The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in relation to state levels of loneliness in adolescence: evidence for micro-level gene-environment interactions
Previous research has shown that the rs53576 variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with trait levels of loneliness, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study is to examine micro-level effects of the OXTR rs53576 variant on state levels of loneliness in early ado...
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description | Previous research has shown that the rs53576 variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with trait levels of loneliness, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study is to examine micro-level effects of the OXTR rs53576 variant on state levels of loneliness in early adolescents. In addition, gene-environment interactions are examined between this OXTR variant and positive and negative perceptions of company. Data were collected in 278 adolescents (58% girls), by means of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Sampling periods consisted of six days with nine assessments per day. A relation was found between the OXTR rs53576 variant and state loneliness, in girls only. Girls carrying an A allele had higher levels of state loneliness than girls carrying the GG genotype. In addition, adolescents with an A allele were more affected by negative perceptions of company than GG carriers, on weekend days only. No significant gene-environment interactions were found with positive company. Adolescents carrying an A allele were more susceptible to negative environments during weekend days than GG carriers. Our findings emphasize the importance of operationalizing the phenotype and the environment accurately. |
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The aim of the present study is to examine micro-level effects of the OXTR rs53576 variant on state levels of loneliness in early adolescents. In addition, gene-environment interactions are examined between this OXTR variant and positive and negative perceptions of company. Data were collected in 278 adolescents (58% girls), by means of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Sampling periods consisted of six days with nine assessments per day. A relation was found between the OXTR rs53576 variant and state loneliness, in girls only. Girls carrying an A allele had higher levels of state loneliness than girls carrying the GG genotype. In addition, adolescents with an A allele were more affected by negative perceptions of company than GG carriers, on weekend days only. No significant gene-environment interactions were found with positive company. Adolescents carrying an A allele were more susceptible to negative environments during weekend days than GG carriers. Our findings emphasize the importance of operationalizing the phenotype and the environment accurately.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077689</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24223720</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescence ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Alleles ; Behavior ; Carriers ; Child development ; Environment ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype-environment interactions ; Genotypes ; Girls ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Male ; Oxytocin ; Phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Oxytocin - genetics ; Risk ; Sampling ; Sampling methods ; Science ; Sex Characteristics ; Social isolation ; Studies ; Teenagers ; Youth</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-11, Vol.8 (11), p.e77689-e77689</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 van Roekel et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 van Roekel et al 2013 van Roekel et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-bbf874bf41e747228b63c2f7343b29a0ace036fab25f9027d8f92517e162267e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-bbf874bf41e747228b63c2f7343b29a0ace036fab25f9027d8f92517e162267e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3817194/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3817194/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223720$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Krueger, Frank</contributor><creatorcontrib>van Roekel, Eeske</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhagen, Maaike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholte, Ron H J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kleinjan, Marloes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goossens, Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engels, Rutger C M E</creatorcontrib><title>The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in relation to state levels of loneliness in adolescence: evidence for micro-level gene-environment interactions</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Previous research has shown that the rs53576 variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with trait levels of loneliness, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study is to examine micro-level effects of the OXTR rs53576 variant on state levels of loneliness in early adolescents. In addition, gene-environment interactions are examined between this OXTR variant and positive and negative perceptions of company. Data were collected in 278 adolescents (58% girls), by means of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Sampling periods consisted of six days with nine assessments per day. A relation was found between the OXTR rs53576 variant and state loneliness, in girls only. Girls carrying an A allele had higher levels of state loneliness than girls carrying the GG genotype. In addition, adolescents with an A allele were more affected by negative perceptions of company than GG carriers, on weekend days only. No significant gene-environment interactions were found with positive company. Adolescents carrying an A allele were more susceptible to negative environments during weekend days than GG carriers. 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One</addtitle><date>2013-11-04</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e77689</spage><epage>e77689</epage><pages>e77689-e77689</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Previous research has shown that the rs53576 variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with trait levels of loneliness, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study is to examine micro-level effects of the OXTR rs53576 variant on state levels of loneliness in early adolescents. In addition, gene-environment interactions are examined between this OXTR variant and positive and negative perceptions of company. Data were collected in 278 adolescents (58% girls), by means of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Sampling periods consisted of six days with nine assessments per day. A relation was found between the OXTR rs53576 variant and state loneliness, in girls only. Girls carrying an A allele had higher levels of state loneliness than girls carrying the GG genotype. In addition, adolescents with an A allele were more affected by negative perceptions of company than GG carriers, on weekend days only. No significant gene-environment interactions were found with positive company. Adolescents carrying an A allele were more susceptible to negative environments during weekend days than GG carriers. Our findings emphasize the importance of operationalizing the phenotype and the environment accurately.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24223720</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0077689</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescence Adolescent Adolescents Alleles Behavior Carriers Child development Environment Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genes Genetic aspects Genetic Association Studies Genotype-environment interactions Genotypes Girls Humans Loneliness Male Oxytocin Phenotype Phenotypes Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Receptors, Oxytocin - genetics Risk Sampling Sampling methods Science Sex Characteristics Social isolation Studies Teenagers Youth |
title | The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in relation to state levels of loneliness in adolescence: evidence for micro-level gene-environment interactions |
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