Milk fat content and DGAT1 genotype determine lipid composition of the milk fat globule membrane
During secretion of milk fat globules, triacylglycerol (TAG) droplets are enveloped by a phospholipid (PL) trilayer. Globule size has been found to be related to polar lipid composition and fat content, and milk fat content and fatty acid composition have been associated with the diacylglycerol acyl...
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| description | During secretion of milk fat globules, triacylglycerol (TAG) droplets are enveloped by a phospholipid (PL) trilayer. Globule size has been found to be related to polar lipid composition and fat content, and milk fat content and fatty acid composition have been associated with the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism; however, the association between the DGAT1 polymorphism and fat globule size and polar lipid composition has not been studied. The ratio between polar and neutral lipids as well as the composition of the polar lipids in milk has industrial as well as nutritional and health implications. Understanding phenotypic and genotypic factors influencing these parameters could contribute to improving milk lipid composition for dairy products. The focus of the present study was to determine the effect of both fat content and DGAT1 polymorphism on PL/TAG ratio, as a marker for milk fat globule size, and detailed PL composition. Milk samples were selected from 200 cows such that there were equal numbers of samples for the different fat contents as well as per DGAT1 genotype. Samples were analyzed for neutral and polar lipid concentration and composition. PL/TAG ratio was significantly associated with both fat content and DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine concentrations were associated with fat content*DGAT1 genotype with a stronger association for the AA than the KK genotype. Sphingomyelin concentration tended to interact with fat content*DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentration showed a biphasic response to fat content, suggesting that multiple biological processes influence its concentration. These results provide a new direction for controlling polar lipid concentration and composition in milk through selective breeding of cows. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0068707 |
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Globule size has been found to be related to polar lipid composition and fat content, and milk fat content and fatty acid composition have been associated with the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism; however, the association between the DGAT1 polymorphism and fat globule size and polar lipid composition has not been studied. The ratio between polar and neutral lipids as well as the composition of the polar lipids in milk has industrial as well as nutritional and health implications. Understanding phenotypic and genotypic factors influencing these parameters could contribute to improving milk lipid composition for dairy products. The focus of the present study was to determine the effect of both fat content and DGAT1 polymorphism on PL/TAG ratio, as a marker for milk fat globule size, and detailed PL composition. Milk samples were selected from 200 cows such that there were equal numbers of samples for the different fat contents as well as per DGAT1 genotype. Samples were analyzed for neutral and polar lipid concentration and composition. PL/TAG ratio was significantly associated with both fat content and DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine concentrations were associated with fat content*DGAT1 genotype with a stronger association for the AA than the KK genotype. Sphingomyelin concentration tended to interact with fat content*DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentration showed a biphasic response to fat content, suggesting that multiple biological processes influence its concentration. These results provide a new direction for controlling polar lipid concentration and composition in milk through selective breeding of cows.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068707</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23874734</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>acids ; Acyltransferase ; Agriculture ; Animal husbandry ; Animal lactation ; Animal sciences ; Animals ; Biological activity ; Biological effects ; Biology ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Breeding ; Breeding - methods ; Cattle ; Dairy cattle ; Dairy products ; Dairying - methods ; Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase - genetics ; Diet ; Diglycerides ; E coli ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Enzymes ; Escherichia coli ; Fatty acid composition ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Food ; Genomics ; Genotype & phenotype ; Globules ; Glycolipids - chemistry ; Glycoproteins - chemistry ; Goats ; lactation ; Lipid composition ; Lipids ; mammary-gland ; Membrane Lipids - analysis ; Metabolism ; Milk ; Milk - chemistry ; Milk fat globule membranes ; Oils & fats ; parameters ; Phosphatase ; Phosphatidylethanolamine ; Phosphatidylinositol ; Phosphatidylserine ; Phospholipids ; Phospholipids - metabolism ; Polymorphism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; raw-milk ; Rodents ; Secretion ; Selective breeding ; size ; Sphingomyelin ; Triglycerides - metabolism</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-07, Vol.8 (7), p.e68707-e68707</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Argov-Argaman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Argov-Argaman et al 2013 Argov-Argaman et al</rights><rights>Wageningen University & Research</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-5232440ded07c0e22701afecc9bbcdd6f5e126442b73d8d279fe0f8970c0ac153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-5232440ded07c0e22701afecc9bbcdd6f5e126442b73d8d279fe0f8970c0ac153</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715532/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715532/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23874734$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Pas, Marinus FW. t. e.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Argov-Argaman, Nurit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mida, Kfir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Bat-Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Visker, Marleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hettinga, Kasper</creatorcontrib><title>Milk fat content and DGAT1 genotype determine lipid composition of the milk fat globule membrane</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>During secretion of milk fat globules, triacylglycerol (TAG) droplets are enveloped by a phospholipid (PL) trilayer. Globule size has been found to be related to polar lipid composition and fat content, and milk fat content and fatty acid composition have been associated with the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism; however, the association between the DGAT1 polymorphism and fat globule size and polar lipid composition has not been studied. The ratio between polar and neutral lipids as well as the composition of the polar lipids in milk has industrial as well as nutritional and health implications. Understanding phenotypic and genotypic factors influencing these parameters could contribute to improving milk lipid composition for dairy products. The focus of the present study was to determine the effect of both fat content and DGAT1 polymorphism on PL/TAG ratio, as a marker for milk fat globule size, and detailed PL composition. Milk samples were selected from 200 cows such that there were equal numbers of samples for the different fat contents as well as per DGAT1 genotype. Samples were analyzed for neutral and polar lipid concentration and composition. PL/TAG ratio was significantly associated with both fat content and DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine concentrations were associated with fat content*DGAT1 genotype with a stronger association for the AA than the KK genotype. Sphingomyelin concentration tended to interact with fat content*DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentration showed a biphasic response to fat content, suggesting that multiple biological processes influence its concentration. These results provide a new direction for controlling polar lipid concentration and composition in milk through selective breeding of cows.</description><subject>acids</subject><subject>Acyltransferase</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animal husbandry</subject><subject>Animal lactation</subject><subject>Animal sciences</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Biological effects</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Breeding - methods</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Dairy cattle</subject><subject>Dairy products</subject><subject>Dairying - methods</subject><subject>Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase - genetics</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diglycerides</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Endoplasmic reticulum</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Fatty acid composition</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Globules</subject><subject>Glycolipids - chemistry</subject><subject>Glycoproteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>lactation</subject><subject>Lipid composition</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>mammary-gland</subject><subject>Membrane Lipids - analysis</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk - chemistry</subject><subject>Milk fat globule membranes</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>parameters</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Phosphatidylethanolamine</subject><subject>Phosphatidylinositol</subject><subject>Phosphatidylserine</subject><subject>Phospholipids</subject><subject>Phospholipids - metabolism</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>raw-milk</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Secretion</subject><subject>Selective breeding</subject><subject>size</subject><subject>Sphingomyelin</subject><subject>Triglycerides - metabolism</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBEQkJw0eKvxCkXSNWAUWloEgxujWOftB6OHeyEsX-P26ZTi3aBIsWJ85w3Pu85J8ueYjTFlOM3V34ITtpp5x1MESorjvi97BjPKJmUBNH7e89H2aMYrxAqaFWWD7MjQivOOGXH2Y_Pxv7MG9nnyrseXJ9Lp_P3Z_NLnC_B-f6mg1xDD6E1DnJrOqMT2nY-mt54l_sm71eQtzuZpfX1YNMGtHWQDh5nDxppIzwZ15Ps28cPl6efJucXZ4vT-flEcUb7SUEoYQxp0IgrBIRwhGUDSs3qWmldNgVgUjJGak51pQmfNYCaasaRQlLhgp5kz7e6nfVRjOZEgRnhlCNKq0QstoT28kp0wbQy3Agvjdhs-LAUMvRGWRDQEMZxxanEjEGtZ1CzApccGpreKEtab7da1zK5ZFy6CSeDMnEjaE3KPYlfD0E4u166oY6CMYowTsHvxqMOdQtaJdeDtAcnOvzizEos_W-Ryl4UlCSBV6NA8L8GiL1oTVRgbfLbD-ukMS4pTYVP6It_0LutGamlTNkb1_j0X7UWFXPGK0IKWvBETe-g0qWhNal9oDFp_yDg9UHApsX-9Es5xCgWX7_8P3vx_ZB9uceuQNp-Fb0d1g0ZD0G2BVXwMQZobk3GSKynaOeGWE-RGKcohT3bL9Bt0G5s6F9Wzxit</recordid><startdate>20130718</startdate><enddate>20130718</enddate><creator>Argov-Argaman, Nurit</creator><creator>Mida, Kfir</creator><creator>Cohen, Bat-Chen</creator><creator>Visker, Marleen</creator><creator>Hettinga, Kasper</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>QVL</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130718</creationdate><title>Milk fat content and DGAT1 genotype determine lipid composition of the milk fat globule membrane</title><author>Argov-Argaman, Nurit ; Mida, Kfir ; Cohen, Bat-Chen ; Visker, Marleen ; Hettinga, Kasper</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-5232440ded07c0e22701afecc9bbcdd6f5e126442b73d8d279fe0f8970c0ac153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>acids</topic><topic>Acyltransferase</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Animal husbandry</topic><topic>Animal lactation</topic><topic>Animal sciences</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Biological effects</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biomarkers - 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Globule size has been found to be related to polar lipid composition and fat content, and milk fat content and fatty acid composition have been associated with the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism; however, the association between the DGAT1 polymorphism and fat globule size and polar lipid composition has not been studied. The ratio between polar and neutral lipids as well as the composition of the polar lipids in milk has industrial as well as nutritional and health implications. Understanding phenotypic and genotypic factors influencing these parameters could contribute to improving milk lipid composition for dairy products. The focus of the present study was to determine the effect of both fat content and DGAT1 polymorphism on PL/TAG ratio, as a marker for milk fat globule size, and detailed PL composition. Milk samples were selected from 200 cows such that there were equal numbers of samples for the different fat contents as well as per DGAT1 genotype. Samples were analyzed for neutral and polar lipid concentration and composition. PL/TAG ratio was significantly associated with both fat content and DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine concentrations were associated with fat content*DGAT1 genotype with a stronger association for the AA than the KK genotype. Sphingomyelin concentration tended to interact with fat content*DGAT1 genotype. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentration showed a biphasic response to fat content, suggesting that multiple biological processes influence its concentration. These results provide a new direction for controlling polar lipid concentration and composition in milk through selective breeding of cows.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23874734</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0068707</doi><tpages>e68707</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-07, Vol.8 (7), p.e68707-e68707 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1427370338 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | acids Acyltransferase Agriculture Animal husbandry Animal lactation Animal sciences Animals Biological activity Biological effects Biology Biomarkers - metabolism Breeding Breeding - methods Cattle Dairy cattle Dairy products Dairying - methods Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase - genetics Diet Diglycerides E coli Endoplasmic reticulum Enzymes Escherichia coli Fatty acid composition Fatty acids Female Food Genomics Genotype & phenotype Globules Glycolipids - chemistry Glycoproteins - chemistry Goats lactation Lipid composition Lipids mammary-gland Membrane Lipids - analysis Metabolism Milk Milk - chemistry Milk fat globule membranes Oils & fats parameters Phosphatase Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidylserine Phospholipids Phospholipids - metabolism Polymorphism Polymorphism, Genetic raw-milk Rodents Secretion Selective breeding size Sphingomyelin Triglycerides - metabolism |
| title | Milk fat content and DGAT1 genotype determine lipid composition of the milk fat globule membrane |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T19%3A39%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Milk%20fat%20content%20and%20DGAT1%20genotype%20determine%20lipid%20composition%20of%20the%20milk%20fat%20globule%20membrane&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Argov-Argaman,%20Nurit&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e68707&rft.epage=e68707&rft.pages=e68707-e68707&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068707&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478225357%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1427370338&rft_id=info:pmid/23874734&rft_galeid=A478225357&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_ef2471873a144ebd9eb45167ef3ebd34&rfr_iscdi=true |