Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates the perception of force output production in non-exercised hand muscles after unilateral exercise
We examined whether unilateral exercise creates perception bias in the non-exercised limb and ascertained whether rTMS applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) interferes with this perception. All participants completed 4 interventions: 1) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contraction...
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| description | We examined whether unilateral exercise creates perception bias in the non-exercised limb and ascertained whether rTMS applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) interferes with this perception. All participants completed 4 interventions: 1) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand (EX), 2) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand whilst receiving rTMS over the contralateral M1 (rTMS+EX); 3) 15-min of rTMS over the 'trained' M1 (rTMS) and 4) 15-min rest (Rest). Pre and post-interventions, the error of force output production, the perception of effort (RPE), motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were measured in both hands. EX did not alter the error of force output production in the trained hand (Δ3%; P>0.05); however, the error of force output production was reduced in the untrained hand (Δ12%; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0080202 |
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All participants completed 4 interventions: 1) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand (EX), 2) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand whilst receiving rTMS over the contralateral M1 (rTMS+EX); 3) 15-min of rTMS over the 'trained' M1 (rTMS) and 4) 15-min rest (Rest). Pre and post-interventions, the error of force output production, the perception of effort (RPE), motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were measured in both hands. EX did not alter the error of force output production in the trained hand (Δ3%; P>0.05); however, the error of force output production was reduced in the untrained hand (Δ12%; P<0.05). rTMS+EX and rTMS alone did not show an attenuation in the error of force output production in either hand. EX increased RPE in the trained hand (9.1±0.5 vs. 11.3±0.7; P<0.01) but not the untrained hand (8.8±0.6 vs. 9.2±0.6; P>0.05). RPE was significantly higher after rTMS+EX in the trained hand (9.2±0.5 vs. 10.7±0.7; P<0.01) but ratings were unchanged in the untrained hand (8.5±0.6 vs. 9.2±0.5; P>0.05). The novel finding was that exercise alone reduced the error in force output production by over a third in the untrained hand. Further, when exercise was combined with rTMS the transfer of force perception was attenuated. These data suggest that the contralateral M1 of the trained hand might, in part, play an essential role for the transfer of force perception to the untrained hand.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080202</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24278259</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Attenuation ; Brain research ; Cortex (motor) ; Electromyography ; Errors ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Exercise ; Female ; Hand ; Hand - physiology ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Life sciences ; Magnetic fields ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor ability ; Motor evoked potentials ; Muscle contraction ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles ; Neurological disorders ; Neurosciences ; Perception ; Perceptions ; Physiology ; Skills ; Studies ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-11, Vol.8 (11), p.e80202</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Goodall et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Goodall et al 2013 Goodall et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-a3ef3ae0327d3d9c4722c7fed56ab16725691e7c1ce54c8583c69b4b91c04de23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-a3ef3ae0327d3d9c4722c7fed56ab16725691e7c1ce54c8583c69b4b91c04de23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838421/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838421/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278259$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Goodall, Stuart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>St Clair Gibson, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voller, Bernhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lomarev, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howatson, Glyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dang, Nguyet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hortobágyi, Tibor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallett, Mark</creatorcontrib><title>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates the perception of force output production in non-exercised hand muscles after unilateral exercise</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>We examined whether unilateral exercise creates perception bias in the non-exercised limb and ascertained whether rTMS applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) interferes with this perception. All participants completed 4 interventions: 1) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand (EX), 2) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand whilst receiving rTMS over the contralateral M1 (rTMS+EX); 3) 15-min of rTMS over the 'trained' M1 (rTMS) and 4) 15-min rest (Rest). Pre and post-interventions, the error of force output production, the perception of effort (RPE), motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were measured in both hands. EX did not alter the error of force output production in the trained hand (Δ3%; P>0.05); however, the error of force output production was reduced in the untrained hand (Δ12%; P<0.05). rTMS+EX and rTMS alone did not show an attenuation in the error of force output production in either hand. EX increased RPE in the trained hand (9.1±0.5 vs. 11.3±0.7; P<0.01) but not the untrained hand (8.8±0.6 vs. 9.2±0.6; P>0.05). RPE was significantly higher after rTMS+EX in the trained hand (9.2±0.5 vs. 10.7±0.7; P<0.01) but ratings were unchanged in the untrained hand (8.5±0.6 vs. 9.2±0.5; P>0.05). The novel finding was that exercise alone reduced the error in force output production by over a third in the untrained hand. Further, when exercise was combined with rTMS the transfer of force perception was attenuated. These data suggest that the contralateral M1 of the trained hand might, in part, play an essential role for the transfer of force perception to the untrained hand.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attenuation</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cortex (motor)</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Errors</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials, Motor</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hand</subject><subject>Hand - physiology</subject><subject>Hand Strength</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motor ability</subject><subject>Motor evoked potentials</subject><subject>Muscle contraction</subject><subject>Muscle Strength</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Neurological disorders</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Skills</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9tq3DAQhk1padK0b1BaQaG0F7u1Drbsm0IIPSwEAunhVsjSeFfBllwdQvoofdtqT2G35KIYbFnz_f94xpqieInLOaYcf7hxyVs5zCdnYV6WTUlK8qg4xS0ls5qU9PHB-qR4FsJNWVa0qeunxQlhhDekak-LP9cwQTTR3AKKXtqg8s3IAY1yaXNAoRDNmAYZjbNIxgg2yQgBxRWgCbyCaRNxPepdfkMuxSlFNHmnk9qEjEXW2RncZdoE0GglrUZjCmrIPrKP4FGyJqcAnxPvuefFk14OAV7snmfFj8-fvl98nV1efVlcnF_OVN2SOJMUeiqhpIRrqlvFOCGK96CrWna45qSqWwxcYQUVU03V0KzrWNdiVTINhJ4Vr7e-0-CC2HU1CMzqsuEtb6tMLLaEdvJGTN6M0v8WThqx2XB-KaTPrRpA1FwrWTcYUwDGKOv6nnDCVMeZrjpNs9fHXbbUjaAV2Nz14cj0OGLNSizdraANbRjB2eDdzsC7XwlCFKMJCoZBWnBp890E5zLbOqNv_kEfrm5HLWUuwNje5bxqbSrOGW9wXVG8puYPUPnSMBqVj2Bv8v6R4P2RIDMR7uJSphDE4tv1_7NXP4_ZtwfsCuQQV8ENaX3UwjHItqDyLgQP_X2TcSnWE7TvhlhPkNhNUJa9OvxB96L9yNC_kisa1g</recordid><startdate>20131122</startdate><enddate>20131122</enddate><creator>Goodall, Stuart</creator><creator>St Clair Gibson, Alan</creator><creator>Voller, Bernhard</creator><creator>Lomarev, Mike</creator><creator>Howatson, Glyn</creator><creator>Dang, Nguyet</creator><creator>Hortobágyi, Tibor</creator><creator>Hallett, Mark</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131122</creationdate><title>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates the perception of force output production in non-exercised hand muscles after unilateral exercise</title><author>Goodall, Stuart ; St Clair Gibson, Alan ; Voller, Bernhard ; Lomarev, Mike ; Howatson, Glyn ; Dang, Nguyet ; Hortobágyi, Tibor ; Hallett, Mark</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-a3ef3ae0327d3d9c4722c7fed56ab16725691e7c1ce54c8583c69b4b91c04de23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Attenuation</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Cortex (motor)</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Errors</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials, Motor</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hand</topic><topic>Hand - 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All participants completed 4 interventions: 1) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand (EX), 2) 15-min learning period of intermittent isometric contractions at 35% MVC with the trained hand whilst receiving rTMS over the contralateral M1 (rTMS+EX); 3) 15-min of rTMS over the 'trained' M1 (rTMS) and 4) 15-min rest (Rest). Pre and post-interventions, the error of force output production, the perception of effort (RPE), motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were measured in both hands. EX did not alter the error of force output production in the trained hand (Δ3%; P>0.05); however, the error of force output production was reduced in the untrained hand (Δ12%; P<0.05). rTMS+EX and rTMS alone did not show an attenuation in the error of force output production in either hand. EX increased RPE in the trained hand (9.1±0.5 vs. 11.3±0.7; P<0.01) but not the untrained hand (8.8±0.6 vs. 9.2±0.6; P>0.05). RPE was significantly higher after rTMS+EX in the trained hand (9.2±0.5 vs. 10.7±0.7; P<0.01) but ratings were unchanged in the untrained hand (8.5±0.6 vs. 9.2±0.5; P>0.05). The novel finding was that exercise alone reduced the error in force output production by over a third in the untrained hand. Further, when exercise was combined with rTMS the transfer of force perception was attenuated. These data suggest that the contralateral M1 of the trained hand might, in part, play an essential role for the transfer of force perception to the untrained hand.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24278259</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0080202</doi><tpages>e80202</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Attenuation Brain research Cortex (motor) Electromyography Errors Evoked Potentials, Motor Exercise Female Hand Hand - physiology Hand Strength Humans Life sciences Magnetic fields Male Middle Aged Motor ability Motor evoked potentials Muscle contraction Muscle Strength Muscles Neurological disorders Neurosciences Perception Perceptions Physiology Skills Studies Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
| title | Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates the perception of force output production in non-exercised hand muscles after unilateral exercise |
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