The fat from frozen mammals reveals sources of essential fatty acids suitable for Palaeolithic and Neolithic humans
The elucidation of the sources of n-3 fatty acids available for the humans in the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic is highly relevant in order to ascertain the availability of such nutrients in that time frame as well as to draw useful conclusions about healthy dietary habits for present-day humans....
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| creator | Guil-Guerrero, José L Tikhonov, Alexei Rodríguez-García, Ignacio Protopopov, Albert Grigoriev, Semyon Ramos-Bueno, Rebeca P |
| description | The elucidation of the sources of n-3 fatty acids available for the humans in the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic is highly relevant in order to ascertain the availability of such nutrients in that time frame as well as to draw useful conclusions about healthy dietary habits for present-day humans. To this end, we have analysed fat from several frozen mammals found in the permafrost of Siberia (Russia). A total of 6 specimens were included in this study: 2 mammoths, i.e. baby female calf called "Lyuba" and a juvenile female called "Yuka", both specimens approximately from the same time, i.e. Karginian Interstadial (41,000 and 34,000 years BP); two adult horses from the middle Holocene (4,600 and 4,400 years BP); and two bison very close to the Early Holocene (8,200 and 9,300 years BP). All samples were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) and GLC-flame ionization detector (GLC-FID). As demonstrated in this work, the fat of single-stomached mammals often consumed by Palaeolithic/Neolithic hunters contained suitable amounts of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, possibly in quantities sufficient to meet the today's recommended daily intake for good health. Moreover, the results also suggest that mammoths and horses at that time were hibernators. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0084480 |
| format | Article |
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Moreover, the results also suggest that mammoths and horses at that time were hibernators.</description><subject>Adipose Tissue - chemistry</subject><subject>Adipose Tissue - metabolism</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Buffalo</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet - history</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - metabolism</subject><subject>Energy Intake</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Essential - chemistry</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Essential - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flame ionization</subject><subject>Flame ionization detectors</subject><subject>Food science</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Habits</subject><subject>Hibernation</subject><subject>History, Ancient</subject><subject>Holocene</subject><subject>Horses</subject><subject>Horses - metabolism</subject><subject>Horses - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hunting</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Ionization counters</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Mammals - 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To this end, we have analysed fat from several frozen mammals found in the permafrost of Siberia (Russia). A total of 6 specimens were included in this study: 2 mammoths, i.e. baby female calf called "Lyuba" and a juvenile female called "Yuka", both specimens approximately from the same time, i.e. Karginian Interstadial (41,000 and 34,000 years BP); two adult horses from the middle Holocene (4,600 and 4,400 years BP); and two bison very close to the Early Holocene (8,200 and 9,300 years BP). All samples were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) and GLC-flame ionization detector (GLC-FID). As demonstrated in this work, the fat of single-stomached mammals often consumed by Palaeolithic/Neolithic hunters contained suitable amounts of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, possibly in quantities sufficient to meet the today's recommended daily intake for good health. 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| subjects | Adipose Tissue - chemistry Adipose Tissue - metabolism Animals Biology Buffalo Chemistry Chromatography Diet Diet - history Dietary Fats - metabolism Energy Intake Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Essential - chemistry Fatty Acids, Essential - metabolism Female Flame ionization Flame ionization detectors Food science Freezing Habits Hibernation History, Ancient Holocene Horses Horses - metabolism Horses - physiology Humans Hunting Ionization Ionization counters Liquid chromatography Male Mammals Mammals - anatomy & histology Mammals - metabolism Mammoths Mammoths - metabolism Mammoths - physiology Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Meat quality Museums Neolithic Nutrients Omega 3 fatty acids Permafrost Siberia Stone Age |
| title | The fat from frozen mammals reveals sources of essential fatty acids suitable for Palaeolithic and Neolithic humans |
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