Functional and evolutionary characterization of the CONSTANS gene family in short-day photoperiodic flowering in soybean
CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in photoperiodic flowering control of plants. However, much remains unknown about the function of the CO gene family in soybean and the molecular mechanisms underlying short-day photoperiodic flowering of soybean. We identified 26 CO homologs (GmCOLs) in the soybea...
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description | CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in photoperiodic flowering control of plants. However, much remains unknown about the function of the CO gene family in soybean and the molecular mechanisms underlying short-day photoperiodic flowering of soybean. We identified 26 CO homologs (GmCOLs) in the soybean genome, many of them previously unreported. Phylogenic analysis classified GmCOLs into three clades conserved among flowering plants. Two homeologous pairs in Clade I, GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b, showed the highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis CO. The mRNA abundance of GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b exhibited a strong diurnal rhythm under flowering-inductive short days and peaked at dawn, which coincided with the rise of GmFT5a expression. In contrast, the mRNA abundance of GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b was extremely low. Our transgenic study demonstrated that GmCOL1a, GmCOL1b, GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b fully complemented the late flowering effect of the co-1 mutant in Arabidopsis. Together, these results indicate that GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b are potential inducers of flowering in soybean. Our data also indicate rapid regulatory divergence between GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b but conservation of their protein function. Dynamic evolution of GmCOL regulatory mechanisms may underlie the evolution of photoperiodic signaling in soybean. |
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However, much remains unknown about the function of the CO gene family in soybean and the molecular mechanisms underlying short-day photoperiodic flowering of soybean. We identified 26 CO homologs (GmCOLs) in the soybean genome, many of them previously unreported. Phylogenic analysis classified GmCOLs into three clades conserved among flowering plants. Two homeologous pairs in Clade I, GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b, showed the highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis CO. The mRNA abundance of GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b exhibited a strong diurnal rhythm under flowering-inductive short days and peaked at dawn, which coincided with the rise of GmFT5a expression. In contrast, the mRNA abundance of GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b was extremely low. Our transgenic study demonstrated that GmCOL1a, GmCOL1b, GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b fully complemented the late flowering effect of the co-1 mutant in Arabidopsis. Together, these results indicate that GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b are potential inducers of flowering in soybean. Our data also indicate rapid regulatory divergence between GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b but conservation of their protein function. Dynamic evolution of GmCOL regulatory mechanisms may underlie the evolution of photoperiodic signaling in soybean.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085754</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24465684</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Agriculture ; Alleles ; Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Barley ; Biology ; Circadian rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm - genetics ; Cluster Analysis ; CO gene ; Conservation ; Conserved Sequence - genetics ; CONSTANS (CO) gene ; CONSTANS gene ; Crop science ; Diurnal ; Divergence ; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics ; Evolution ; Evolution, Molecular ; Evolutionary biology ; Flowering ; Flowering plants ; Flowers - genetics ; Flowers - physiology ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic engineering ; Genetic Loci - genetics ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Glycine max ; Glycine max - genetics ; Glycine max - physiology ; Homology ; Inbreeding ; Inducers ; Molecular modelling ; mRNA ; Multigene Family ; Mutation - genetics ; Phenotype ; Photoperiod ; Phylogeny ; Physiology ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Proteins ; Regulatory mechanisms (biology) ; Rice ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signaling ; Soybeans ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Transgenic</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e85754-e85754</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6734-d78ea2a6863c11612e74cbcd23b082d1dde296061963516223476f44a51f21cd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6734-d78ea2a6863c11612e74cbcd23b082d1dde296061963516223476f44a51f21cd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897488/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897488/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24465684$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Somers, David E.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wu, Faqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Price, Brian William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haider, Waseem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seufferheld, Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Randall</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanzawa, Yoshie</creatorcontrib><title>Functional and evolutionary characterization of the CONSTANS gene family in short-day photoperiodic flowering in soybean</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in photoperiodic flowering control of plants. However, much remains unknown about the function of the CO gene family in soybean and the molecular mechanisms underlying short-day photoperiodic flowering of soybean. We identified 26 CO homologs (GmCOLs) in the soybean genome, many of them previously unreported. Phylogenic analysis classified GmCOLs into three clades conserved among flowering plants. Two homeologous pairs in Clade I, GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b, showed the highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis CO. The mRNA abundance of GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b exhibited a strong diurnal rhythm under flowering-inductive short days and peaked at dawn, which coincided with the rise of GmFT5a expression. In contrast, the mRNA abundance of GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b was extremely low. Our transgenic study demonstrated that GmCOL1a, GmCOL1b, GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b fully complemented the late flowering effect of the co-1 mutant in Arabidopsis. Together, these results indicate that GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b are potential inducers of flowering in soybean. Our data also indicate rapid regulatory divergence between GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b but conservation of their protein function. Dynamic evolution of GmCOL regulatory mechanisms may underlie the evolution of photoperiodic signaling in soybean.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Barley</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Circadian rhythm</subject><subject>Circadian Rhythm - genetics</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>CO gene</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Conserved Sequence - genetics</subject><subject>CONSTANS (CO) gene</subject><subject>CONSTANS gene</subject><subject>Crop science</subject><subject>Diurnal</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Evolution, Molecular</subject><subject>Evolutionary biology</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Flowering plants</subject><subject>Flowers - genetics</subject><subject>Flowers - physiology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genetic Loci - genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Glycine max</subject><subject>Glycine max - genetics</subject><subject>Glycine max - physiology</subject><subject>Homology</subject><subject>Inbreeding</subject><subject>Inducers</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Multigene Family</subject><subject>Mutation - genetics</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Photoperiod</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Regulatory mechanisms (biology)</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, RNA</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Soybeans</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Transgenic</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBEQkJw0RJ_xr5BqioGlaZVooNby_VH4yq1S5yMlV-P22ZTg3aBfBH75Hlf-xz7ZNlrUIwBKsGndegaL-vxNngzLgpGSoKfZOeAIziisEBPT-Zn2YsY10VBEKP0eXYGMaaEMnye3V12XrUuJKdcep2b21B3h3Wzy1UlG6la07g_ch_Lg83byuTT-fXiZnK9yFfGm9zKjat3ufN5rELTjrTc5dsqtGGbhEE7lds6_E5zvzpAYbc00r_MnllZR_Oq_15kPy6_3Ey_ja7mX2fTydVI0RLhkS6ZkVBSRpECgAJoSqyWSkO0LBjUQGsDOS0o4BQRQCFEuKQWY0mAhUBpdJG9Pfpu6xBFX7QoAOYF57DkKBGzI6GDXItt4zYpdxGkE4dAaFZCNq1TtRElAaVmQBOytJiDgpUQcmNVkU7CIbXJ63O_W7fcGK2MbxtZD0yHf7yrxCrcCsR4iRlLBh96gyb86kxsxcZFZepaehO6w7khZRwTnNB3_6CPZ9dTK5kScN6GtK_am4oJLhkjBLO91_gRKg1tNk6lF2Zdig8EHweCxLTmrl3JLkYxW3z_f3b-c8i-P2ErI-u2iv2TjEMQH0HVhBgbYx-KDAqxb5D7aoh9g4i-QZLszekFPYjuOwL9BX_mCxo</recordid><startdate>20140121</startdate><enddate>20140121</enddate><creator>Wu, Faqiang</creator><creator>Price, Brian William</creator><creator>Haider, Waseem</creator><creator>Seufferheld, Gabriela</creator><creator>Nelson, Randall</creator><creator>Hanzawa, Yoshie</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140121</creationdate><title>Functional and evolutionary characterization of the CONSTANS gene family in short-day photoperiodic flowering in soybean</title><author>Wu, Faqiang ; Price, Brian William ; Haider, Waseem ; Seufferheld, Gabriela ; Nelson, Randall ; Hanzawa, Yoshie</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6734-d78ea2a6863c11612e74cbcd23b082d1dde296061963516223476f44a51f21cd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis thaliana</topic><topic>Barley</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Circadian rhythm</topic><topic>Circadian Rhythm - genetics</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>CO gene</topic><topic>Conservation</topic><topic>Conserved Sequence - genetics</topic><topic>CONSTANS (CO) gene</topic><topic>CONSTANS gene</topic><topic>Crop science</topic><topic>Diurnal</topic><topic>Divergence</topic><topic>DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Evolution, Molecular</topic><topic>Evolutionary biology</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Flowering plants</topic><topic>Flowers - genetics</topic><topic>Flowers - physiology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Genetic Loci - genetics</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Glycine max</topic><topic>Glycine max - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wu, Faqiang</au><au>Price, Brian William</au><au>Haider, Waseem</au><au>Seufferheld, Gabriela</au><au>Nelson, Randall</au><au>Hanzawa, Yoshie</au><au>Somers, David E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional and evolutionary characterization of the CONSTANS gene family in short-day photoperiodic flowering in soybean</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-01-21</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e85754</spage><epage>e85754</epage><pages>e85754-e85754</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in photoperiodic flowering control of plants. However, much remains unknown about the function of the CO gene family in soybean and the molecular mechanisms underlying short-day photoperiodic flowering of soybean. We identified 26 CO homologs (GmCOLs) in the soybean genome, many of them previously unreported. Phylogenic analysis classified GmCOLs into three clades conserved among flowering plants. Two homeologous pairs in Clade I, GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b, showed the highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis CO. The mRNA abundance of GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b exhibited a strong diurnal rhythm under flowering-inductive short days and peaked at dawn, which coincided with the rise of GmFT5a expression. In contrast, the mRNA abundance of GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b was extremely low. Our transgenic study demonstrated that GmCOL1a, GmCOL1b, GmCOL2a and GmCOL2b fully complemented the late flowering effect of the co-1 mutant in Arabidopsis. Together, these results indicate that GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b are potential inducers of flowering in soybean. Our data also indicate rapid regulatory divergence between GmCOL1a/GmCOL1b and GmCOL2a/GmCOL2b but conservation of their protein function. Dynamic evolution of GmCOL regulatory mechanisms may underlie the evolution of photoperiodic signaling in soybean.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24465684</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0085754</doi><tpages>e85754</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Abundance Agriculture Alleles Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis thaliana Barley Biology Circadian rhythm Circadian Rhythm - genetics Cluster Analysis CO gene Conservation Conserved Sequence - genetics CONSTANS (CO) gene CONSTANS gene Crop science Diurnal Divergence DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics Evolution Evolution, Molecular Evolutionary biology Flowering Flowering plants Flowers - genetics Flowers - physiology Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes Genetic aspects Genetic engineering Genetic Loci - genetics Genomes Genomics Genotype Glycine max Glycine max - genetics Glycine max - physiology Homology Inbreeding Inducers Molecular modelling mRNA Multigene Family Mutation - genetics Phenotype Photoperiod Phylogeny Physiology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Proteins Regulatory mechanisms (biology) Rice RNA RNA, Messenger - genetics RNA, Messenger - metabolism Sequence Analysis, RNA Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Signaling Soybeans Time Factors Transcription Factors - genetics Transgenic |
title | Functional and evolutionary characterization of the CONSTANS gene family in short-day photoperiodic flowering in soybean |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T23%3A39%3A37IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Functional%20and%20evolutionary%20characterization%20of%20the%20CONSTANS%20gene%20family%20in%20short-day%20photoperiodic%20flowering%20in%20soybean&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Wu,%20Faqiang&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e85754&rft.epage=e85754&rft.pages=e85754-e85754&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085754&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478855484%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1490992793&rft_id=info:pmid/24465684&rft_galeid=A478855484&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_7517d81d55bf491087229efc02d1926f&rfr_iscdi=true |