Field application of a rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of persulfate in soil
Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils can be performed both in situ and ex situ using chemical oxidants such as sodium persulfate. Standard methods for quantifying persulfate require either centrifugation or prolonged settling times. An optimized soil extraction procedure was developed for p...
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| description | Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils can be performed both in situ and ex situ using chemical oxidants such as sodium persulfate. Standard methods for quantifying persulfate require either centrifugation or prolonged settling times. An optimized soil extraction procedure was developed for persulfate involving simple water extraction using a modified disposable syringe. This allows considerable saving of time and removes the need for centrifugation. The extraction time was reduced to only 5 min compared to 15 min for the standard approach. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrated that each provides comparable results. Comparisons were made using high (93 g kg(-1) soil) and low (9.3 g kg(-1) soil) additions of sodium persulfate to a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as well as sand spiked with diesel. Recoveries of 95±1% and 96±10% were observed with the higher application rate in the contaminated soil and spiked sand, respectively. Corresponding recoveries of 86±5% and 117±19% were measured for the lower application rate. Results were obtained in only 25 min and the method is well suited to batch analyses. In addition, it is suitable for application in a small field laboratory or even a mobile, vehicle-based system, as it requires minimal equipment and reagents. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0065106 |
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Standard methods for quantifying persulfate require either centrifugation or prolonged settling times. An optimized soil extraction procedure was developed for persulfate involving simple water extraction using a modified disposable syringe. This allows considerable saving of time and removes the need for centrifugation. The extraction time was reduced to only 5 min compared to 15 min for the standard approach. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrated that each provides comparable results. Comparisons were made using high (93 g kg(-1) soil) and low (9.3 g kg(-1) soil) additions of sodium persulfate to a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as well as sand spiked with diesel. Recoveries of 95±1% and 96±10% were observed with the higher application rate in the contaminated soil and spiked sand, respectively. Corresponding recoveries of 86±5% and 117±19% were measured for the lower application rate. Results were obtained in only 25 min and the method is well suited to batch analyses. In addition, it is suitable for application in a small field laboratory or even a mobile, vehicle-based system, as it requires minimal equipment and reagents.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065106</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23776446</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Architectural engineering ; Biology ; Centrifugation ; Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Engineering ; Environmental Pollution - prevention & control ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods ; Experiments ; Hydrocarbons ; Hydrocarbons - analysis ; Hydrocarbons - chemistry ; Laboratories ; Methods ; Oxidants ; Oxidizing agents ; Petroleum - analysis ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Potassium ; Reagents ; Sand ; Sandy soils ; Sediment pollution ; Sodium ; Sodium Compounds - chemistry ; Sodium persulfate ; Soil ; Soil contamination ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil Pollutants - chemistry ; Soil pollution ; Soil remediation ; Soil settlement ; Spectrophotometry ; Sulfates - chemistry ; Ultrasonic imaging</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-06, Vol.8 (6), p.e65106</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Cunningham et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Cunningham et al 2013 Cunningham et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-5133f84fc0414572a6bffd782e3635788f822f3b573fac16fc56cb106b449feb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-5133f84fc0414572a6bffd782e3635788f822f3b573fac16fc56cb106b449feb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679111/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679111/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776446$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Shah, Vishal</contributor><creatorcontrib>Cunningham, Colin J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pitschi, Vanessa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barry, D A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Colin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peshkur, Tanya A</creatorcontrib><title>Field application of a rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of persulfate in soil</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils can be performed both in situ and ex situ using chemical oxidants such as sodium persulfate. Standard methods for quantifying persulfate require either centrifugation or prolonged settling times. An optimized soil extraction procedure was developed for persulfate involving simple water extraction using a modified disposable syringe. This allows considerable saving of time and removes the need for centrifugation. The extraction time was reduced to only 5 min compared to 15 min for the standard approach. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrated that each provides comparable results. Comparisons were made using high (93 g kg(-1) soil) and low (9.3 g kg(-1) soil) additions of sodium persulfate to a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as well as sand spiked with diesel. Recoveries of 95±1% and 96±10% were observed with the higher application rate in the contaminated soil and spiked sand, respectively. Corresponding recoveries of 86±5% and 117±19% were measured for the lower application rate. 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Standard methods for quantifying persulfate require either centrifugation or prolonged settling times. An optimized soil extraction procedure was developed for persulfate involving simple water extraction using a modified disposable syringe. This allows considerable saving of time and removes the need for centrifugation. The extraction time was reduced to only 5 min compared to 15 min for the standard approach. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrated that each provides comparable results. Comparisons were made using high (93 g kg(-1) soil) and low (9.3 g kg(-1) soil) additions of sodium persulfate to a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as well as sand spiked with diesel. Recoveries of 95±1% and 96±10% were observed with the higher application rate in the contaminated soil and spiked sand, respectively. Corresponding recoveries of 86±5% and 117±19% were measured for the lower application rate. Results were obtained in only 25 min and the method is well suited to batch analyses. In addition, it is suitable for application in a small field laboratory or even a mobile, vehicle-based system, as it requires minimal equipment and reagents.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23776446</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0065106</doi><tpages>e65106</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Agriculture Architectural engineering Biology Centrifugation Chemistry Earth Sciences Engineering Environmental Pollution - prevention & control Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Experiments Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons - analysis Hydrocarbons - chemistry Laboratories Methods Oxidants Oxidizing agents Petroleum - analysis Petroleum hydrocarbons Potassium Reagents Sand Sandy soils Sediment pollution Sodium Sodium Compounds - chemistry Sodium persulfate Soil Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - chemistry Soil pollution Soil remediation Soil settlement Spectrophotometry Sulfates - chemistry Ultrasonic imaging |
| title | Field application of a rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of persulfate in soil |
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