Transcriptomic analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom Phytoplasma
Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria that have no cell wall and are responsible for major crop losses throughout the world. Phytoplasma-infected plants show a variety of symptoms and the mechanisms they use to physiologically alter the host plants are of considerable interest, but poorly under...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2013-10, Vol.8 (10), p.e77217-e77217 |
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| creator | Mou, Hai-Qing Lu, Jie Zhu, Shui-Fang Lin, Cai-Li Tian, Guo-Zhong Xu, Xia Zhao, Wen-Jun |
| description | Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria that have no cell wall and are responsible for major crop losses throughout the world. Phytoplasma-infected plants show a variety of symptoms and the mechanisms they use to physiologically alter the host plants are of considerable interest, but poorly understood. In this study we undertook a detailed analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB) Phytoplasma using high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and digital gene expression (DGE). RNA-Seq analysis identified 74,831 unigenes, which were subsequently used as reference sequences for DGE analysis of diseased and healthy Paulownia in field grown and tissue cultured plants. Our study revealed that dramatic changes occurred in the gene expression profile of Paulownia after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Genes encoding key enzymes in cytokinin biosynthesis, such as isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and isopentenyltransferase, were significantly induced in the infected Paulownia. Genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and degradation were largely up-regulated and genes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Our systematic analysis provides comprehensive transcriptomic data about plants infected by Phytoplasma. This information will help further our understanding of the detailed interaction mechanisms between plants and Phytoplasma. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0077217 |
| format | Article |
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Phytoplasma-infected plants show a variety of symptoms and the mechanisms they use to physiologically alter the host plants are of considerable interest, but poorly understood. In this study we undertook a detailed analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB) Phytoplasma using high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and digital gene expression (DGE). RNA-Seq analysis identified 74,831 unigenes, which were subsequently used as reference sequences for DGE analysis of diseased and healthy Paulownia in field grown and tissue cultured plants. Our study revealed that dramatic changes occurred in the gene expression profile of Paulownia after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Genes encoding key enzymes in cytokinin biosynthesis, such as isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and isopentenyltransferase, were significantly induced in the infected Paulownia. Genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and degradation were largely up-regulated and genes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Our systematic analysis provides comprehensive transcriptomic data about plants infected by Phytoplasma. This information will help further our understanding of the detailed interaction mechanisms between plants and Phytoplasma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077217</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24130859</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Analysis ; Biodegradation ; Biosynthesis ; Cell walls ; Gangrene ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene sequencing ; Genes ; Genomics ; Health aspects ; Host plants ; Infections ; Isopentenyl diphosphate ; Magnoliopsida - genetics ; Magnoliopsida - microbiology ; Medical research ; Metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Pathogenesis ; Paulownia ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplasma ; Phytoplasma - physiology ; Plant bacterial diseases ; Plant diseases ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Quarantine ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; RNA sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Witches ; Witches' broom</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-10, Vol.8 (10), p.e77217-e77217</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Mou et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Mou et al 2013 Mou et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-a489d9f09709278835a268d31d3b48fe77e3289e9fd7c92f6813eef44c5584da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-a489d9f09709278835a268d31d3b48fe77e3289e9fd7c92f6813eef44c5584da3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795066/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795066/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130859$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Vinatzer, Boris Alexander</contributor><creatorcontrib>Mou, Hai-Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Shui-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Cai-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Guo-Zhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Wen-Jun</creatorcontrib><title>Transcriptomic analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom Phytoplasma</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria that have no cell wall and are responsible for major crop losses throughout the world. Phytoplasma-infected plants show a variety of symptoms and the mechanisms they use to physiologically alter the host plants are of considerable interest, but poorly understood. In this study we undertook a detailed analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB) Phytoplasma using high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and digital gene expression (DGE). RNA-Seq analysis identified 74,831 unigenes, which were subsequently used as reference sequences for DGE analysis of diseased and healthy Paulownia in field grown and tissue cultured plants. Our study revealed that dramatic changes occurred in the gene expression profile of Paulownia after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Genes encoding key enzymes in cytokinin biosynthesis, such as isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and isopentenyltransferase, were significantly induced in the infected Paulownia. Genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and degradation were largely up-regulated and genes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Our systematic analysis provides comprehensive transcriptomic data about plants infected by Phytoplasma. This information will help further our understanding of the detailed interaction mechanisms between plants and Phytoplasma.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Gangrene</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Host plants</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Isopentenyl diphosphate</subject><subject>Magnoliopsida - genetics</subject><subject>Magnoliopsida - microbiology</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Annotation</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Paulownia</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Phytoplasma</subject><subject>Phytoplasma - physiology</subject><subject>Plant bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Plant diseases</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Quarantine</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA sequencing</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, RNA</subject><subject>Witches</subject><subject>Witches' broom</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkltrFDEUxwdRbK1-A9EBwcvDrrnNJHkRSvGyUGjR1teQyWU3y8xkTTLW_fZmu9OyI32QPCSc_M4_J-f8i-IlBHOIKfy49kPoZTvf-N7MAaAUQfqoOIYco1mNAH58cD4qnsW4BqDCrK6fFkeIQAxYxY-L66sg-6iC2yTfOVXKLLmNLpbelpdyaP1N72TpemtUMrpstgfRG5fUysR3syZ435WXq23ym1bGTj4vnljZRvNi3E-K6y-fr86-zc4vvi7OTs9nilYszSRhXHMLOAUcUcZwJVHNNIYaN4RZQ6nBiHHDraaKI1sziI2xhKiqYkRLfFK83utuWh_F2JEoICEQMQgwzcRiT2gv12ITXCfDVnjpxG3Ah6WQITnVGiEtazTWnFQUEFxRWZG6whwR1XCgNM5an8bXhqYzWpk-BdlORKc3vVuJpf8tMOUVqOss8H4UCP7XYGISnYvKtK3sjR9u68acEwBQRt_8gz78u5FayvyBPCWf31U7UXFKKMM417-re_4AlZc2eeTZPtbl-CThwyQhM8n8SUs5xCgWP77_P3vxc8q-PWBXRrZpFX07JOf7OAXJHlTBxxiMvW8yBGLn_rtuiJ37xej-nPbqcED3SXd2x38Bikz-zg</recordid><startdate>20131010</startdate><enddate>20131010</enddate><creator>Mou, Hai-Qing</creator><creator>Lu, Jie</creator><creator>Zhu, Shui-Fang</creator><creator>Lin, Cai-Li</creator><creator>Tian, Guo-Zhong</creator><creator>Xu, Xia</creator><creator>Zhao, Wen-Jun</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131010</creationdate><title>Transcriptomic analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom Phytoplasma</title><author>Mou, Hai-Qing ; Lu, Jie ; Zhu, Shui-Fang ; Lin, Cai-Li ; Tian, Guo-Zhong ; Xu, Xia ; Zhao, Wen-Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-a489d9f09709278835a268d31d3b48fe77e3289e9fd7c92f6813eef44c5584da3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Cell walls</topic><topic>Gangrene</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Profiling</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Host plants</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Isopentenyl diphosphate</topic><topic>Magnoliopsida - 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Phytoplasma-infected plants show a variety of symptoms and the mechanisms they use to physiologically alter the host plants are of considerable interest, but poorly understood. In this study we undertook a detailed analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB) Phytoplasma using high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and digital gene expression (DGE). RNA-Seq analysis identified 74,831 unigenes, which were subsequently used as reference sequences for DGE analysis of diseased and healthy Paulownia in field grown and tissue cultured plants. Our study revealed that dramatic changes occurred in the gene expression profile of Paulownia after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Genes encoding key enzymes in cytokinin biosynthesis, such as isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and isopentenyltransferase, were significantly induced in the infected Paulownia. Genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and degradation were largely up-regulated and genes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated after PaWB Phytoplasma infection. Our systematic analysis provides comprehensive transcriptomic data about plants infected by Phytoplasma. This information will help further our understanding of the detailed interaction mechanisms between plants and Phytoplasma.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24130859</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0077217</doi><tpages>e77217</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Analysis Biodegradation Biosynthesis Cell walls Gangrene Gene expression Gene Expression Profiling Gene sequencing Genes Genomics Health aspects Host plants Infections Isopentenyl diphosphate Magnoliopsida - genetics Magnoliopsida - microbiology Medical research Metabolism Molecular Sequence Annotation Pathogenesis Paulownia Photosynthesis Phytoplasma Phytoplasma - physiology Plant bacterial diseases Plant diseases Plant Diseases - microbiology Quarantine Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA sequencing Sequence Analysis, RNA Witches Witches' broom |
| title | Transcriptomic analysis of Paulownia infected by Paulownia witches'-broom Phytoplasma |
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