Signals of climate change in butterfly communities in a Mediterranean protected area
The European protected-area network will cease to be efficient for biodiversity conservation, particularly in the Mediterranean region, if species are driven out of protected areas by climate warming. Yet, no empirical evidence of how climate change influences ecological communities in Mediterranean...
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| creator | Zografou, Konstantina Kati, Vassiliki Grill, Andrea Wilson, Robert J Tzirkalli, Elli Pamperis, Lazaros N Halley, John M |
| description | The European protected-area network will cease to be efficient for biodiversity conservation, particularly in the Mediterranean region, if species are driven out of protected areas by climate warming. Yet, no empirical evidence of how climate change influences ecological communities in Mediterranean nature reserves really exists. Here, we examine long-term (1998-2011/2012) and short-term (2011-2012) changes in the butterfly fauna of Dadia National Park (Greece) by revisiting 21 and 18 transects in 2011 and 2012 respectively, that were initially surveyed in 1998. We evaluate the temperature trend for the study area for a 22-year-period (1990-2012) in which all three butterfly surveys are included. We also assess changes in community composition and species richness in butterfly communities using information on (a) species' elevational distributions in Greece and (b) Community Temperature Index (calculated from the average temperature of species' geographical ranges in Europe, weighted by species' abundance per transect and year). Despite the protected status of Dadia NP and the subsequent stability of land use regimes, we found a marked change in butterfly community composition over a 13 year period, concomitant with an increase of annual average temperature of 0.95°C. Our analysis gave no evidence of significant year-to-year (2011-2012) variability in butterfly community composition, suggesting that the community composition change we recorded is likely the consequence of long-term environmental change, such as climate warming. We observe an increased abundance of low-elevation species whereas species mainly occurring at higher elevations in the region declined. The Community Temperature Index was found to increase in all habitats except agricultural areas. If equivalent changes occur in other protected areas and taxonomic groups across Mediterranean Europe, new conservation options and approaches for increasing species' resilience may have to be devised. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0087245 |
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Yet, no empirical evidence of how climate change influences ecological communities in Mediterranean nature reserves really exists. Here, we examine long-term (1998-2011/2012) and short-term (2011-2012) changes in the butterfly fauna of Dadia National Park (Greece) by revisiting 21 and 18 transects in 2011 and 2012 respectively, that were initially surveyed in 1998. We evaluate the temperature trend for the study area for a 22-year-period (1990-2012) in which all three butterfly surveys are included. We also assess changes in community composition and species richness in butterfly communities using information on (a) species' elevational distributions in Greece and (b) Community Temperature Index (calculated from the average temperature of species' geographical ranges in Europe, weighted by species' abundance per transect and year). Despite the protected status of Dadia NP and the subsequent stability of land use regimes, we found a marked change in butterfly community composition over a 13 year period, concomitant with an increase of annual average temperature of 0.95°C. Our analysis gave no evidence of significant year-to-year (2011-2012) variability in butterfly community composition, suggesting that the community composition change we recorded is likely the consequence of long-term environmental change, such as climate warming. We observe an increased abundance of low-elevation species whereas species mainly occurring at higher elevations in the region declined. The Community Temperature Index was found to increase in all habitats except agricultural areas. If equivalent changes occur in other protected areas and taxonomic groups across Mediterranean Europe, new conservation options and approaches for increasing species' resilience may have to be devised.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087245</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24489880</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Analysis ; Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biodiversity conservation ; Biology ; Butterflies ; Butterflies & moths ; Butterflies - physiology ; Climate Change ; Climate change influences ; Climatic change influences ; Communities ; Community composition ; Conservation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Earth Sciences ; Ecological effects ; Ecosystem ; Empirical analysis ; Environmental changes ; Fauna ; Global temperature changes ; Global warming ; Greece ; Habitats ; Land use ; Mediterranean Region ; National parks ; Nature reserves ; Population Dynamics ; Protected areas ; Protection and preservation ; Species richness ; Species Specificity ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Wildlife conservation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e87245</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Zografou et al. 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Yet, no empirical evidence of how climate change influences ecological communities in Mediterranean nature reserves really exists. Here, we examine long-term (1998-2011/2012) and short-term (2011-2012) changes in the butterfly fauna of Dadia National Park (Greece) by revisiting 21 and 18 transects in 2011 and 2012 respectively, that were initially surveyed in 1998. We evaluate the temperature trend for the study area for a 22-year-period (1990-2012) in which all three butterfly surveys are included. We also assess changes in community composition and species richness in butterfly communities using information on (a) species' elevational distributions in Greece and (b) Community Temperature Index (calculated from the average temperature of species' geographical ranges in Europe, weighted by species' abundance per transect and year). 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If equivalent changes occur in other protected areas and taxonomic groups across Mediterranean Europe, new conservation options and approaches for increasing species' resilience may have to be devised.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal Distribution</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biodiversity conservation</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Butterflies</subject><subject>Butterflies & moths</subject><subject>Butterflies - physiology</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>Climate change influences</subject><subject>Climatic change influences</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Community composition</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Environmental 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Konstantina</au><au>Kati, Vassiliki</au><au>Grill, Andrea</au><au>Wilson, Robert J</au><au>Tzirkalli, Elli</au><au>Pamperis, Lazaros N</au><au>Halley, John M</au><au>de Bello, Francesco</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Signals of climate change in butterfly communities in a Mediterranean protected area</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-01-29</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e87245</spage><pages>e87245-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The European protected-area network will cease to be efficient for biodiversity conservation, particularly in the Mediterranean region, if species are driven out of protected areas by climate warming. Yet, no empirical evidence of how climate change influences ecological communities in Mediterranean nature reserves really exists. Here, we examine long-term (1998-2011/2012) and short-term (2011-2012) changes in the butterfly fauna of Dadia National Park (Greece) by revisiting 21 and 18 transects in 2011 and 2012 respectively, that were initially surveyed in 1998. We evaluate the temperature trend for the study area for a 22-year-period (1990-2012) in which all three butterfly surveys are included. We also assess changes in community composition and species richness in butterfly communities using information on (a) species' elevational distributions in Greece and (b) Community Temperature Index (calculated from the average temperature of species' geographical ranges in Europe, weighted by species' abundance per transect and year). Despite the protected status of Dadia NP and the subsequent stability of land use regimes, we found a marked change in butterfly community composition over a 13 year period, concomitant with an increase of annual average temperature of 0.95°C. Our analysis gave no evidence of significant year-to-year (2011-2012) variability in butterfly community composition, suggesting that the community composition change we recorded is likely the consequence of long-term environmental change, such as climate warming. We observe an increased abundance of low-elevation species whereas species mainly occurring at higher elevations in the region declined. The Community Temperature Index was found to increase in all habitats except agricultural areas. If equivalent changes occur in other protected areas and taxonomic groups across Mediterranean Europe, new conservation options and approaches for increasing species' resilience may have to be devised.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24489880</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0087245</doi><tpages>e87245</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Abundance Analysis Animal Distribution Animals Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation Biology Butterflies Butterflies & moths Butterflies - physiology Climate Change Climate change influences Climatic change influences Communities Community composition Conservation Conservation of Natural Resources Earth Sciences Ecological effects Ecosystem Empirical analysis Environmental changes Fauna Global temperature changes Global warming Greece Habitats Land use Mediterranean Region National parks Nature reserves Population Dynamics Protected areas Protection and preservation Species richness Species Specificity Temperature Temperature effects Wildlife conservation |
| title | Signals of climate change in butterfly communities in a Mediterranean protected area |
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