) the association of HP complexity on age suggests an impairment of cardiac regulation and response to STAND; 4) the relation of SAP complexity on age indicates a gradual increase of sympathetic activity and a reduced responsiveness of vasomotor control to STAND; 5) the association from SAP to HP on age during STAND reveals a progressive inefficiency of baroreflex; 6) the reduced connection from HP to SAP with age might be linked to the progressive exploitation of Frank-Starling mechanism at REST and to the progressive increase of peripheral resistances during STAND; 7) at REST the diminished association from RESP to HP with age suggests a vagal withdrawal and a gradual uncoupling between respiratory activity and heart; 8) the weakened connection from RESP to SAP with age might be related to the progressive increase of left ventricular thickness and vascular stiffness and to the gradual decrease of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Arrhythmia</subject><subject>Arterial Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Baroreceptors</subject><subject>Baroreflex - physiology</subject><subject>Bioengineering</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Causality</subject><subject>Complexity</subject><subject>Embedding</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Entropy</subject><subject>Exploitation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart - physiology</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematics</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Models, Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Nonlinear Dynamics</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Posture - physiology</subject><subject>Reflexes</subject><subject>Regulatory mechanisms (biology)</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Rest</subject><subject>SAP protein</subject><subject>Senescence</subject><subject>Short term</subject><subject>Sinus</subject><subject>Stiffness</subject><subject>Stockholders</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Vagus nerve</subject><subject>Ventricle</subject><subject>Young 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model-based and model-free approaches</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-02-24</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e89463</spage><epage>e89463</epage><pages>e89463-e89463</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The proposed approach evaluates complexity of the cardiovascular control and causality among cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms from spontaneous variability of heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (RESP). It relies on construction of a multivariate embedding space, optimization of the embedding dimension and a procedure allowing the selection of the components most suitable to form the multivariate embedding space. Moreover, it allows the comparison between linear model-based (MB) and nonlinear model-free (MF) techniques and between MF approaches exploiting local predictability (LP) and conditional entropy (CE). The framework was applied to study age-related modifications of complexity and causality in healthy humans in supine resting (REST) and during standing (STAND). We found that: 1) MF approaches are more efficient than the MB method when nonlinear components are present, while the reverse situation holds in presence of high dimensional embedding spaces; 2) the CE method is the least powerful in detecting age-related trends; 3) the association of HP complexity on age suggests an impairment of cardiac regulation and response to STAND; 4) the relation of SAP complexity on age indicates a gradual increase of sympathetic activity and a reduced responsiveness of vasomotor control to STAND; 5) the association from SAP to HP on age during STAND reveals a progressive inefficiency of baroreflex; 6) the reduced connection from HP to SAP with age might be linked to the progressive exploitation of Frank-Starling mechanism at REST and to the progressive increase of peripheral resistances during STAND; 7) at REST the diminished association from RESP to HP with age suggests a vagal withdrawal and a gradual uncoupling between respiratory activity and heart; 8) the weakened connection from RESP to SAP with age might be related to the progressive increase of left ventricular thickness and vascular stiffness and to the gradual decrease of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24586796</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0089463</doi><tpages>e89463</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1501613731 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adult Age Age Factors Aged Aging Analysis Arrhythmia Arterial Pressure - physiology Baroreceptors Baroreflex - physiology Bioengineering Blood pressure Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular system Causality Complexity Embedding Engineering Entropy Exploitation Female Heart Heart - physiology Heart diseases Heart rate Humans Linear Models Male Mathematics Medicine Methods Middle Aged Models, Cardiovascular Nonlinear Dynamics Optimization Physiology Posture - physiology Reflexes Regulatory mechanisms (biology) Respiration Rest SAP protein Senescence Short term Sinus Stiffness Stockholders Time series Vagus nerve Ventricle Young Adult |
| title | Effect of age on complexity and causality of the cardiovascular control: comparison between model-based and model-free approaches |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T14%3A25%3A05IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect%20of%20age%20on%20complexity%20and%20causality%20of%20the%20cardiovascular%20control:%20comparison%20between%20model-based%20and%20model-free%20approaches&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Porta,%20Alberto&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e89463&rft.epage=e89463&rft.pages=e89463-e89463&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089463&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478794201%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1501613731&rft_id=info:pmid/24586796&rft_galeid=A478794201&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b19a402d40d54447a4a2f504d6be53e3&rfr_iscdi=true |