Discerning the subfibrillar structure of mineralized collagen fibrils: a model for the ultrastructure of bone
Biomineralization templated by organic molecules to produce inorganic-organic nanocomposites is a fascinating example of nature using bottom-up strategies at nanoscale to accomplish highly ordered multifunctional materials. One such nanocomposite is bone, composed primarily of hydroxyapatite (HA) na...
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| description | Biomineralization templated by organic molecules to produce inorganic-organic nanocomposites is a fascinating example of nature using bottom-up strategies at nanoscale to accomplish highly ordered multifunctional materials. One such nanocomposite is bone, composed primarily of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals that are embedded within collagen fibrils with their c-axes arranged roughly parallel to the long axis of the fibrils. Here we discern the ultra-structure of biomimetic mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) as consisting of bundles of subfibrils with approximately 10 nm diameter; each one with an organic-inorganic core-shell structure. Through an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor phase the HA nanocrystals were specifically grown along the longitudinal direction of the collagen microfibrils and encapsulated them within the crystal lattice. They intercalated throughout the collagen fibrils such that the mineral phase surrounded the surface of collagen microfibrils forming an interdigitated network. It appears that this arrangement of collagen microfibrils in collagen fibrils is responsible for the observed ultrastructure. Such a subfibrillar nanostructure in MCFs was identified in both synthetic and natural bone, suggesting this is the basic building block of collagen-based hard tissues. Insights into the ultrastructure of mineralized collagen fibrils have the potential to advance our understanding on the biomineralization principles and the relationship between bone's structure and mechanical properties, including fracture toughness mechanisms. We anticipate that these principles from biological systems can be applied to the rational design of new nanocomposites with improved performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0076782 |
| format | Article |
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One such nanocomposite is bone, composed primarily of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals that are embedded within collagen fibrils with their c-axes arranged roughly parallel to the long axis of the fibrils. Here we discern the ultra-structure of biomimetic mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) as consisting of bundles of subfibrils with approximately 10 nm diameter; each one with an organic-inorganic core-shell structure. Through an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor phase the HA nanocrystals were specifically grown along the longitudinal direction of the collagen microfibrils and encapsulated them within the crystal lattice. They intercalated throughout the collagen fibrils such that the mineral phase surrounded the surface of collagen microfibrils forming an interdigitated network. It appears that this arrangement of collagen microfibrils in collagen fibrils is responsible for the observed ultrastructure. Such a subfibrillar nanostructure in MCFs was identified in both synthetic and natural bone, suggesting this is the basic building block of collagen-based hard tissues. Insights into the ultrastructure of mineralized collagen fibrils have the potential to advance our understanding on the biomineralization principles and the relationship between bone's structure and mechanical properties, including fracture toughness mechanisms. We anticipate that these principles from biological systems can be applied to the rational design of new nanocomposites with improved performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076782</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24086763</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomechanics ; Biomedical materials ; Biomimetics ; Bone and Bones - metabolism ; Bone and Bones - physiology ; Bone and Bones - ultrastructure ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium ; Calcium phosphate ; Calcium phosphates ; Cattle ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I - chemistry ; Collagen Type I - metabolism ; Core-shell structure ; Crystal lattices ; Crystals ; Dental research ; Dentistry ; Fibrils ; Fracture toughness ; Hydroxyapatite ; Hydroxyapatites ; Mechanical properties ; Microfibrils ; Mineralization ; Models, Biological ; Multifunctional materials ; Nanocomposites ; Nanocrystals ; Organic chemistry ; Phosphates ; Polymers ; Studies ; Surgical implants ; Tissues ; Ultrastructure</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e76782-e76782</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Li et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Li et al 2013 Li et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-6e498cbe74c5314cae62f57acbec6e3ffb9d1ea61f6e63bb701dca3b19a76b4d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-6e498cbe74c5314cae62f57acbec6e3ffb9d1ea61f6e63bb701dca3b19a76b4d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781166/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781166/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086763$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Malaval, Luc</contributor><creatorcontrib>Li, Yuping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aparicio, Conrado</creatorcontrib><title>Discerning the subfibrillar structure of mineralized collagen fibrils: a model for the ultrastructure of bone</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Biomineralization templated by organic molecules to produce inorganic-organic nanocomposites is a fascinating example of nature using bottom-up strategies at nanoscale to accomplish highly ordered multifunctional materials. One such nanocomposite is bone, composed primarily of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals that are embedded within collagen fibrils with their c-axes arranged roughly parallel to the long axis of the fibrils. Here we discern the ultra-structure of biomimetic mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) as consisting of bundles of subfibrils with approximately 10 nm diameter; each one with an organic-inorganic core-shell structure. Through an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor phase the HA nanocrystals were specifically grown along the longitudinal direction of the collagen microfibrils and encapsulated them within the crystal lattice. They intercalated throughout the collagen fibrils such that the mineral phase surrounded the surface of collagen microfibrils forming an interdigitated network. It appears that this arrangement of collagen microfibrils in collagen fibrils is responsible for the observed ultrastructure. Such a subfibrillar nanostructure in MCFs was identified in both synthetic and natural bone, suggesting this is the basic building block of collagen-based hard tissues. Insights into the ultrastructure of mineralized collagen fibrils have the potential to advance our understanding on the biomineralization principles and the relationship between bone's structure and mechanical properties, including fracture toughness mechanisms. We anticipate that these principles from biological systems can be applied to the rational design of new nanocomposites with improved performance.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Biomimetics</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - metabolism</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - physiology</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Calcification, Physiologic</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium phosphate</subject><subject>Calcium phosphates</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Collagen</subject><subject>Collagen Type I - chemistry</subject><subject>Collagen Type I - metabolism</subject><subject>Core-shell structure</subject><subject>Crystal lattices</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Dental research</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Fibrils</subject><subject>Fracture toughness</subject><subject>Hydroxyapatite</subject><subject>Hydroxyapatites</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microfibrils</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Multifunctional materials</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nanocrystals</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Phosphates</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surgical 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structure</topic><topic>Crystal lattices</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Dental research</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Fibrils</topic><topic>Fracture toughness</topic><topic>Hydroxyapatite</topic><topic>Hydroxyapatites</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Microfibrils</topic><topic>Mineralization</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Multifunctional materials</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nanocrystals</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Phosphates</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surgical implants</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Ultrastructure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Yuping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aparicio, Conrado</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE 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one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-09-23</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e76782</spage><epage>e76782</epage><pages>e76782-e76782</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Biomineralization templated by organic molecules to produce inorganic-organic nanocomposites is a fascinating example of nature using bottom-up strategies at nanoscale to accomplish highly ordered multifunctional materials. One such nanocomposite is bone, composed primarily of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals that are embedded within collagen fibrils with their c-axes arranged roughly parallel to the long axis of the fibrils. Here we discern the ultra-structure of biomimetic mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) as consisting of bundles of subfibrils with approximately 10 nm diameter; each one with an organic-inorganic core-shell structure. Through an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor phase the HA nanocrystals were specifically grown along the longitudinal direction of the collagen microfibrils and encapsulated them within the crystal lattice. They intercalated throughout the collagen fibrils such that the mineral phase surrounded the surface of collagen microfibrils forming an interdigitated network. It appears that this arrangement of collagen microfibrils in collagen fibrils is responsible for the observed ultrastructure. Such a subfibrillar nanostructure in MCFs was identified in both synthetic and natural bone, suggesting this is the basic building block of collagen-based hard tissues. Insights into the ultrastructure of mineralized collagen fibrils have the potential to advance our understanding on the biomineralization principles and the relationship between bone's structure and mechanical properties, including fracture toughness mechanisms. We anticipate that these principles from biological systems can be applied to the rational design of new nanocomposites with improved performance.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24086763</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0076782</doi><tpages>e76782</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Biomechanics Biomedical materials Biomimetics Bone and Bones - metabolism Bone and Bones - physiology Bone and Bones - ultrastructure Calcification, Physiologic Calcium Calcium phosphate Calcium phosphates Cattle Collagen Collagen Type I - chemistry Collagen Type I - metabolism Core-shell structure Crystal lattices Crystals Dental research Dentistry Fibrils Fracture toughness Hydroxyapatite Hydroxyapatites Mechanical properties Microfibrils Mineralization Models, Biological Multifunctional materials Nanocomposites Nanocrystals Organic chemistry Phosphates Polymers Studies Surgical implants Tissues Ultrastructure |
| title | Discerning the subfibrillar structure of mineralized collagen fibrils: a model for the ultrastructure of bone |
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