Field-isolated genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis vary in virulence and influence case pathology but do not affect outbreak size
Strains of many infectious agents differ in fundamental epidemiological parameters including transmissibility, virulence and pathology. We investigated whether genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) differ significantly in transmissibility and virulence, c...
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| description | Strains of many infectious agents differ in fundamental epidemiological parameters including transmissibility, virulence and pathology. We investigated whether genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) differ significantly in transmissibility and virulence, combining data from a nine-year survey of the genetic structure of the M. bovis population in Northern Ireland with detailed records of the cattle population during the same period. We used the size of herd breakdowns as a proxy measure of transmissibility and the proportion of skin test positive animals (reactors) that were visibly lesioned as a measure of virulence. Average breakdown size increased with herd size and varied depending on the manner of detection (routine herd testing or tracing of infectious contacts) but we found no significant variation among M. bovis genotypes in breakdown size once these factors had been accounted for. However breakdowns due to some genotypes had a greater proportion of lesioned reactors than others, indicating that there may be variation in virulence among genotypes. These findings indicate that the current bTB control programme may be detecting infected herds sufficiently quickly so that differences in virulence are not manifested in terms of outbreak sizes. We also investigated whether pathology of infected cattle varied according to M. bovis genotype, analysing the distribution of lesions recorded at post mortem inspection. We concentrated on the proportion of cases lesioned in the lower respiratory tract, which can indicate the relative importance of the respiratory and alimentary routes of infection. The distribution of lesions varied among genotypes and with cattle age and there were also subtle differences among breeds. Age and breed differences may be related to differences in susceptibility and husbandry, but reasons for variation in lesion distribution among genotypes require further investigation. |
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We investigated whether genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) differ significantly in transmissibility and virulence, combining data from a nine-year survey of the genetic structure of the M. bovis population in Northern Ireland with detailed records of the cattle population during the same period. We used the size of herd breakdowns as a proxy measure of transmissibility and the proportion of skin test positive animals (reactors) that were visibly lesioned as a measure of virulence. Average breakdown size increased with herd size and varied depending on the manner of detection (routine herd testing or tracing of infectious contacts) but we found no significant variation among M. bovis genotypes in breakdown size once these factors had been accounted for. However breakdowns due to some genotypes had a greater proportion of lesioned reactors than others, indicating that there may be variation in virulence among genotypes. These findings indicate that the current bTB control programme may be detecting infected herds sufficiently quickly so that differences in virulence are not manifested in terms of outbreak sizes. We also investigated whether pathology of infected cattle varied according to M. bovis genotype, analysing the distribution of lesions recorded at post mortem inspection. We concentrated on the proportion of cases lesioned in the lower respiratory tract, which can indicate the relative importance of the respiratory and alimentary routes of infection. The distribution of lesions varied among genotypes and with cattle age and there were also subtle differences among breeds. Age and breed differences may be related to differences in susceptibility and husbandry, but reasons for variation in lesion distribution among genotypes require further investigation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074503</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24086351</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal husbandry ; Animal populations ; Animals ; Bacteriology ; Beef cattle ; Bovidae ; Breakdown ; Breeding ; Cattle ; Cattle - microbiology ; Cattle industry ; Disease Outbreaks - veterinary ; Epidemiology ; Evolution ; Food ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic structure ; Genetics ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Immunology ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Inspection ; Lesions ; Lymphatic system ; Medical research ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium bovis - genetics ; Mycobacterium bovis - isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium bovis - pathogenicity ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Northern Ireland - epidemiology ; Outbreaks ; Pathology ; Population ; Public health ; Reactors ; Respiratory tract ; Skin ; Skin tests ; Studies ; Surveys ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Bovine - epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Bovine - microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Bovine - pathology ; Ultrasonic testing ; Variation ; Virulence ; Virulence - genetics</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e74503-e74503</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Wright et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Wright et al 2013 Wright et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7decf98103940ab26962b932d457c256234d979c75e00aec6d78f09c62d510ff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7decf98103940ab26962b932d457c256234d979c75e00aec6d78f09c62d510ff3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781146/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781146/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086351$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wright, David M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Adrian R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mallon, Thomas R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDowell, Stanley W J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bishop, Stephen C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glass, Elizabeth J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bermingham, Mairead L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woolliams, John A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skuce, Robin A</creatorcontrib><title>Field-isolated genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis vary in virulence and influence case pathology but do not affect outbreak size</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Strains of many infectious agents differ in fundamental epidemiological parameters including transmissibility, virulence and pathology. We investigated whether genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) differ significantly in transmissibility and virulence, combining data from a nine-year survey of the genetic structure of the M. bovis population in Northern Ireland with detailed records of the cattle population during the same period. We used the size of herd breakdowns as a proxy measure of transmissibility and the proportion of skin test positive animals (reactors) that were visibly lesioned as a measure of virulence. Average breakdown size increased with herd size and varied depending on the manner of detection (routine herd testing or tracing of infectious contacts) but we found no significant variation among M. bovis genotypes in breakdown size once these factors had been accounted for. However breakdowns due to some genotypes had a greater proportion of lesioned reactors than others, indicating that there may be variation in virulence among genotypes. These findings indicate that the current bTB control programme may be detecting infected herds sufficiently quickly so that differences in virulence are not manifested in terms of outbreak sizes. We also investigated whether pathology of infected cattle varied according to M. bovis genotype, analysing the distribution of lesions recorded at post mortem inspection. We concentrated on the proportion of cases lesioned in the lower respiratory tract, which can indicate the relative importance of the respiratory and alimentary routes of infection. The distribution of lesions varied among genotypes and with cattle age and there were also subtle differences among breeds. Age and breed differences may be related to differences in susceptibility and husbandry, but reasons for variation in lesion distribution among genotypes require further investigation.</description><subject>Animal husbandry</subject><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Beef cattle</subject><subject>Bovidae</subject><subject>Breakdown</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cattle - microbiology</subject><subject>Cattle industry</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks - veterinary</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic structure</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Inspection</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Mycobacterium bovis</subject><subject>Mycobacterium bovis - genetics</subject><subject>Mycobacterium bovis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Mycobacterium bovis - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</subject><subject>Northern Ireland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Reactors</subject><subject>Respiratory tract</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin tests</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subject>Tuberculosis, Bovine - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tuberculosis, Bovine - microbiology</subject><subject>Tuberculosis, Bovine - pathology</subject><subject>Ultrasonic testing</subject><subject>Variation</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence - genetics</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1tv0zAUxyMEYmPwDRBYQkLw0OJLYtcvSNPEoNLQJG6vluMctx5u3MVORXngs-Ou2dSgPaA8OD7-nf-52KconhM8JUyQd1eh71rtp-vQwhRjUVaYPSiOiWR0wilmDw_-j4onMV5hXLEZ54-LI1riGWcVOS7-nDvwzcTF4HWCBi2gDWm7hoiCRZ-3JtTaJOhcv0J12LiINrrbIteijet6D60BpNsmG6zvb3ZGR0BrnZbBh8UW1X1CTUBZFGlrwSQU-lR3oH-i6H7D0-KR1T7Cs2E9Kb6ff_h29mlycflxfnZ6MTFc0jQRDRgrZwQzWWJdUy45rXNxTVkJQytOWdlIIY2oAGMNhjdiZrE0nDYVwdayk-LlXnftQ1RD66IiJatKRisqMzHfE03QV2rduVUuVAXt1I0hdAulu-SMByUJASIEcMhxK5E7lPPDlIMtJWArstb7IVpfr6Ax0KZO-5Ho-KR1S7UIG8XEjJCSZ4E3g0AXrnuISa1cNOC9biH0u7xLxqQUvMroq3_Q-6sbqIXOBeTbCjmu2Ymq0zIHZVTwXd7Te6j8NbByJr8z67J95PB25JCZBL_SQvcxqvnXL__PXv4Ys68P2CVon5b5hfbJhTaOwXIPmi7E2IG9azLBajcmt91QuzFRw5hktxeHF3TndDsX7C_0FQ4n</recordid><startdate>20130923</startdate><enddate>20130923</enddate><creator>Wright, David M</creator><creator>Allen, Adrian R</creator><creator>Mallon, Thomas R</creator><creator>McDowell, Stanley W J</creator><creator>Bishop, Stephen C</creator><creator>Glass, Elizabeth J</creator><creator>Bermingham, Mairead L</creator><creator>Woolliams, John A</creator><creator>Skuce, Robin A</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130923</creationdate><title>Field-isolated genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis vary in virulence and influence case pathology but do not affect outbreak size</title><author>Wright, David M ; Allen, Adrian R ; Mallon, Thomas R ; McDowell, Stanley W J ; Bishop, Stephen C ; Glass, Elizabeth J ; Bermingham, Mairead L ; Woolliams, John A ; Skuce, Robin A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7decf98103940ab26962b932d457c256234d979c75e00aec6d78f09c62d510ff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animal husbandry</topic><topic>Animal populations</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Beef cattle</topic><topic>Bovidae</topic><topic>Breakdown</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cattle - 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We investigated whether genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) differ significantly in transmissibility and virulence, combining data from a nine-year survey of the genetic structure of the M. bovis population in Northern Ireland with detailed records of the cattle population during the same period. We used the size of herd breakdowns as a proxy measure of transmissibility and the proportion of skin test positive animals (reactors) that were visibly lesioned as a measure of virulence. Average breakdown size increased with herd size and varied depending on the manner of detection (routine herd testing or tracing of infectious contacts) but we found no significant variation among M. bovis genotypes in breakdown size once these factors had been accounted for. However breakdowns due to some genotypes had a greater proportion of lesioned reactors than others, indicating that there may be variation in virulence among genotypes. These findings indicate that the current bTB control programme may be detecting infected herds sufficiently quickly so that differences in virulence are not manifested in terms of outbreak sizes. We also investigated whether pathology of infected cattle varied according to M. bovis genotype, analysing the distribution of lesions recorded at post mortem inspection. We concentrated on the proportion of cases lesioned in the lower respiratory tract, which can indicate the relative importance of the respiratory and alimentary routes of infection. The distribution of lesions varied among genotypes and with cattle age and there were also subtle differences among breeds. Age and breed differences may be related to differences in susceptibility and husbandry, but reasons for variation in lesion distribution among genotypes require further investigation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24086351</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0074503</doi><tpages>e74503</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e74503-e74503 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Animal husbandry Animal populations Animals Bacteriology Beef cattle Bovidae Breakdown Breeding Cattle Cattle - microbiology Cattle industry Disease Outbreaks - veterinary Epidemiology Evolution Food Genetic aspects Genetic structure Genetics Genotype Genotypes Immunology Infections Infectious diseases Inspection Lesions Lymphatic system Medical research Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis - genetics Mycobacterium bovis - isolation & purification Mycobacterium bovis - pathogenicity Mycobacterium tuberculosis Northern Ireland - epidemiology Outbreaks Pathology Population Public health Reactors Respiratory tract Skin Skin tests Studies Surveys Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Bovine - epidemiology Tuberculosis, Bovine - microbiology Tuberculosis, Bovine - pathology Ultrasonic testing Variation Virulence Virulence - genetics |
| title | Field-isolated genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis vary in virulence and influence case pathology but do not affect outbreak size |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-03T06%3A42%3A07IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Field-isolated%20genotypes%20of%20Mycobacterium%20bovis%20vary%20in%20virulence%20and%20influence%20case%20pathology%20but%20do%20not%20affect%20outbreak%20size&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Wright,%20David%20M&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e74503&rft.epage=e74503&rft.pages=e74503-e74503&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074503&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478132767%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1435432529&rft_id=info:pmid/24086351&rft_galeid=A478132767&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_911e177e6e23457bac7de026ef49e0f7&rfr_iscdi=true |