Malaria and helminth co-infections in school and preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Magu district, north-western Tanzania
Malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth infections (STH) are important parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa where a significant proportion of people are exposed to co-infections of more than one parasite. In Tanzania, these infections are a major public health problem particular...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e86510-e86510 |
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| creator | Kinung'hi, Safari M Magnussen, Pascal Kaatano, Godfrey M Kishamawe, Coleman Vennervald, Birgitte J |
| description | Malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth infections (STH) are important parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa where a significant proportion of people are exposed to co-infections of more than one parasite. In Tanzania, these infections are a major public health problem particularly in school and pre-school children. The current study investigated malaria and helminth co-infections and anaemia in school and pre-school children in Magu district, Tanzania.
School and pre-school children were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Stool samples were examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STH infections using Kato Katz technique. Urine samples were examined for Schistosoma haematobium using the urine filtration method. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites and haemoglobin concentrations using the Giemsa stain and Haemoque methods, respectively.
Out of 1,546 children examined, 1,079 (69.8%) were infected with one or more parasites. Malaria-helminth co-infections were observed in 276 children (60% of all children with P. falciparum infection). Malaria parasites were significantly more prevalent in hookworm infected children than in hookworm free children (p = 0.046). However, this association was non-significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 1.320, p = 0.064). Malaria parasite density decreased with increasing infection intensity of S. mansoni and with increasing number of co-infecting helminth species. Anaemia prevalence was 34.4% and was significantly associated with malaria infection, S. haematobium infection and with multiple parasite infections. Whereas S. mansoni infection was a significant predictor of malaria parasite density, P. falciparum and S. haematobium infections were significant predictors of anaemia.
These findings suggest that multiple parasite infections are common in school and pre-school children in Magu district. Concurrent P. falciparum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections increase the risk of lower Hb levels and anaemia, which in turn calls for integrated disease control interventions. The associations between malaria and helminth infections detected in this study need further investigation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0086510 |
| format | Article |
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School and pre-school children were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Stool samples were examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STH infections using Kato Katz technique. Urine samples were examined for Schistosoma haematobium using the urine filtration method. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites and haemoglobin concentrations using the Giemsa stain and Haemoque methods, respectively.
Out of 1,546 children examined, 1,079 (69.8%) were infected with one or more parasites. Malaria-helminth co-infections were observed in 276 children (60% of all children with P. falciparum infection). Malaria parasites were significantly more prevalent in hookworm infected children than in hookworm free children (p = 0.046). However, this association was non-significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 1.320, p = 0.064). Malaria parasite density decreased with increasing infection intensity of S. mansoni and with increasing number of co-infecting helminth species. Anaemia prevalence was 34.4% and was significantly associated with malaria infection, S. haematobium infection and with multiple parasite infections. Whereas S. mansoni infection was a significant predictor of malaria parasite density, P. falciparum and S. haematobium infections were significant predictors of anaemia.
These findings suggest that multiple parasite infections are common in school and pre-school children in Magu district. Concurrent P. falciparum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections increase the risk of lower Hb levels and anaemia, which in turn calls for integrated disease control interventions. The associations between malaria and helminth infections detected in this study need further investigation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086510</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24489732</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Analysis ; Anemia ; Anemia - epidemiology ; Anemia - etiology ; Anemia - parasitology ; Animals ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Biology ; Blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Coinfection ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease ; Disease control ; Disease transmission ; Elementary school students ; Epidemiology ; Erythrocytes ; Feces - parasitology ; Female ; Guardians ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Hemoglobin ; Humans ; Infection ; Infections ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum - complications ; Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Morbidity ; Necator americanus ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification ; Preschool children ; Public health ; R&D ; Rain ; Regression analysis ; Research & development ; Schistosoma haematobium ; Schistosoma haematobium - isolation & purification ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Schistosomiasis ; Schistosomiasis haematobia - complications ; Schistosomiasis haematobia - epidemiology ; Schistosomiasis haematobia - parasitology ; Stains ; Tanzania - epidemiology ; Trichuris trichiura ; Tropical diseases ; Urine ; Vector-borne diseases</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e86510-e86510</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Kinung'hi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Kinung'hi et al 2014 Kinung'hi et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fed61aa8a8b9a8d9253cf1c7b3a05680d6d962de8508395c0be1e85972a9ae4e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fed61aa8a8b9a8d9253cf1c7b3a05680d6d962de8508395c0be1e85972a9ae4e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3906044/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3906044/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24489732$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mulvenna, Jason</contributor><creatorcontrib>Kinung'hi, Safari M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magnussen, Pascal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaatano, Godfrey M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kishamawe, Coleman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vennervald, Birgitte J</creatorcontrib><title>Malaria and helminth co-infections in school and preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Magu district, north-western Tanzania</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth infections (STH) are important parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa where a significant proportion of people are exposed to co-infections of more than one parasite. In Tanzania, these infections are a major public health problem particularly in school and pre-school children. The current study investigated malaria and helminth co-infections and anaemia in school and pre-school children in Magu district, Tanzania.
School and pre-school children were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Stool samples were examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STH infections using Kato Katz technique. Urine samples were examined for Schistosoma haematobium using the urine filtration method. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites and haemoglobin concentrations using the Giemsa stain and Haemoque methods, respectively.
Out of 1,546 children examined, 1,079 (69.8%) were infected with one or more parasites. Malaria-helminth co-infections were observed in 276 children (60% of all children with P. falciparum infection). Malaria parasites were significantly more prevalent in hookworm infected children than in hookworm free children (p = 0.046). However, this association was non-significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 1.320, p = 0.064). Malaria parasite density decreased with increasing infection intensity of S. mansoni and with increasing number of co-infecting helminth species. Anaemia prevalence was 34.4% and was significantly associated with malaria infection, S. haematobium infection and with multiple parasite infections. Whereas S. mansoni infection was a significant predictor of malaria parasite density, P. falciparum and S. haematobium infections were significant predictors of anaemia.
These findings suggest that multiple parasite infections are common in school and pre-school children in Magu district. Concurrent P. falciparum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections increase the risk of lower Hb levels and anaemia, which in turn calls for integrated disease control interventions. The associations between malaria and helminth infections detected in this study need further investigation.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Anemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Anemia - etiology</subject><subject>Anemia - parasitology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Ascaris lumbricoides</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Coinfection</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Elementary school students</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Feces - parasitology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Guardians</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - complications</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Necator americanus</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Preschool children</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Schistosoma haematobium</subject><subject>Schistosoma haematobium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Schistosoma mansoni</subject><subject>Schistosomiasis</subject><subject>Schistosomiasis haematobia - complications</subject><subject>Schistosomiasis haematobia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Schistosomiasis haematobia - 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epidemiology</topic><topic>Anemia - etiology</topic><topic>Anemia - parasitology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Ascaris lumbricoides</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Coinfection</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Elementary school students</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>Feces - parasitology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Guardians</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - complications</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Necator americanus</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Parasitology</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Preschool children</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>R&D</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Research & development</topic><topic>Schistosoma haematobium</topic><topic>Schistosoma haematobium - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Schistosoma mansoni</topic><topic>Schistosomiasis</topic><topic>Schistosomiasis haematobia - complications</topic><topic>Schistosomiasis haematobia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Schistosomiasis haematobia - parasitology</topic><topic>Stains</topic><topic>Tanzania - epidemiology</topic><topic>Trichuris trichiura</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Vector-borne diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kinung'hi, Safari M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magnussen, Pascal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaatano, Godfrey M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kishamawe, Coleman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vennervald, Birgitte J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kinung'hi, Safari M</au><au>Magnussen, Pascal</au><au>Kaatano, Godfrey M</au><au>Kishamawe, Coleman</au><au>Vennervald, Birgitte J</au><au>Mulvenna, Jason</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Malaria and helminth co-infections in school and preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Magu district, north-western Tanzania</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-01-29</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e86510</spage><epage>e86510</epage><pages>e86510-e86510</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth infections (STH) are important parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa where a significant proportion of people are exposed to co-infections of more than one parasite. In Tanzania, these infections are a major public health problem particularly in school and pre-school children. The current study investigated malaria and helminth co-infections and anaemia in school and pre-school children in Magu district, Tanzania.
School and pre-school children were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Stool samples were examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STH infections using Kato Katz technique. Urine samples were examined for Schistosoma haematobium using the urine filtration method. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites and haemoglobin concentrations using the Giemsa stain and Haemoque methods, respectively.
Out of 1,546 children examined, 1,079 (69.8%) were infected with one or more parasites. Malaria-helminth co-infections were observed in 276 children (60% of all children with P. falciparum infection). Malaria parasites were significantly more prevalent in hookworm infected children than in hookworm free children (p = 0.046). However, this association was non-significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 1.320, p = 0.064). Malaria parasite density decreased with increasing infection intensity of S. mansoni and with increasing number of co-infecting helminth species. Anaemia prevalence was 34.4% and was significantly associated with malaria infection, S. haematobium infection and with multiple parasite infections. Whereas S. mansoni infection was a significant predictor of malaria parasite density, P. falciparum and S. haematobium infections were significant predictors of anaemia.
These findings suggest that multiple parasite infections are common in school and pre-school children in Magu district. Concurrent P. falciparum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections increase the risk of lower Hb levels and anaemia, which in turn calls for integrated disease control interventions. The associations between malaria and helminth infections detected in this study need further investigation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24489732</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0086510</doi><tpages>e86510</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e86510-e86510 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1492542294 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Analysis Anemia Anemia - epidemiology Anemia - etiology Anemia - parasitology Animals Ascaris lumbricoides Biology Blood Child Child, Preschool Children Coinfection Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Disease control Disease transmission Elementary school students Epidemiology Erythrocytes Feces - parasitology Female Guardians Health aspects Health risks Hemoglobin Humans Infection Infections Malaria Malaria, Falciparum - complications Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology Male Medical research Medicine Morbidity Necator americanus Parasites Parasitic diseases Parasitology Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification Preschool children Public health R&D Rain Regression analysis Research & development Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma haematobium - isolation & purification Schistosoma mansoni Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis haematobia - complications Schistosomiasis haematobia - epidemiology Schistosomiasis haematobia - parasitology Stains Tanzania - epidemiology Trichuris trichiura Tropical diseases Urine Vector-borne diseases |
| title | Malaria and helminth co-infections in school and preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Magu district, north-western Tanzania |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-26T11%3A20%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Malaria%20and%20helminth%20co-infections%20in%20school%20and%20preschool%20children:%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%20in%20Magu%20district,%20north-western%20Tanzania&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Kinung'hi,%20Safari%20M&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e86510&rft.epage=e86510&rft.pages=e86510-e86510&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086510&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478835542%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1492542294&rft_id=info:pmid/24489732&rft_galeid=A478835542&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_e77d0197af6145e08b44577c14510fda&rfr_iscdi=true |