Positive facial affect - an fMRI study on the involvement of insula and amygdala
Imitation of facial expressions engages the putative human mirror neuron system as well as the insula and the amygdala as part of the limbic system. The specific function of the latter two regions during emotional actions is still under debate. The current study investigated brain responses during i...
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| description | Imitation of facial expressions engages the putative human mirror neuron system as well as the insula and the amygdala as part of the limbic system. The specific function of the latter two regions during emotional actions is still under debate. The current study investigated brain responses during imitation of positive in comparison to non-emotional facial expressions. Differences in brain activation of the amygdala and insula were additionally examined during observation and execution of facial expressions. Participants imitated, executed and observed happy and non-emotional facial expressions, as well as neutral faces. During imitation, higher right hemispheric activation emerged in the happy compared to the non-emotional condition in the right anterior insula and the right amygdala, in addition to the pre-supplementary motor area, middle temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that the right insula was more strongly recruited by (i) imitation and execution than by observation of facial expressions, that (ii) the insula was significantly stronger activated by happy than by non-emotional facial expressions during observation and imitation and that (iii) the activation differences in the right amygdala between happy and non-emotional facial expressions were increased during imitation and execution, in comparison to sole observation. We suggest that the insula and the amygdala contribute specifically to the happy emotional connotation of the facial expressions depending on the task. The pattern of the insula activity might reflect increased bodily awareness during active execution compared to passive observation and during visual processing of the happy compared to non-emotional facial expressions. The activation specific for the happy facial expression of the amygdala during motor tasks, but not in the observation condition, might reflect increased autonomic activity or feedback from facial muscles to the amygdala. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0069886 |
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The specific function of the latter two regions during emotional actions is still under debate. The current study investigated brain responses during imitation of positive in comparison to non-emotional facial expressions. Differences in brain activation of the amygdala and insula were additionally examined during observation and execution of facial expressions. Participants imitated, executed and observed happy and non-emotional facial expressions, as well as neutral faces. During imitation, higher right hemispheric activation emerged in the happy compared to the non-emotional condition in the right anterior insula and the right amygdala, in addition to the pre-supplementary motor area, middle temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that the right insula was more strongly recruited by (i) imitation and execution than by observation of facial expressions, that (ii) the insula was significantly stronger activated by happy than by non-emotional facial expressions during observation and imitation and that (iii) the activation differences in the right amygdala between happy and non-emotional facial expressions were increased during imitation and execution, in comparison to sole observation. We suggest that the insula and the amygdala contribute specifically to the happy emotional connotation of the facial expressions depending on the task. The pattern of the insula activity might reflect increased bodily awareness during active execution compared to passive observation and during visual processing of the happy compared to non-emotional facial expressions. The activation specific for the happy facial expression of the amygdala during motor tasks, but not in the observation condition, might reflect increased autonomic activity or feedback from facial muscles to the amygdala.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069886</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23990890</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Activation ; Adult ; Affect - physiology ; Amygdala ; Amygdala - physiology ; Autonomic nervous system ; Biology ; Brain ; Brain mapping ; Brain Mapping - methods ; Brain research ; Cerebral Cortex - physiology ; Child & adolescent psychiatry ; Emotions ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Frontal gyrus ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging ; Hemispheric laterality ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Information processing ; Limbic system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medicine ; Meta-analysis ; Mirror Neurons - physiology ; Muscles ; Nerve Net ; Neurobiology ; Neurosciences ; Presupplementary motor area ; Psychotherapy ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Studies ; Supplementary motor area ; Systematic review ; temporal gyrus ; Visual observation ; Visual perception ; Visual Perception - physiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-08, Vol.8 (8), p.e69886-e69886</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Pohl et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Region-of-interest analyses revealed that the right insula was more strongly recruited by (i) imitation and execution than by observation of facial expressions, that (ii) the insula was significantly stronger activated by happy than by non-emotional facial expressions during observation and imitation and that (iii) the activation differences in the right amygdala between happy and non-emotional facial expressions were increased during imitation and execution, in comparison to sole observation. We suggest that the insula and the amygdala contribute specifically to the happy emotional connotation of the facial expressions depending on the task. The pattern of the insula activity might reflect increased bodily awareness during active execution compared to passive observation and during visual processing of the happy compared to non-emotional facial expressions. The activation specific for the happy facial expression of the amygdala during motor tasks, but not in the observation condition, might reflect increased autonomic activity or feedback from facial muscles to the amygdala.</description><subject>Activation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affect - physiology</subject><subject>Amygdala</subject><subject>Amygdala - physiology</subject><subject>Autonomic nervous system</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain mapping</subject><subject>Brain Mapping - methods</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Child & adolescent psychiatry</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Facial Expression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Frontal gyrus</subject><subject>Functional magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Hemispheric laterality</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Limbic system</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pohl, Anna</au><au>Anders, Silke</au><au>Schulte-Rüther, Martin</au><au>Mathiak, Klaus</au><au>Kircher, Tilo</au><au>Chao, Linda</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Positive facial affect - an fMRI study on the involvement of insula and amygdala</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-08-21</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e69886</spage><epage>e69886</epage><pages>e69886-e69886</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Imitation of facial expressions engages the putative human mirror neuron system as well as the insula and the amygdala as part of the limbic system. The specific function of the latter two regions during emotional actions is still under debate. The current study investigated brain responses during imitation of positive in comparison to non-emotional facial expressions. Differences in brain activation of the amygdala and insula were additionally examined during observation and execution of facial expressions. Participants imitated, executed and observed happy and non-emotional facial expressions, as well as neutral faces. During imitation, higher right hemispheric activation emerged in the happy compared to the non-emotional condition in the right anterior insula and the right amygdala, in addition to the pre-supplementary motor area, middle temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that the right insula was more strongly recruited by (i) imitation and execution than by observation of facial expressions, that (ii) the insula was significantly stronger activated by happy than by non-emotional facial expressions during observation and imitation and that (iii) the activation differences in the right amygdala between happy and non-emotional facial expressions were increased during imitation and execution, in comparison to sole observation. We suggest that the insula and the amygdala contribute specifically to the happy emotional connotation of the facial expressions depending on the task. The pattern of the insula activity might reflect increased bodily awareness during active execution compared to passive observation and during visual processing of the happy compared to non-emotional facial expressions. The activation specific for the happy facial expression of the amygdala during motor tasks, but not in the observation condition, might reflect increased autonomic activity or feedback from facial muscles to the amygdala.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23990890</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0069886</doi><tpages>e69886</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Activation Adult Affect - physiology Amygdala Amygdala - physiology Autonomic nervous system Biology Brain Brain mapping Brain Mapping - methods Brain research Cerebral Cortex - physiology Child & adolescent psychiatry Emotions Facial Expression Female Frontal gyrus Functional magnetic resonance imaging Hemispheric laterality Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Information processing Limbic system Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Medical imaging Medicine Meta-analysis Mirror Neurons - physiology Muscles Nerve Net Neurobiology Neurosciences Presupplementary motor area Psychotherapy Social and Behavioral Sciences Studies Supplementary motor area Systematic review temporal gyrus Visual observation Visual perception Visual Perception - physiology Young Adult |
| title | Positive facial affect - an fMRI study on the involvement of insula and amygdala |
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