Microbial Ecology of the Hive and Pollination Landscape: Bacterial Associates from Floral Nectar, the Alimentary Tract and Stored Food of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Nearly all eukaryotes are host to beneficial or benign bacteria in their gut lumen, either vertically inherited, or acquired from the environment. While bacteria core to the honey bee gut are becoming evident, the influence of the hive and pollination environment on honey bee microbial health is lar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2013-12, Vol.8 (12), p.e83125-e83125 |
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| creator | Anderson, Kirk E Sheehan, Timothy H Mott, Brendon M Maes, Patrick Snyder, Lucy Schwan, Melissa R Walton, Alexander Jones, Beryl M Corby-Harris, Vanessa Gerardo, Nicole M |
| description | Nearly all eukaryotes are host to beneficial or benign bacteria in their gut lumen, either vertically inherited, or acquired from the environment. While bacteria core to the honey bee gut are becoming evident, the influence of the hive and pollination environment on honey bee microbial health is largely unexplored. Here we compare bacteria from floral nectar in the immediate pollination environment, different segments of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) alimentary tract, and food stored in the hive (honey and packed pollen or “beebread”). We used cultivation and sequencing to explore bacterial communities in all sample types, coupled with culture-independent analysis of beebread. We compare our results from the alimentary tract with both culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses from previous studies. Culturing the foregut (crop), midgut and hindgut with standard media produced many identical or highly similar 16S rDNA sequences found with 16S rDNA clone libraries and next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. Despite extensive culturing with identical media, our results do not support the core crop bacterial community hypothesized by recent studies. We cultured a wide variety of bacterial strains from 6 of 7 phylogenetic groups considered core to the honey bee hindgut. Our results reveal that many bacteria prevalent in beebread and the crop are also found in floral nectar, suggesting frequent horizontal transmission. From beebread we uncovered a variety of bacterial phylotypes, including many possible pathogens and food spoilage organisms, and potentially beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus kunkeei , Acetobacteraceae and many different groups of Actinobacteria. Contributions of these bacteria to colony health may include general hygiene, fungal and pathogen inhibition and beebread preservation. Our results are important for understanding the contribution to pollinator health of both environmentally vectored and core microbiota, and the identification of factors that may affect bacterial detection and transmission, colony food storage and disease susceptibility. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083125 |
| format | Article |
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While bacteria core to the honey bee gut are becoming evident, the influence of the hive and pollination environment on honey bee microbial health is largely unexplored. Here we compare bacteria from floral nectar in the immediate pollination environment, different segments of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) alimentary tract, and food stored in the hive (honey and packed pollen or “beebread”). We used cultivation and sequencing to explore bacterial communities in all sample types, coupled with culture-independent analysis of beebread. We compare our results from the alimentary tract with both culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses from previous studies. Culturing the foregut (crop), midgut and hindgut with standard media produced many identical or highly similar 16S rDNA sequences found with 16S rDNA clone libraries and next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. Despite extensive culturing with identical media, our results do not support the core crop bacterial community hypothesized by recent studies. We cultured a wide variety of bacterial strains from 6 of 7 phylogenetic groups considered core to the honey bee hindgut. Our results reveal that many bacteria prevalent in beebread and the crop are also found in floral nectar, suggesting frequent horizontal transmission. From beebread we uncovered a variety of bacterial phylotypes, including many possible pathogens and food spoilage organisms, and potentially beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus kunkeei , Acetobacteraceae and many different groups of Actinobacteria. Contributions of these bacteria to colony health may include general hygiene, fungal and pathogen inhibition and beebread preservation. Our results are important for understanding the contribution to pollinator health of both environmentally vectored and core microbiota, and the identification of factors that may affect bacterial detection and transmission, colony food storage and disease susceptibility.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083125</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24358254</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acetobacteraceae ; Acromyrmex octospinosus ; Actinobacteria ; alimentary tract ; Analysis ; Animals ; Antibiotics ; Apis mellifera ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - isolation & purification ; bacterial communities ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Bees ; Bees - microbiology ; Bees - physiology ; Colonies ; Crop diseases ; Crops ; Cultivation ; Culture ; Culture media ; Digestive tract ; disease resistance ; Disease susceptibility ; Disease transmission ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; Ecology ; Endophytes - isolation & purification ; Eukaryotes ; eukaryotic cells ; European honeybee ; Flowers ; food pathogens ; Food spoilage ; Food storage ; Foregut ; Fungi ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology ; Grocery stores ; Health ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; Hindgut ; Honey ; Honey - microbiology ; honey bees ; Hygiene ; Insects ; intestinal microorganisms ; Lactobacillus kunkeei ; microbial detection ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Microorganisms ; Midgut ; Nectar ; nucleotide sequences ; Nutrition ; Pathogens ; Phylogeny ; phylotype ; Plant Nectar ; Plant reproduction ; Pollen ; Pollination ; Pollinators ; Preservation ; Probiotics ; propolis ; rDNA ; ribosomal DNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; rRNA 16S ; Spoilage ; Symbiosis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-12, Vol.8 (12), p.e83125-e83125</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c782t-b56fcd90e0c9447544a6d13fabe5795df602ae52acdc8cdb593831062b79117e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c782t-b56fcd90e0c9447544a6d13fabe5795df602ae52acdc8cdb593831062b79117e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866269/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866269/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23871,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24358254$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Gerardo, Nicole M.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Kirk E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheehan, Timothy H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mott, Brendon M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maes, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwan, Melissa R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walton, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Beryl M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corby-Harris, Vanessa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerardo, Nicole M</creatorcontrib><title>Microbial Ecology of the Hive and Pollination Landscape: Bacterial Associates from Floral Nectar, the Alimentary Tract and Stored Food of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Nearly all eukaryotes are host to beneficial or benign bacteria in their gut lumen, either vertically inherited, or acquired from the environment. While bacteria core to the honey bee gut are becoming evident, the influence of the hive and pollination environment on honey bee microbial health is largely unexplored. Here we compare bacteria from floral nectar in the immediate pollination environment, different segments of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) alimentary tract, and food stored in the hive (honey and packed pollen or “beebread”). We used cultivation and sequencing to explore bacterial communities in all sample types, coupled with culture-independent analysis of beebread. We compare our results from the alimentary tract with both culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses from previous studies. Culturing the foregut (crop), midgut and hindgut with standard media produced many identical or highly similar 16S rDNA sequences found with 16S rDNA clone libraries and next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. Despite extensive culturing with identical media, our results do not support the core crop bacterial community hypothesized by recent studies. We cultured a wide variety of bacterial strains from 6 of 7 phylogenetic groups considered core to the honey bee hindgut. Our results reveal that many bacteria prevalent in beebread and the crop are also found in floral nectar, suggesting frequent horizontal transmission. From beebread we uncovered a variety of bacterial phylotypes, including many possible pathogens and food spoilage organisms, and potentially beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus kunkeei , Acetobacteraceae and many different groups of Actinobacteria. Contributions of these bacteria to colony health may include general hygiene, fungal and pathogen inhibition and beebread preservation. Our results are important for understanding the contribution to pollinator health of both environmentally vectored and core microbiota, and the identification of factors that may affect bacterial detection and transmission, colony food storage and disease susceptibility.</description><subject>Acetobacteraceae</subject><subject>Acromyrmex octospinosus</subject><subject>Actinobacteria</subject><subject>alimentary tract</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Apis mellifera</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>bacterial communities</subject><subject>Bacteriological Techniques</subject><subject>Bees</subject><subject>Bees - microbiology</subject><subject>Bees - physiology</subject><subject>Colonies</subject><subject>Crop diseases</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cultivation</subject><subject>Culture</subject><subject>Culture media</subject><subject>Digestive tract</subject><subject>disease resistance</subject><subject>Disease susceptibility</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Endophytes - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Eukaryotes</subject><subject>eukaryotic cells</subject><subject>European honeybee</subject><subject>Flowers</subject><subject>food pathogens</subject><subject>Food spoilage</subject><subject>Food storage</subject><subject>Foregut</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology</subject><subject>Grocery stores</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>high-throughput nucleotide sequencing</subject><subject>Hindgut</subject><subject>Honey</subject><subject>Honey - microbiology</subject><subject>honey bees</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>intestinal microorganisms</subject><subject>Lactobacillus kunkeei</subject><subject>microbial detection</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Midgut</subject><subject>Nectar</subject><subject>nucleotide sequences</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>phylotype</subject><subject>Plant Nectar</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Pollen</subject><subject>Pollination</subject><subject>Pollinators</subject><subject>Preservation</subject><subject>Probiotics</subject><subject>propolis</subject><subject>rDNA</subject><subject>ribosomal DNA</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Spoilage</subject><subject>Symbiosis</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNU9tu00AQtRCIlsIfIFipEmolEvbmGw9IadWSSIEi0vK6Wq_HyVa2N-w6Ffkg_pNxm5YE9QH5wd7xOWd2zsxE0WtGh0yk7MO1W_lW18Ola2FIaSYYj59E-ywXfJBwKp5ufe9FL0K4pjQWWZI8j_a4FHHGY7kf_f5ijXeF1TU5M6528zVxFekWQMb2BohuS_LN1bVtdWddS6YYCEYv4SM50aYD3xNHIThjdQeBVN415Lx2HsNfwXTav78VG9W2gRaPa3LpkXgrPOuch5KcO1f2ScdYyJqcAMocjZY2kAYwcQVeH7-MnlW6DvBq8z6Irs7PLk_Hg-nF58npaDowaca7QREnlSlzCtTkUqaxlDopmah0AXGax2WVUK4h5tqUJjNlEecCbaMJL9KcsRTEQfT2TndZu6A2DgfFZJJlWcJzgYjJHaJ0-lotvW2wJuW0VbcB5-dK-86aGhSHlHKaUFamhYwzXTApch5zLliRV0Wf7dMm26pooDRoEPq2I7r7p7ULNXc3qu8iT3IUONoIePdzBaFTjQ0GXdMtuFV_75ymIs1lf-_Df6CPV7dBzTUWYNvKYV7Ti6qRRIuloJQiavgICp8SGmuwi5XF-A7heIeAmA5-dXO9CkFNZt__H3vxYxf7bgu7AF13i-DqVT-qYRco74A46yF4qB5MZlT123Tvhuq3SW22CWlvthv0QLpfn7_zUmmn9NzboK5mnLIEk3IqWSb-ADb4Isc</recordid><startdate>20131217</startdate><enddate>20131217</enddate><creator>Anderson, Kirk E</creator><creator>Sheehan, Timothy H</creator><creator>Mott, Brendon M</creator><creator>Maes, Patrick</creator><creator>Snyder, Lucy</creator><creator>Schwan, Melissa R</creator><creator>Walton, Alexander</creator><creator>Jones, Beryl M</creator><creator>Corby-Harris, Vanessa</creator><creator>Gerardo, Nicole M</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131217</creationdate><title>Microbial Ecology of the Hive and Pollination Landscape: Bacterial Associates from Floral Nectar, the Alimentary Tract and Stored Food of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)</title><author>Anderson, Kirk E ; Sheehan, Timothy H ; Mott, Brendon M ; Maes, Patrick ; Snyder, Lucy ; Schwan, Melissa R ; Walton, Alexander ; Jones, Beryl M ; Corby-Harris, Vanessa ; Gerardo, Nicole M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c782t-b56fcd90e0c9447544a6d13fabe5795df602ae52acdc8cdb593831062b79117e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Acetobacteraceae</topic><topic>Acromyrmex octospinosus</topic><topic>Actinobacteria</topic><topic>alimentary tract</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Apis mellifera</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacteria - 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microbiology</topic><topic>honey bees</topic><topic>Hygiene</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>intestinal microorganisms</topic><topic>Lactobacillus kunkeei</topic><topic>microbial detection</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Midgut</topic><topic>Nectar</topic><topic>nucleotide sequences</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>phylotype</topic><topic>Plant Nectar</topic><topic>Plant reproduction</topic><topic>Pollen</topic><topic>Pollination</topic><topic>Pollinators</topic><topic>Preservation</topic><topic>Probiotics</topic><topic>propolis</topic><topic>rDNA</topic><topic>ribosomal DNA</topic><topic>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</topic><topic>rRNA 16S</topic><topic>Spoilage</topic><topic>Symbiosis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Kirk E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheehan, Timothy H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mott, Brendon M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maes, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwan, Melissa R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walton, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Beryl M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corby-Harris, Vanessa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerardo, Nicole M</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anderson, Kirk E</au><au>Sheehan, Timothy H</au><au>Mott, Brendon M</au><au>Maes, Patrick</au><au>Snyder, Lucy</au><au>Schwan, Melissa R</au><au>Walton, Alexander</au><au>Jones, Beryl M</au><au>Corby-Harris, Vanessa</au><au>Gerardo, Nicole M</au><au>Gerardo, Nicole M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microbial Ecology of the Hive and Pollination Landscape: Bacterial Associates from Floral Nectar, the Alimentary Tract and Stored Food of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-12-17</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e83125</spage><epage>e83125</epage><pages>e83125-e83125</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Nearly all eukaryotes are host to beneficial or benign bacteria in their gut lumen, either vertically inherited, or acquired from the environment. While bacteria core to the honey bee gut are becoming evident, the influence of the hive and pollination environment on honey bee microbial health is largely unexplored. Here we compare bacteria from floral nectar in the immediate pollination environment, different segments of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) alimentary tract, and food stored in the hive (honey and packed pollen or “beebread”). We used cultivation and sequencing to explore bacterial communities in all sample types, coupled with culture-independent analysis of beebread. We compare our results from the alimentary tract with both culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses from previous studies. Culturing the foregut (crop), midgut and hindgut with standard media produced many identical or highly similar 16S rDNA sequences found with 16S rDNA clone libraries and next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. Despite extensive culturing with identical media, our results do not support the core crop bacterial community hypothesized by recent studies. We cultured a wide variety of bacterial strains from 6 of 7 phylogenetic groups considered core to the honey bee hindgut. Our results reveal that many bacteria prevalent in beebread and the crop are also found in floral nectar, suggesting frequent horizontal transmission. From beebread we uncovered a variety of bacterial phylotypes, including many possible pathogens and food spoilage organisms, and potentially beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus kunkeei , Acetobacteraceae and many different groups of Actinobacteria. Contributions of these bacteria to colony health may include general hygiene, fungal and pathogen inhibition and beebread preservation. Our results are important for understanding the contribution to pollinator health of both environmentally vectored and core microbiota, and the identification of factors that may affect bacterial detection and transmission, colony food storage and disease susceptibility.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24358254</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0083125</doi><tpages>e83125</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-12, Vol.8 (12), p.e83125-e83125 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1468886293 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acetobacteraceae Acromyrmex octospinosus Actinobacteria alimentary tract Analysis Animals Antibiotics Apis mellifera Bacteria Bacteria - isolation & purification bacterial communities Bacteriological Techniques Bees Bees - microbiology Bees - physiology Colonies Crop diseases Crops Cultivation Culture Culture media Digestive tract disease resistance Disease susceptibility Disease transmission DNA, Bacterial - genetics Ecology Endophytes - isolation & purification Eukaryotes eukaryotic cells European honeybee Flowers food pathogens Food spoilage Food storage Foregut Fungi Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology Grocery stores Health high-throughput nucleotide sequencing Hindgut Honey Honey - microbiology honey bees Hygiene Insects intestinal microorganisms Lactobacillus kunkeei microbial detection Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Microorganisms Midgut Nectar nucleotide sequences Nutrition Pathogens Phylogeny phylotype Plant Nectar Plant reproduction Pollen Pollination Pollinators Preservation Probiotics propolis rDNA ribosomal DNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Spoilage Symbiosis |
| title | Microbial Ecology of the Hive and Pollination Landscape: Bacterial Associates from Floral Nectar, the Alimentary Tract and Stored Food of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) |
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