Salicylic acid, a plant defense hormone, is specifically secreted by a molluscan herbivore
Slugs and snails are important herbivores in many ecosystems. They differ from other herbivores by their characteristic mucus trail. As the mucus is secreted at the interface between the plants and the herbivores, its chemical composition may play an essential role in plant responses to slug and sna...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e86500-e86500 |
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| creator | Kästner, Julia von Knorre, Dietrich Himanshu, Himanshu Erb, Matthias Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan |
| description | Slugs and snails are important herbivores in many ecosystems. They differ from other herbivores by their characteristic mucus trail. As the mucus is secreted at the interface between the plants and the herbivores, its chemical composition may play an essential role in plant responses to slug and snail attack. Based on our current knowledge about host-manipulation strategies employed by pathogens and insects, we hypothesized that mollusks may excrete phytohormone-like substances into their mucus. We therefore screened locomotion mucus from thirteen molluscan herbivores for the presence of the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). We found that the locomotion mucus of one slug, Deroceras reticulatum, contained significant amounts of SA, a plant hormone that is known to induce resistance to pathogens and to suppress plant immunity against herbivores. None of the other slugs and snails contained SA or any other hormone in their locomotion mucus. When the mucus of D. reticulatum was applied to wounded leaves of A. thaliana, the promotor of the SA-responsive gene pathogenesis related 1 (PR1) was activated, demonstrating the potential of the mucus to regulate plant defenses. We discuss the potential ecological, agricultural and medical implications of this finding. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0086500 |
| format | Article |
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They differ from other herbivores by their characteristic mucus trail. As the mucus is secreted at the interface between the plants and the herbivores, its chemical composition may play an essential role in plant responses to slug and snail attack. Based on our current knowledge about host-manipulation strategies employed by pathogens and insects, we hypothesized that mollusks may excrete phytohormone-like substances into their mucus. We therefore screened locomotion mucus from thirteen molluscan herbivores for the presence of the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). We found that the locomotion mucus of one slug, Deroceras reticulatum, contained significant amounts of SA, a plant hormone that is known to induce resistance to pathogens and to suppress plant immunity against herbivores. None of the other slugs and snails contained SA or any other hormone in their locomotion mucus. When the mucus of D. reticulatum was applied to wounded leaves of A. thaliana, the promotor of the SA-responsive gene pathogenesis related 1 (PR1) was activated, demonstrating the potential of the mucus to regulate plant defenses. We discuss the potential ecological, agricultural and medical implications of this finding.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086500</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24466122</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abscisic acid ; Achatina fulica ; Acids ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Biology ; Biosynthesis ; Chemical attack ; Chemical composition ; Chemistry ; Defense industry ; Ecosystems ; Herbivores ; Herbivory ; Hormones ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humidity ; Immunity ; Insects ; Jasmonic acid ; Leaves ; Light ; Locomotion ; Medicine ; Mollusca ; Mollusca - physiology ; Mollusks ; Mucus ; Mucus - chemistry ; Mucus - metabolism ; Pathogenesis ; Pathogens ; Phenols (Class of compounds) ; Plant Growth Regulators - chemistry ; Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism ; Plant hormones ; Plant immunity ; Salicylic acid ; Salicylic Acid - chemistry ; Salicylic Acid - metabolism ; Slugs ; Snails</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e86500-e86500</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Kästner et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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They differ from other herbivores by their characteristic mucus trail. As the mucus is secreted at the interface between the plants and the herbivores, its chemical composition may play an essential role in plant responses to slug and snail attack. Based on our current knowledge about host-manipulation strategies employed by pathogens and insects, we hypothesized that mollusks may excrete phytohormone-like substances into their mucus. We therefore screened locomotion mucus from thirteen molluscan herbivores for the presence of the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). We found that the locomotion mucus of one slug, Deroceras reticulatum, contained significant amounts of SA, a plant hormone that is known to induce resistance to pathogens and to suppress plant immunity against herbivores. None of the other slugs and snails contained SA or any other hormone in their locomotion mucus. 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We discuss the potential ecological, agricultural and medical implications of this finding.</description><subject>Abscisic acid</subject><subject>Achatina fulica</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Chemical attack</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Defense industry</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Herbivores</subject><subject>Herbivory</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Host-Parasite Interactions</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Jasmonic acid</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Locomotion</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Mollusca</subject><subject>Mollusca - physiology</subject><subject>Mollusks</subject><subject>Mucus</subject><subject>Mucus - chemistry</subject><subject>Mucus - 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They differ from other herbivores by their characteristic mucus trail. As the mucus is secreted at the interface between the plants and the herbivores, its chemical composition may play an essential role in plant responses to slug and snail attack. Based on our current knowledge about host-manipulation strategies employed by pathogens and insects, we hypothesized that mollusks may excrete phytohormone-like substances into their mucus. We therefore screened locomotion mucus from thirteen molluscan herbivores for the presence of the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). We found that the locomotion mucus of one slug, Deroceras reticulatum, contained significant amounts of SA, a plant hormone that is known to induce resistance to pathogens and to suppress plant immunity against herbivores. None of the other slugs and snails contained SA or any other hormone in their locomotion mucus. When the mucus of D. reticulatum was applied to wounded leaves of A. thaliana, the promotor of the SA-responsive gene pathogenesis related 1 (PR1) was activated, demonstrating the potential of the mucus to regulate plant defenses. We discuss the potential ecological, agricultural and medical implications of this finding.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24466122</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0086500</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abscisic acid Achatina fulica Acids Agriculture Animals Arabidopsis thaliana Biology Biosynthesis Chemical attack Chemical composition Chemistry Defense industry Ecosystems Herbivores Herbivory Hormones Host-Parasite Interactions Humidity Immunity Insects Jasmonic acid Leaves Light Locomotion Medicine Mollusca Mollusca - physiology Mollusks Mucus Mucus - chemistry Mucus - metabolism Pathogenesis Pathogens Phenols (Class of compounds) Plant Growth Regulators - chemistry Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism Plant hormones Plant immunity Salicylic acid Salicylic Acid - chemistry Salicylic Acid - metabolism Slugs Snails |
| title | Salicylic acid, a plant defense hormone, is specifically secreted by a molluscan herbivore |
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