Decreased peripheral natural killer cells activity in the immune activated stage of chronic hepatitis B
The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by different immune responses, ranging from immune tolerant (IT) to immune activated (IA) stages. In our study, we investigated the natural killer (NK) cells activity in patients at different immunological stages of chr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-02, Vol.9 (2), p.e86927-e86927 |
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| creator | Li, Yuan Wang, Jiu-Jun Gao, Shan Liu, Qian Bai, Jia Zhao, Xue-Qi Hao, You-Hua Ding, Hong-Hui Zhu, Fan Yang, Dong-Liang Zhao, Xi-Ping |
| description | The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by different immune responses, ranging from immune tolerant (IT) to immune activated (IA) stages. In our study, we investigated the natural killer (NK) cells activity in patients at different immunological stages of chronic HBV infection.
Blood samples obtained from 57 HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 15 patients in the immune tolerant (IT) stage, 42 patients in the immune activated (IA) stage, and 18 healthy individuals (HI). The analyses included flow cytometry to detect NK cells, the determination of cytokine levels as well as of surface receptor expression and cytotoxicity.
NK cells in peripheral blood were significantly lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to HI (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0086927 |
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Blood samples obtained from 57 HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 15 patients in the immune tolerant (IT) stage, 42 patients in the immune activated (IA) stage, and 18 healthy individuals (HI). The analyses included flow cytometry to detect NK cells, the determination of cytokine levels as well as of surface receptor expression and cytotoxicity.
NK cells in peripheral blood were significantly lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to HI (p<0.05). Patients in the IA stage of CHB had lower levels of NK cells activating receptor NKp30 and NKG2D expression, cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, as compared to patients in the IT stage and HI, respectively (p<0.05). Cytotoxicity of NK cells was lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to patients in the IT stage and HI, respectively (p<0.05). The level of IFN-γ but not level of TNF-α and cytotoxicity of NK cells was inversely correlated with serum HBV load in patients with CHB. Peripheral NK cells activity did not correlate with ALT level.
NK cells activity was lower in CHB patients, especially in those in the IA stage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086927</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24520324</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alanine Transaminase - blood ; Analysis ; Biological response modifiers ; Biology ; Blood ; Chronic infection ; Cytokines ; Cytometry ; Cytotoxicity ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Development and progression ; DNA, Viral - blood ; Flow cytometry ; Gastroenterology ; Health aspects ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B e antigen ; Hepatitis B virus - immunology ; Hepatitis B virus - physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic - blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic - immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic - pathology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic - virology ; Hepatology ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Immune response ; Immunity - immunology ; Immunology ; Infection ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Inflammation ; Interferon ; Interferon-gamma - metabolism ; Killer cells ; Killer Cells, Natural - immunology ; Liver - pathology ; Liver - virology ; Liver diseases ; Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology ; Lymphocytes ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Natural killer cells ; NKG2 antigen ; Pathogenesis ; Patients ; Peripheral blood ; Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism ; Science ; T cell receptors ; T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Toxicity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Virus Replication ; Viruses ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-02, Vol.9 (2), p.e86927-e86927</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Li et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Li et al 2014 Li et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-18b5f011f804a2899e43f4af74da090d5e9a76167a2a199daa8bd53eb110fbfa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-18b5f011f804a2899e43f4af74da090d5e9a76167a2a199daa8bd53eb110fbfa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919705/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919705/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23847,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24520324$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Sandberg, Johan K.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Li, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jiu-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Xue-Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, You-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Hong-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Fan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Dong-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Xi-Ping</creatorcontrib><title>Decreased peripheral natural killer cells activity in the immune activated stage of chronic hepatitis B</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by different immune responses, ranging from immune tolerant (IT) to immune activated (IA) stages. In our study, we investigated the natural killer (NK) cells activity in patients at different immunological stages of chronic HBV infection.
Blood samples obtained from 57 HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 15 patients in the immune tolerant (IT) stage, 42 patients in the immune activated (IA) stage, and 18 healthy individuals (HI). The analyses included flow cytometry to detect NK cells, the determination of cytokine levels as well as of surface receptor expression and cytotoxicity.
NK cells in peripheral blood were significantly lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to HI (p<0.05). Patients in the IA stage of CHB had lower levels of NK cells activating receptor NKp30 and NKG2D expression, cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, as compared to patients in the IT stage and HI, respectively (p<0.05). Cytotoxicity of NK cells was lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to patients in the IT stage and HI, respectively (p<0.05). The level of IFN-γ but not level of TNF-α and cytotoxicity of NK cells was inversely correlated with serum HBV load in patients with CHB. Peripheral NK cells activity did not correlate with ALT level.
NK cells activity was lower in CHB patients, especially in those in the IA stage.</description><subject>Alanine Transaminase - blood</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biological response modifiers</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Chronic infection</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytometry</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity, Immunologic</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>DNA, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B</subject><subject>Hepatitis B e antigen</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus - physiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B, Chronic - blood</subject><subject>Hepatitis B, Chronic - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B, Chronic - pathology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B, Chronic - virology</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immunity - immunology</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - metabolism</subject><subject>Killer cells</subject><subject>Killer Cells, Natural - immunology</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Liver - virology</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Natural killer cells</subject><subject>NKG2 antigen</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Peripheral blood</subject><subject>Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>T cell receptors</subject><subject>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Virus Replication</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>γ-Interferon</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk01v1DAQhiMEomXhHyCIhITgsIsdO3F8QSrla6VKlfi6WrPOOHFJ4q3tVPTf4-1uq13UA_LB1viZ157Xnix7TsmCMkHfXbjJj9Av1m7EBSF1JQvxIDumkhXzqiDs4d76KHsSwgUhJaur6nF2VPAyRQt-nLUfUXuEgE2-Rm_XHXro8xHitJl_275Hn2vs-5CDjvbKxuvcjnnsMLfDMI24DUNMAiFCi7kzue68G63OO1xDtNGG_MPT7JGBPuCz3TzLfn7-9OP06_zs_Mvy9ORsrkVZxzmtV6UhlJqacChqKZEzw8EI3gCRpClRgqhoJaAAKmUDUK-akuGKUmJWBtgse7nVXfcuqJ1HQVEuhUw1S5KI5ZZoHFyotbcD-GvlwKqbgPOtAh-t7lExIWqtgTHJS66hWbGiELph0lRlWfMmab3fnTatBmw0jjHZdiB6uDPaTrXuSjFJpUjPMcve7AS8u5wwRDXYsLEbRnTTzb0l5UVV0IS--ge9v7od1UIqwI7GpXP1RlSdcFHXybpSJGpxD5VGg4PV6UMZm-IHCW8PEhIT8U9sYQpBLb9_-3_2_Nch-3qP7RD62AXXT9G6MRyCfAtq70LwaO5MpkRt-uHWDbXpB7Xrh5T2Yv-B7pJuG4D9BVH5Bik</recordid><startdate>20140210</startdate><enddate>20140210</enddate><creator>Li, Yuan</creator><creator>Wang, Jiu-Jun</creator><creator>Gao, Shan</creator><creator>Liu, Qian</creator><creator>Bai, Jia</creator><creator>Zhao, Xue-Qi</creator><creator>Hao, You-Hua</creator><creator>Ding, Hong-Hui</creator><creator>Zhu, Fan</creator><creator>Yang, Dong-Liang</creator><creator>Zhao, Xi-Ping</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140210</creationdate><title>Decreased peripheral natural killer cells activity in the immune activated stage of chronic hepatitis B</title><author>Li, Yuan ; Wang, Jiu-Jun ; Gao, Shan ; Liu, Qian ; Bai, Jia ; Zhao, Xue-Qi ; Hao, You-Hua ; Ding, Hong-Hui ; Zhu, Fan ; Yang, Dong-Liang ; Zhao, Xi-Ping</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-18b5f011f804a2899e43f4af74da090d5e9a76167a2a199daa8bd53eb110fbfa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Alanine Transaminase - blood</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biological response modifiers</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Chronic infection</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytometry</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity, Immunologic</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>DNA, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Gastroenterology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis B</topic><topic>Hepatitis B e antigen</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus - physiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B, Chronic - blood</topic><topic>Hepatitis B, Chronic - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B, Chronic - pathology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B, Chronic - virology</topic><topic>Hepatology</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immunity - immunology</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interferon</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - metabolism</topic><topic>Killer cells</topic><topic>Killer Cells, Natural - immunology</topic><topic>Liver - pathology</topic><topic>Liver - virology</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Natural killer cells</topic><topic>NKG2 antigen</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Peripheral blood</topic><topic>Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>T cell receptors</topic><topic>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Virus Replication</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>γ-Interferon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jiu-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Xue-Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, You-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Hong-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Fan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Dong-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Xi-Ping</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Yuan</au><au>Wang, Jiu-Jun</au><au>Gao, Shan</au><au>Liu, Qian</au><au>Bai, Jia</au><au>Zhao, Xue-Qi</au><au>Hao, You-Hua</au><au>Ding, Hong-Hui</au><au>Zhu, Fan</au><au>Yang, Dong-Liang</au><au>Zhao, Xi-Ping</au><au>Sandberg, Johan K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Decreased peripheral natural killer cells activity in the immune activated stage of chronic hepatitis B</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-02-10</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e86927</spage><epage>e86927</epage><pages>e86927-e86927</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by different immune responses, ranging from immune tolerant (IT) to immune activated (IA) stages. In our study, we investigated the natural killer (NK) cells activity in patients at different immunological stages of chronic HBV infection.
Blood samples obtained from 57 HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 15 patients in the immune tolerant (IT) stage, 42 patients in the immune activated (IA) stage, and 18 healthy individuals (HI). The analyses included flow cytometry to detect NK cells, the determination of cytokine levels as well as of surface receptor expression and cytotoxicity.
NK cells in peripheral blood were significantly lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to HI (p<0.05). Patients in the IA stage of CHB had lower levels of NK cells activating receptor NKp30 and NKG2D expression, cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, as compared to patients in the IT stage and HI, respectively (p<0.05). Cytotoxicity of NK cells was lower in patients in the IA stage of CHB compared to patients in the IT stage and HI, respectively (p<0.05). The level of IFN-γ but not level of TNF-α and cytotoxicity of NK cells was inversely correlated with serum HBV load in patients with CHB. Peripheral NK cells activity did not correlate with ALT level.
NK cells activity was lower in CHB patients, especially in those in the IA stage.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24520324</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0086927</doi><tpages>e86927</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1497952090 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Alanine Transaminase - blood Analysis Biological response modifiers Biology Blood Chronic infection Cytokines Cytometry Cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Development and progression DNA, Viral - blood Flow cytometry Gastroenterology Health aspects Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B e antigen Hepatitis B virus - immunology Hepatitis B virus - physiology Hepatitis B, Chronic - blood Hepatitis B, Chronic - immunology Hepatitis B, Chronic - pathology Hepatitis B, Chronic - virology Hepatology Hospitals Humans Immune response Immunity - immunology Immunology Infection Infections Infectious diseases Inflammation Interferon Interferon-gamma - metabolism Killer cells Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Liver - pathology Liver - virology Liver diseases Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology Lymphocytes Medical research Medicine Natural killer cells NKG2 antigen Pathogenesis Patients Peripheral blood Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism Science T cell receptors T-Lymphocytes - immunology Toxicity Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Tumor necrosis factor-α Virus Replication Viruses γ-Interferon |
| title | Decreased peripheral natural killer cells activity in the immune activated stage of chronic hepatitis B |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T18%3A07%3A03IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Decreased%20peripheral%20natural%20killer%20cells%20activity%20in%20the%20immune%20activated%20stage%20of%20chronic%20hepatitis%20B&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Li,%20Yuan&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e86927&rft.epage=e86927&rft.pages=e86927-e86927&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086927&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478816757%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1497952090&rft_id=info:pmid/24520324&rft_galeid=A478816757&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_3778cca339454cadb3227cd39f65584d&rfr_iscdi=true |