Changes in cerebral blood flow during olfactory stimulation in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopic study
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by somatic distress upon exposure to odors. Patients with MCS process odors differently from controls. This odor-processing may be associated with activation in the prefrontal area connecting to the anterior cingulate cortex, which has been sugges...
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| description | Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by somatic distress upon exposure to odors. Patients with MCS process odors differently from controls. This odor-processing may be associated with activation in the prefrontal area connecting to the anterior cingulate cortex, which has been suggested as an area of odorant-related activation in MCS patients. In this study, activation was defined as a significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) because of odorant stimulation. Using the well-designed card-type olfactory test kit, changes in rCBF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were investigated after olfactory stimulation with several different odorants. Near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging was performed in 12 MCS patients and 11 controls. The olfactory stimulation test was continuously repeated 10 times. The study also included subjective assessment of physical and psychological status and the perception of irritating and hedonic odors. Significant changes in rCBF were observed in the PFC of MCS patients on both the right and left sides, as distinct from the center of the PFC, compared with controls. MCS patients adequately distinguished the non-odorant in 10 odor repetitions during the early stage of the olfactory stimulation test, but not in the late stage. In comparison to controls, autonomic perception and negative affectivity were poorer in MCS patients. These results suggest that prefrontal information processing associated with odor-processing neuronal circuits and memory and cognition processes from past experience of chemical exposure play significant roles in the pathology of this disorder. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0080567 |
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Patients with MCS process odors differently from controls. This odor-processing may be associated with activation in the prefrontal area connecting to the anterior cingulate cortex, which has been suggested as an area of odorant-related activation in MCS patients. In this study, activation was defined as a significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) because of odorant stimulation. Using the well-designed card-type olfactory test kit, changes in rCBF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were investigated after olfactory stimulation with several different odorants. Near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging was performed in 12 MCS patients and 11 controls. The olfactory stimulation test was continuously repeated 10 times. The study also included subjective assessment of physical and psychological status and the perception of irritating and hedonic odors. Significant changes in rCBF were observed in the PFC of MCS patients on both the right and left sides, as distinct from the center of the PFC, compared with controls. MCS patients adequately distinguished the non-odorant in 10 odor repetitions during the early stage of the olfactory stimulation test, but not in the late stage. In comparison to controls, autonomic perception and negative affectivity were poorer in MCS patients. These results suggest that prefrontal information processing associated with odor-processing neuronal circuits and memory and cognition processes from past experience of chemical exposure play significant roles in the pathology of this disorder.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080567</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24278291</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Activation ; Adult ; Aged ; Autonomic nervous system ; Behavioral sciences ; Blood ; Blood flow ; Brain research ; Care and treatment ; Cerebral blood flow ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Chemicals ; Cognition ; Cortex (cingulate) ; Cortex (olfactory) ; Data processing ; Environmental health ; Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; I.R. radiation ; Information processing ; Infrared imaging ; Infrared spectra ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Laboratories ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Multiple chemical sensitivity ; Near infrared radiation ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons ; Neurosciences ; Odorants ; Odors ; Olfactory pathways ; Pasteur, Louis (1822-95) ; Patients ; Perception ; Prefrontal cortex ; Sensitivity ; Sensory stimulation ; Smell - physiology ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods ; Spectrum analysis ; Studies ; Subjective assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tomography ; University faculty</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-11, Vol.8 (11), p.e80567-e80567</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Azuma et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Azuma et al 2013 Azuma et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3a6df231885748c5bf31426f0c1f86ce7339f8712f03932df2581aaabffd07263</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3a6df231885748c5bf31426f0c1f86ce7339f8712f03932df2581aaabffd07263</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836968/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836968/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278291$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Matsunami, Hiroaki</contributor><creatorcontrib>Azuma, Kenichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchiyama, Iwao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takano, Hirohisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanigawa, Mari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azuma, Michiyo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bamba, Ikuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshikawa, Toshikazu</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in cerebral blood flow during olfactory stimulation in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopic study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by somatic distress upon exposure to odors. Patients with MCS process odors differently from controls. This odor-processing may be associated with activation in the prefrontal area connecting to the anterior cingulate cortex, which has been suggested as an area of odorant-related activation in MCS patients. In this study, activation was defined as a significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) because of odorant stimulation. Using the well-designed card-type olfactory test kit, changes in rCBF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were investigated after olfactory stimulation with several different odorants. Near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging was performed in 12 MCS patients and 11 controls. The olfactory stimulation test was continuously repeated 10 times. The study also included subjective assessment of physical and psychological status and the perception of irritating and hedonic odors. Significant changes in rCBF were observed in the PFC of MCS patients on both the right and left sides, as distinct from the center of the PFC, compared with controls. MCS patients adequately distinguished the non-odorant in 10 odor repetitions during the early stage of the olfactory stimulation test, but not in the late stage. In comparison to controls, autonomic perception and negative affectivity were poorer in MCS patients. These results suggest that prefrontal information processing associated with odor-processing neuronal circuits and memory and cognition processes from past experience of chemical exposure play significant roles in the pathology of this disorder.</description><subject>Activation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Autonomic nervous system</subject><subject>Behavioral sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cerebral blood flow</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cortex (cingulate)</subject><subject>Cortex (olfactory)</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>I.R. radiation</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Infrared imaging</subject><subject>Infrared spectra</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multiple chemical sensitivity</subject><subject>Near infrared radiation</subject><subject>Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Odorants</subject><subject>Odors</subject><subject>Olfactory pathways</subject><subject>Pasteur, Louis (1822-95)</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Prefrontal cortex</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Sensory stimulation</subject><subject>Smell - physiology</subject><subject>Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Subjective assessment</subject><subject>Surveys and 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in cerebral blood flow during olfactory stimulation in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopic study</title><author>Azuma, Kenichi ; Uchiyama, Iwao ; Takano, Hirohisa ; Tanigawa, Mari ; Azuma, Michiyo ; Bamba, Ikuko ; Yoshikawa, Toshikazu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3a6df231885748c5bf31426f0c1f86ce7339f8712f03932df2581aaabffd07263</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Activation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Autonomic nervous system</topic><topic>Behavioral sciences</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood flow</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Cerebral blood flow</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation</topic><topic>Chemicals</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Cortex (cingulate)</topic><topic>Cortex 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One</addtitle><date>2013-11-21</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e80567</spage><epage>e80567</epage><pages>e80567-e80567</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by somatic distress upon exposure to odors. Patients with MCS process odors differently from controls. This odor-processing may be associated with activation in the prefrontal area connecting to the anterior cingulate cortex, which has been suggested as an area of odorant-related activation in MCS patients. In this study, activation was defined as a significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) because of odorant stimulation. Using the well-designed card-type olfactory test kit, changes in rCBF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were investigated after olfactory stimulation with several different odorants. Near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging was performed in 12 MCS patients and 11 controls. The olfactory stimulation test was continuously repeated 10 times. The study also included subjective assessment of physical and psychological status and the perception of irritating and hedonic odors. Significant changes in rCBF were observed in the PFC of MCS patients on both the right and left sides, as distinct from the center of the PFC, compared with controls. MCS patients adequately distinguished the non-odorant in 10 odor repetitions during the early stage of the olfactory stimulation test, but not in the late stage. In comparison to controls, autonomic perception and negative affectivity were poorer in MCS patients. These results suggest that prefrontal information processing associated with odor-processing neuronal circuits and memory and cognition processes from past experience of chemical exposure play significant roles in the pathology of this disorder.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24278291</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0080567</doi><tpages>e80567</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Activation Adult Aged Autonomic nervous system Behavioral sciences Blood Blood flow Brain research Care and treatment Cerebral blood flow Cerebrovascular Circulation Chemicals Cognition Cortex (cingulate) Cortex (olfactory) Data processing Environmental health Exposure Female Humans I.R. radiation Information processing Infrared imaging Infrared spectra Infrared spectroscopy Laboratories Male Medical imaging Medical research Medicine Memory Middle Aged Multiple chemical sensitivity Near infrared radiation Neuroimaging Neurons Neurosciences Odorants Odors Olfactory pathways Pasteur, Louis (1822-95) Patients Perception Prefrontal cortex Sensitivity Sensory stimulation Smell - physiology Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods Spectrum analysis Studies Subjective assessment Surveys and Questionnaires Tomography University faculty |
| title | Changes in cerebral blood flow during olfactory stimulation in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopic study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-06T15%3A27%3A06IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Changes%20in%20cerebral%20blood%20flow%20during%20olfactory%20stimulation%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20chemical%20sensitivity:%20a%20multi-channel%20near-infrared%20spectroscopic%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Azuma,%20Kenichi&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e80567&rft.epage=e80567&rft.pages=e80567-e80567&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080567&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478172106%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1460505256&rft_id=info:pmid/24278291&rft_galeid=A478172106&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_253c054f87e74fabb17ca8d6173c3ee7&rfr_iscdi=true |