Measles outbreak in Macedonia: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings and identification of susceptible cohorts
Despite a 92-99% national vaccination coverage since 2000, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia experienced a large measles outbreak between 2010 and 2011. Here we investigate the characteristics of patients hospitalized during this outbreak at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Skopje. Epide...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2013-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e74754-e74754 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e74754 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | e74754 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 8 |
| creator | Kondova, Irena T Milenkovic, Zvonko Marinkovic, Sanja P Bosevska, Golubinka Kuzmanovska, Gordana Kondov, Goran Alabakovska, Sonja Muller, Claude P Hübschen, Judith M |
| description | Despite a 92-99% national vaccination coverage since 2000, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia experienced a large measles outbreak between 2010 and 2011. Here we investigate the characteristics of patients hospitalized during this outbreak at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Skopje.
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of 284 measles patients, including 251 from Skopje (43.80% of the 573 reported cases) and 33 from elsewhere in Macedonia were collected.
The most affected age groups were children up to 4 years of age and adolescents/adults of 15 years and older. Most patients were unvaccinated (n=263, 92.61%) and many had non-Macedonian nationalities (n=156, 54.93%) or belonged to the Roma ethnicity (n=73, 25.70%). Bronchopneumonia and diarrhea were the most common complications. Eighty-two out of 86 tested patients (95.35%) had measles-specific IgM antibodies. The outbreak was caused by the measles variant D4-Hamburg.
The epidemic identified pockets of susceptibles in Skopje and indicated that additional vaccination opportunities in particular for people with non-Macedonian nationality and traveler communities are warranted to ensure efficient measles control in Macedonia. The high attack rate among children of less than 1 year suggests that vaccination before 12 months of age should be considered in high risk settings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0074754 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1431404656</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A478335267</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_d60736ad31c84c62ba0764be2839f143</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A478335267</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-29adb91ebebaaa4415d7970e9bd105aaa44bc857cacffb4e13e3bdd9b20376dc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9GBgii4azLJTHa8EErxY6Gl4NdtOPmY2azZZE1mxPrrzexOy470QnKRcPKcNzlvcrLsKUZzTBh-s_Z9cGDnW-_0HCFGWUnvZce4JsWsKhC5f7A-yh7FuEaoJIuqepgdFRRRRAg7zv5caohWx9z3nQgafuTG5ZcgtfLOwNtcb43SG-Otb40E-zqX1rhhlYNTuQXhA3Q-XOeNccq4Nu7iKcd1pklcZ7zLfZPHPkq97YywOpd-5UMXH2cPGrBRPxnnk-zbh_dfzz_NLq4-Ls_PLmayqotuVtSgRI210AIAKMWlYjVDuhYKo3IXEnJRMgmyaQTVmGgilKpFqptVSpKT7Pled2t95KNtkWNKcLKhKqtELPeE8rDm22A2EK65B8N3AR9aDqEz0mquKsRIBYpguaCyKgQgVlGhiwWpmySZtN6Np_Vio5VMRgSwE9HpjjMr3vpfPF22LmqaBF6OAsH_7HXs-MYk76wFp32_uzcpGC5YkdDTf9C7qxupFlIBxjU-nSsHUX5G2YKQsqhYouZ3UGkMzy_TH2tMik8SXk0SEtPp310LfYx8-eXz_7NX36fsiwN2pcF2q-htP_ykOAXpHpTBxxh0c2syRnxokRs3-NAifGyRlPbs8IFuk256gvwFm1sOfA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1431404656</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Measles outbreak in Macedonia: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings and identification of susceptible cohorts</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><creator>Kondova, Irena T ; Milenkovic, Zvonko ; Marinkovic, Sanja P ; Bosevska, Golubinka ; Kuzmanovska, Gordana ; Kondov, Goran ; Alabakovska, Sonja ; Muller, Claude P ; Hübschen, Judith M</creator><creatorcontrib>Kondova, Irena T ; Milenkovic, Zvonko ; Marinkovic, Sanja P ; Bosevska, Golubinka ; Kuzmanovska, Gordana ; Kondov, Goran ; Alabakovska, Sonja ; Muller, Claude P ; Hübschen, Judith M</creatorcontrib><description>Despite a 92-99% national vaccination coverage since 2000, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia experienced a large measles outbreak between 2010 and 2011. Here we investigate the characteristics of patients hospitalized during this outbreak at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Skopje.
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of 284 measles patients, including 251 from Skopje (43.80% of the 573 reported cases) and 33 from elsewhere in Macedonia were collected.
The most affected age groups were children up to 4 years of age and adolescents/adults of 15 years and older. Most patients were unvaccinated (n=263, 92.61%) and many had non-Macedonian nationalities (n=156, 54.93%) or belonged to the Roma ethnicity (n=73, 25.70%). Bronchopneumonia and diarrhea were the most common complications. Eighty-two out of 86 tested patients (95.35%) had measles-specific IgM antibodies. The outbreak was caused by the measles variant D4-Hamburg.
The epidemic identified pockets of susceptibles in Skopje and indicated that additional vaccination opportunities in particular for people with non-Macedonian nationality and traveler communities are warranted to ensure efficient measles control in Macedonia. The high attack rate among children of less than 1 year suggests that vaccination before 12 months of age should be considered in high risk settings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074754</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24040337</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Adults ; Age ; Antibiotics ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Bronchopneumonia ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Complications ; Diarrhea ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hospital patients ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; Immunology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infectious diseases ; Laboratories ; Macedonia (Republic) - epidemiology ; Male ; Measles ; Measles - epidemiology ; Measles Vaccine - therapeutic use ; Medical research ; Middle Aged ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Outbreaks ; Patients ; Pneumonia ; Public health ; Romanies ; Rubella ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e74754-e74754</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Kondova et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Kondova et al 2013 Kondova et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-29adb91ebebaaa4415d7970e9bd105aaa44bc857cacffb4e13e3bdd9b20376dc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-29adb91ebebaaa4415d7970e9bd105aaa44bc857cacffb4e13e3bdd9b20376dc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769294/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769294/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040337$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kondova, Irena T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milenkovic, Zvonko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinkovic, Sanja P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosevska, Golubinka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuzmanovska, Gordana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondov, Goran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alabakovska, Sonja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Claude P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hübschen, Judith M</creatorcontrib><title>Measles outbreak in Macedonia: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings and identification of susceptible cohorts</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Despite a 92-99% national vaccination coverage since 2000, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia experienced a large measles outbreak between 2010 and 2011. Here we investigate the characteristics of patients hospitalized during this outbreak at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Skopje.
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of 284 measles patients, including 251 from Skopje (43.80% of the 573 reported cases) and 33 from elsewhere in Macedonia were collected.
The most affected age groups were children up to 4 years of age and adolescents/adults of 15 years and older. Most patients were unvaccinated (n=263, 92.61%) and many had non-Macedonian nationalities (n=156, 54.93%) or belonged to the Roma ethnicity (n=73, 25.70%). Bronchopneumonia and diarrhea were the most common complications. Eighty-two out of 86 tested patients (95.35%) had measles-specific IgM antibodies. The outbreak was caused by the measles variant D4-Hamburg.
The epidemic identified pockets of susceptibles in Skopje and indicated that additional vaccination opportunities in particular for people with non-Macedonian nationality and traveler communities are warranted to ensure efficient measles control in Macedonia. The high attack rate among children of less than 1 year suggests that vaccination before 12 months of age should be considered in high risk settings.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Bronchopneumonia</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Hospital patients</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M - blood</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Macedonia (Republic) - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measles</subject><subject>Measles - epidemiology</subject><subject>Measles Vaccine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Romanies</subject><subject>Rubella</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9GBgii4azLJTHa8EErxY6Gl4NdtOPmY2azZZE1mxPrrzexOy470QnKRcPKcNzlvcrLsKUZzTBh-s_Z9cGDnW-_0HCFGWUnvZce4JsWsKhC5f7A-yh7FuEaoJIuqepgdFRRRRAg7zv5caohWx9z3nQgafuTG5ZcgtfLOwNtcb43SG-Otb40E-zqX1rhhlYNTuQXhA3Q-XOeNccq4Nu7iKcd1pklcZ7zLfZPHPkq97YywOpd-5UMXH2cPGrBRPxnnk-zbh_dfzz_NLq4-Ls_PLmayqotuVtSgRI210AIAKMWlYjVDuhYKo3IXEnJRMgmyaQTVmGgilKpFqptVSpKT7Pled2t95KNtkWNKcLKhKqtELPeE8rDm22A2EK65B8N3AR9aDqEz0mquKsRIBYpguaCyKgQgVlGhiwWpmySZtN6Np_Vio5VMRgSwE9HpjjMr3vpfPF22LmqaBF6OAsH_7HXs-MYk76wFp32_uzcpGC5YkdDTf9C7qxupFlIBxjU-nSsHUX5G2YKQsqhYouZ3UGkMzy_TH2tMik8SXk0SEtPp310LfYx8-eXz_7NX36fsiwN2pcF2q-htP_ykOAXpHpTBxxh0c2syRnxokRs3-NAifGyRlPbs8IFuk256gvwFm1sOfA</recordid><startdate>20130910</startdate><enddate>20130910</enddate><creator>Kondova, Irena T</creator><creator>Milenkovic, Zvonko</creator><creator>Marinkovic, Sanja P</creator><creator>Bosevska, Golubinka</creator><creator>Kuzmanovska, Gordana</creator><creator>Kondov, Goran</creator><creator>Alabakovska, Sonja</creator><creator>Muller, Claude P</creator><creator>Hübschen, Judith M</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130910</creationdate><title>Measles outbreak in Macedonia: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings and identification of susceptible cohorts</title><author>Kondova, Irena T ; Milenkovic, Zvonko ; Marinkovic, Sanja P ; Bosevska, Golubinka ; Kuzmanovska, Gordana ; Kondov, Goran ; Alabakovska, Sonja ; Muller, Claude P ; Hübschen, Judith M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-29adb91ebebaaa4415d7970e9bd105aaa44bc857cacffb4e13e3bdd9b20376dc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Bronchopneumonia</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Hospital patients</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M - blood</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Macedonia (Republic) - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measles</topic><topic>Measles - epidemiology</topic><topic>Measles Vaccine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Outbreaks</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Romanies</topic><topic>Rubella</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kondova, Irena T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milenkovic, Zvonko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinkovic, Sanja P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosevska, Golubinka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuzmanovska, Gordana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondov, Goran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alabakovska, Sonja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Claude P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hübschen, Judith M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kondova, Irena T</au><au>Milenkovic, Zvonko</au><au>Marinkovic, Sanja P</au><au>Bosevska, Golubinka</au><au>Kuzmanovska, Gordana</au><au>Kondov, Goran</au><au>Alabakovska, Sonja</au><au>Muller, Claude P</au><au>Hübschen, Judith M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measles outbreak in Macedonia: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings and identification of susceptible cohorts</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-09-10</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e74754</spage><epage>e74754</epage><pages>e74754-e74754</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Despite a 92-99% national vaccination coverage since 2000, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia experienced a large measles outbreak between 2010 and 2011. Here we investigate the characteristics of patients hospitalized during this outbreak at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Skopje.
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of 284 measles patients, including 251 from Skopje (43.80% of the 573 reported cases) and 33 from elsewhere in Macedonia were collected.
The most affected age groups were children up to 4 years of age and adolescents/adults of 15 years and older. Most patients were unvaccinated (n=263, 92.61%) and many had non-Macedonian nationalities (n=156, 54.93%) or belonged to the Roma ethnicity (n=73, 25.70%). Bronchopneumonia and diarrhea were the most common complications. Eighty-two out of 86 tested patients (95.35%) had measles-specific IgM antibodies. The outbreak was caused by the measles variant D4-Hamburg.
The epidemic identified pockets of susceptibles in Skopje and indicated that additional vaccination opportunities in particular for people with non-Macedonian nationality and traveler communities are warranted to ensure efficient measles control in Macedonia. The high attack rate among children of less than 1 year suggests that vaccination before 12 months of age should be considered in high risk settings.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24040337</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0074754</doi><tpages>e74754</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e74754-e74754 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1431404656 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Adult Adults Age Antibiotics Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood Bronchopneumonia Child Child, Preschool Children Complications Diarrhea Disease Outbreaks Epidemics Epidemiology Female Genotype Hospital patients Hospitalization Humans Immunization Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M - blood Immunology Incidence Infant Infectious diseases Laboratories Macedonia (Republic) - epidemiology Male Measles Measles - epidemiology Measles Vaccine - therapeutic use Medical research Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Outbreaks Patients Pneumonia Public health Romanies Rubella Vaccination Vaccines Young Adult |
| title | Measles outbreak in Macedonia: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings and identification of susceptible cohorts |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T01%3A04%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Measles%20outbreak%20in%20Macedonia:%20epidemiological,%20clinical%20and%20laboratory%20findings%20and%20identification%20of%20susceptible%20cohorts&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Kondova,%20Irena%20T&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e74754&rft.epage=e74754&rft.pages=e74754-e74754&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074754&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478335267%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1431404656&rft_id=info:pmid/24040337&rft_galeid=A478335267&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_d60736ad31c84c62ba0764be2839f143&rfr_iscdi=true |