CD40 activation rescues antiviral CD8⁺ T cells from PD-1-mediated exhaustion

The intrahepatic immune environment is normally biased towards tolerance. Nonetheless, effective antiviral immune responses can be induced against hepatotropic pathogens. To examine the immunological basis of this paradox we studied the ability of hepatocellularly expressed hepatitis B virus (HBV) t...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PLoS pathogens 2013, Vol.9 (7), p.e1003490-e1003490
Hauptverfasser:	Isogawa, Masanori, Chung, Josan, Murata, Yasuhiro, Kakimi, Kazuhiro, Chisari, Francis V
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adaptive Immunity Animals Antigen Presentation Antigens, Differentiation - genetics Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism Antigens, Viral - metabolism Biology CD40 Antigens - agonists CD40 Antigens - genetics CD40 Antigens - metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology Cell Differentiation Cell Proliferation Dendritic Cells - immunology Dendritic Cells - metabolism Dendritic Cells - pathology Dendritic Cells - virology Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis B - immunology Hepatitis B - metabolism Hepatitis B - pathology Hepatitis B - virology Hepatitis B virus - immunology Hepatitis B virus - physiology Host-Pathogen Interactions Immunology Liver Liver - immunology Liver - metabolism Liver - pathology Liver - virology Male Medical research Medicine Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mice, Transgenic Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - genetics Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - genetics Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - metabolism Rodents T cell receptors T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - metabolism T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - pathology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - virology
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